时效工艺对2519A铝合金力学性能及抗应力腐蚀开裂性能的影响

通过常温拉伸实验、慢应变拉伸应力腐蚀实验、极化曲线测试及透射电镜等研究了不同时效工艺对2519A合金的力学性能和抗应力腐蚀开裂性能的影响.结果表明:与传统的2519A-T87合金相比,再时效时间为19 h的2519A-T9I7合金同时具有优异的力学性能和良好的抗应力腐蚀开裂性能.这是由于2519A-T9I7合金在T9I...     

垂直晶界和倾斜晶界Cu双晶的疲劳开裂行为及其机制

用扫描电镜（ＳＥＭ）研究了一种垂直晶界和两种倾斜晶界Ｃｕ双晶的疲劳开裂行为及其机制。这三种双晶组元晶体的取向均为「１３４」。结果表明,沿晶界的疲劳开裂是Ｃｕ双晶疲劳破坏的主要形式,但垂直晶界和倾斜晶界双晶疲劳裂纹萌生的机制有所不同。垂直晶界双晶沿晶疲劳裂纹主要由驻留滑移带撞击晶界面产生,而倾斜晶界双晶疲劳裂纹的萌生是由晶界两侧晶粒的滑移台阶而引起的应力集中所致。造成这种差别的原因同两种双晶的活动滑     

晶界滑移对镍基合金失延开裂的影响

为了研究镍基合金焊材FM-52M的高温失延裂纹(DDC),采用改进的应变-裂纹(STF)实验方法,提出新的裂纹敏感性判据——晶界滑移量。并将之与裂纹数量相结合定量评估不同温度、不同变形量条件下材料的DDC敏感性。结果表明:本研究中所得到的材料临界变形量6%大于传统STF方法得到的4%的临界变形量。预热处理、峰值温度、变形速率等条件都能显著影响DDC的敏感性。此外,利用显微硬度标记了许多微区,并对实验前后的微区进行了SEM观察,探讨晶界滑移与析出物在DDC的萌生与扩展过程中的作用。     

晶界状态对定向凝固Al—Cu和Renel25合金热裂倾向的影响

在ＨＲＳ定向凝固设备上进行了合金热裂试验,采用半定量方法评定了定向凝固Ａｌ－Ｃｕ和Ｒｅｎｅｌ２５合金热裂倾向。观察了合金的晶界,并分析讨论了其对合金热裂的影响。用晶界状态分析的结果与试验结果完全一致。证明了晶界状态对热裂纹的形成有重要影响,其影响包括对晶间结合力的破坏作用和对晶界凝固收缩的补偿作用。晶界状态对热裂影响的综合作用取决于晶界低熔点相的分布和数量。     

金属材料疲劳损伤的界面效应

总结了不同金属材料在低周疲劳过程中典型的晶界、孪晶界、相界和微电子互连界面的损伤开裂行为. 纯Cu中疲劳裂纹萌生的难易顺序为: 小角度晶界、驻留滑移带和大角度晶界. 对于纯Cu与铜合金中退火孪晶界, 是否萌生疲劳裂纹与合金成分有关, 随合金元素的加入降低了层错能, 退火孪晶界相对容易萌生疲劳裂纹. 对于Cu--Ag二元合金, 由于存在不同的晶界和相界面, 是否萌生疲劳裂纹取决于界面两侧晶体的取向差, 通常两侧取向差大的界面容易萌生疲劳裂纹. 在微电子互连界面中, 疲劳裂纹萌生位置与焊料成分和时效时间有关,对于Sn--Ag/Cu互连界面, 疲劳裂纹通常沿焊料与界面化合物结合处萌生; 对于Sn--Bi/Cu互连界面, 随时效时间增加会出现明显的由于Bi元素偏聚造成的界面脆性.     

Reappraisal of grain boundary diffusion creep equations for nanocrystalline materials

Grain boundary diffusion creep equations developed previously for nanocrystalline materials were reappraised in order to elicit further understanding of plastic deformation of these materials in relation to grain boundary diffusion. From a mechanistic viewpoint, the strain rate is inversely proportional to the second power of the grain size when the grain size is refined to the same order of the grain boundary thickness. The presence of the threshold stress appears to be inherent, as a relatively large volume fraction of the grain boundary region is associated with irregularities.     

显微组织对贝氏体高强度钢冲击性能的影响

对比两组冲击吸收能量差别较大的贝氏体高强钢试样,采用光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜SEM结合电子背散射衍射(EBSD)分析了显微结构对钢的冲击性能的影响。结果表明,钢基体中存在尺寸在3~6μm的(Ti,Nb)(N,C)析出物导致脆断断裂。冲击吸收能量偏低试样在厚度的1/4和1/2处平均有效晶粒尺寸都明显大于冲击吸收能量较高试样,会导致材料的冲击性能降低。同时冲击吸收能量偏低试样的小角度晶界所占比例明显偏高,而在断裂过程中不能有效阻止裂纹扩展,因此也会导致钢的冲击性能降低。     

Effect of grain boundary ferrite on susceptibility to cold cracking in high-strength weld metal

Due to the practical limitations of lowering the diffusible hydrogen content of flux-containing welding consumables, it is now felt that modification of the weld microstructure would alleviate the risk of weld metal cracking in multi-pass weld deposits. Thus, this study aimed to identify and evaluate the effect of the weld microstructure on the cold cracking susceptibility of FCAW weld metals and then to provide a basic guideline for designing new welding consumables from a microstructural point of view. In order to identify the parameter(s) that can quantify the microstructural susceptibility of multi-pass weld deposit, two sets of FCAW wires with tensile strength of about 600 MPa were prepared by controlling the Ni content to allow sufficient variation in the weld microstructure, but with little change in weld metal strength. The cold crack susceptibility of those two chemistries was evaluated by a multi-pass weld metal cracking test at various levels of diffusible hydrogen content. All of the cold cracks developed were Chevron-type, and the occurrence of such cracks depended upon the proportion of grain boundary ferrite (%GF) as well as the diffusible hydrogen (HD) content. In fact, at the same level of HD, higher Ni (1.5%Ni) wire showed better resistance to cold cracking than lower Ni (0%Ni) wire even though the latter was stronger and also higher in carbon equivalent. This result could be explained solely by the difference in grain boundary ferrite content between those two welds since Chevron cracking preferentially initiates at and propagates along grain boundary ferrite. Therefore, we propose the use of a value of %GF as a parameter to quantify the microstructural susceptibility of ferritic multipass weld deposit with a strength level of about 600 MPa. It was further suggested that, in addition to the hydrogen control approach, microstructural modification in the form of reducing the %GF can be pursued to develop welding consumables with improved resistance to cold cracking.     

IMPROVEMENT ON SUSCEPTIBILITY OF ULTAR-HIGH STRENGTH STEEL TO STRESS CORROSION CRACKING BY HIGH TEMPERATURE QUENCHING

The effect of quenching temperature on the stress corrosion cracking of 30Cr3SiNiMoVultra-high strength steel in 3.5% NaCl aqueous solution has been studied.The thresholdK_(ISCC) may continuously increase with the quenching temperature raised from 870 to 1200℃ .All of the fractures are intergranular.The analyses of the segregation along prior