重稀土硫酸盐体系电解还原提纯镱的研究

采用电解还原方法，以钌-铱-钛合金网和汞为阳、阴极，在无气氛保护的条件下，实现了从重稀土(Tm，Yb，Lu)富集物的硫酸盐溶液中选择性地还原和提取镱。在获得稀土纯度达99．5％的YbSO4的同时，剩余物中的铥、镥也被富集了约3倍。研究中还对不同阳极和阴极材料的性能进行了比较和筛选，考察了体系的还原效率，以及电流、电压的时间响应过程。     

《有机电解合成基础》一书出版

由厦门大学化学系徐志固教授编著，蔡启瑞、张乾二教授主审的《现代配位化学》一书已由化学工业出版社于1987年12月正式出版。此书比较全面、系统地介绍了配位化学的基础理论、重要成果和发展现况。全书共75万多字，分十三章。书中作者大量引用了国外无机化学及有关的名著和现刊，同时也反映了国内，特     

CO2电化学还原研究进展

综述了利用电化学方法研究CO2在水溶剂，非水溶剂中的转化情况和机理，以及将CO2固定在有机络合物中或用光电化学，光催化还原CO2及仿光合作用转移CO2的最新研究情况，旨在寻求一种合理，高效的CO2转化方法以缓解温室效应。     

用于二氧化碳电催化还原的电解器研究进展

The electrocatalytic CO₂ reduction reaction (CO₂RR) driven by renewable energy is an efficient approach to achieve the conversion and utilization of CO₂. In this context, CO₂RR has become an emerging research focus in the field of electrocatalysis over the past decade. While a large number of nanostructured catalysts have been developed to accelerate CO₂RR, the tradeoff between activity and selectivity usually renders the overall electrocatalytic performance very poor. Beyond catalyst design, rationally designing electrolyzers is also of substantial importance for improving the CO₂RR performance and achieving its scale-up for practical applications. To a large extent, the electrolyzer configuration determines the local reaction environment near an electrode by affecting the process conditions, thereby resulting in remarkably different electrocatalytic performances. To be techno-economically viable, the performance of CO₂ electrolyzers is expected to be at least comparable to that of the current state-of-the-art proton exchange membrane (PEM) water electrolyzers, with regard to their activity, selectivity, and stability. Researchers have made great progress in the development of CO₂ electrolyzers over the past few years, but they are also facing many issues and challenges. This review aims to provide an in-depth analysis of the research progress and status of current CO₂ electrolyzers including H-cell, flow-cell, and membrane electrode assembly cell (MEA-cell) electrolyzers. Herein, operation at industrial current densities (> 200 mA∙cm⁻²) is set as a basis when these electrolyzers are discussed and compared in terms of the four main figures of merit (current density, Faradic efficiency, energy efficiency and stability) that describe the CO₂RR performance of an electrolyzer. The advantages and drawbacks of each electrolyzer are discussed and highlighted with emphasis on the key achievements reported to date. Compared to conventional H-cell electrolyzers that work well in mechanistic studies, the newly developed electrolyzers using gas diffusion electrodes, both flow-cell and MEA-cell electrolyzers, are able to break the limitation of CO₂ solubility in water and acquire industrial current densities. Although flow-cell electrolyzers have achieved current densities exceeding 1 A∙cm⁻², they suffer from low energy efficiencies because of the significant iR drop and poor stability owing to the use of alkaline electrolytes. These issues can be overcome in the case of zero-gap MEA-cell electrolyzers with ion exchange membranes being as solid electrolytes. The anion exchange membrane (AEM)-based CO₂ electrolyzers are at the center of the current research, as they demonstrate promising activity and selectivity toward specific CO₂RR products and exhibit excellent stability for over thousands of hours in few cases. Meanwhile, the crossover of CO₂ and liquid products from the cathode to the anode through the membrane tends to lower the utilization efficiency of the CO₂ supplied to the AEM electrolyzers. MEA-cell electrolyzers using cation exchange membranes and bipolar membranes have also been explored; however, neither of them have shown satisfactory CO₂RR performance. The development of new polymer electrolyte membranes and ionomers would help address these problems. While issues and challenges still exist, MEA-cell electrolyzers hold the greatest promise for practical applications. As concluding remarks, research strategies and opportunities for the future have been proposed to accelerate the development of CO₂RR technology for practical applications and to deepen the mechanistic understanding behind improved performance. This review provides new insights into rational electrolyzer design and guidelines for researchers in this field.     

铁炭微电解-亚铁还原氧化法处理花菁废水的研究

研究了微电解-亚铁还原氧化法在处理花菁废水上的应用,结果显示,经过处理,废水色度的去除率>97%,化学需氧量(COD)的去除率>90%.研究了影响处理效果的因素,对于废水中有机物的去除、脱色以及废水可生化性的提高进行了探讨,并通过紫外-可见光谱和色质联用(GC/MS)对处理前后的废水组分进行了分析.     

铕的电化学还原动力学研究（Ⅱ）

对Ｓｍ－Ｅｕ－Ｇｄ氯化物体系，用带隔膜的电解槽和恒电位法，研究了铕电还原动力学特性。结果表明，在研究的参数范围内，随体系温度升高，搅拌强度增大，阴极电位降低、阴极面积增大及料液浓度增高，铕的还原速度加快；而随料液酸度增高，给出了本实验条件下铕的电还原动力学经验方程。     

硝基苯的电还原特性研究

采用准稳态极化、循环伏安、线性扫描和恒电位阶跃等测试方法,对Ｈ２ＳＯ４溶液中硝基苯的电还原特性进行研究,评价了硝基苯在Ｃｕ、Ｃｕ－Ｈｇ和Ｃｕ－Ｎｉ电极的电还原反应活性,研究了硝基苯电还原为ＰＡＰ的中间步骤,并对反应机理进行了探讨。结果表明,硝基苯在酸性介质中的电还原反应存在中间步骤,并伴有反应物吸附现象,硝基苯电还原反应受硝基苯及其还原产物在溶液中的液相传质步骤控制．     

全氟萘烷的化学还原与电化学还原

全氟碳化合物 ( PFCs)是分子中与碳原子相连的氢 (官能团中的除外 )全部被氟原子取代的有机氟化合物 .由于氟元素的电负性最大 ,所以 C— F键的键能很大 ( 4 80～ 5 30 k J/mol) ;PFCs与相应的碳氢化合物相比 ,C— F键的键长 ( 0 .1 3nm)与 C— H键的键长 ( 0 .1 nm)接近 ,而且氟原子的范德华半径( 0 .1 5 nm)与氢原子的范德华半径 ( 0 .1 2 nm)也非常接近 ,所以当碳氢化合物中的氢原子被氟原子取代而形成全氟碳化合物后 ,结构上不会发生太大的变化 [1] ;但是全氟碳化合物的物理化学性质与原来碳氢化合物的物理化学性质有显著差异 ,表…     

电极液酸度及稀土浓度对硫酸体系电解还原提纯镱的影响

研究了在硫酸体系中,采用钌铱钛合金网为阳极,金属汞为阴极,在无惰性气氛的保护下,尝试电解还原镱,在诸多电极条件实验中着重研究了阳极液酸度、阴极液酸度以及料液浓度变化时电流、目标离子的还原率等电解还原过程的变化。研究表明,当阳极液酸度为2.0 mol.L-1,阴极液pH=0.3,阴极液稀土料液浓度为0.5 mol.L-1时,镱的还原率可达95%以上,硫酸镱纯度达到99%以上,稀土总回收率高于99%。     

钌(Ⅱ)聚邻菲咯啉化合物的电化学行为及其对亚硝酸根的电催化作用

讨论了钌(Ⅱ)聚邻菲咯啉化合物[Ru(phen)2dppz]2 (phen=1,10 菲咯啉,dppz=吡啶并[3,2-a:2′,3′-c]吩嗪)的电化学行为,在pH1.8的H2SO4底液中,该化合物在裸玻碳电极上有一对可逆峰,峰电位分别在-0.161V和-0.195V(vs.SCE)。用单阶跃计时库仑法测得在玻碳电极上的最大吸附量Γmax为7.84×10-11mol cm2,吸附系数β0为7.90×105L mol,在电极上的吸附行为符合Langmiur吸附等温式。实验过程中发现该化合物对亚硝酸根的还原起催化作用,并对其催化机理进行了研究。     

悬浮液中制备电解MnO2

电解MnO_2(EMD)是制造锌锰干电池的基本原料,它的放电性能比较好。在使用金属钛作电解阳极时,为获得性能良好的MnO_2和防止金属钛表面钝化,电解电流密度一般在0.6A/dm~2以下。为提高电流密度,Misawa等进行了新的溶液体系研究。本工作用化学     

溶液电导率的绝对测量方法

概括论述了三种溶液电导率绝对测量方法：基于精确测量电导池几何参数的测量方法、基于电容测量的溶液电导率测量方法和基于Van Der Pauw方法的溶液电导率测量方法。前一种方法用于许多国家的溶液电导率基准测量,后两种方法可发展为溶液电导率测量的基;住方法。     

乙二醇在电解银表面的氧化

用超高真空程序升温反应谱和瞬时应答方法研究了乙二醇在电解银表面的氧化，实验表明，室温下乙二醇吸附在电解银表面，并在３４３Ｋ分解给出一组产物群，预吸附氧与乙二醇反应时，在３４３Ｋ，４３３Ｋ和６１２Ｋ处给出三组产物群，它们分别对应于不同的表面反应，并给出了电解银催化乙二醇制乙二醛的活性结果。     

电解溶样--黄铜的ICP-AES分析

用单室电解池恒电流电解法溶解黄铜，使基体铜在铂阴极上沉积并用电重量法测定，用阴离子交换树脂吸附基体锌并用络合滴定法测定，消除了基体对ICP-AES测定杂质和微量合金元素的影响，延长了雾化器和石英炬管的使用寿命。用Faraday定律计算电溶解样品的质量（m=kIt）。应用此法测定了黄铜中铜、锌、锡、锑、铋、铁、磷与标准值一致，加标回收率为90％～108％。     

火焰原子吸收光谱法测定电解锰电解液中铁钴镍

在标准溶中加入匹配的硫酸铵和硫酸锰溶液,用氨水调节ＰＨ至中性后,用火焰原子吸收光谱法直接测定电解锰电解液中铁、钴和镍含量,获得了满意的效果,其倍比试验,标准曲线法、标准加入法结果相吻合,样品加标回收率为９４．８％－１０６．４％,相对标准偏差为２．１％－３．１％。方法简便、快速,运用于工厂快速分析。     

石墨－AlCl_3的熔盐电解合成及电化学性能

石墨－ＡｌＣｌ_３的熔盐电解合成及电化学性能房艳，康永峰，葛芹，余世英（中国科学院青海盐湖研究所，西宁８１０００８）关键词：石墨插入化合物，电解合成，阴极材料自六十年代以来，随着石里扬人化合物（ＧＩＣ）材料在超导体、催化剂、高能量密度电池和有机反应试?..     

电解二氧化锰的掺钛研究

在硫酸锰和氯化锰体系中加入浓度相同的钛(Ⅲ)盐，可制得掺钛量不同的电解二氧化锰(EMD)。BET比表面积测定、X光电子能谱、红外光谱分析、阴极电位扫描和恒电流放电实验表明：掺钛EMD的空腔内表面积变大，钛离子在EMD颗粒表层被大大富集。掺进的TiO₂进入EMD的晶格，钛使得Mn-O键强度下降。含钛量为0.25～0.4%的EMD(化学式为MnO_x)在碱液中放电时，当x>1.80，钛对MnO_x放电无明显的影响；当x>1.75，且放电深度为放电的第一步时，钛使EMD的放电极化变小。     

KINETIC STUDIES OF THE REDUCTION OF CHLOROMANGANESE PORPHYRIN

Abstract

The reduction of manganese(III) porphyrins by hydrazine (L) was investigated by stopped-flow techniques. The mechanism of the reaction has been proposed based on the experimental results; the relationship between pseudo-first-order rate constants with the concentration of L. Calculated activation parameters showed that the pre-equilibrium step was exothermic and the reduction step endothermic. Substituent effects in the phenyl rings on the two steps have been examined.     

单室电解法溶解黄铜并测定锌铁铅磷锑铋

用无隔膜的单室电解池作采样器,电解法采集黄铜样品,由Faraday定律计算采样质量,测定其中的锌、铁、铅、磷、锑、铋。测定结果与酸溶法一致。文中讨论了采样原理、电解质及电解电流的选择。     

青蒿素的锂铝氢还原

青蒿素在温和条件下进行锂铝氢还原时,除得到彻底还原的产物外,还生成部分还原的邻位羟基内醚。在剧烈的反应条件下则全部是彻底还原的产物。通过进一步的化学反应和相应的物理数据确定了上述两个反应产物的化学结构。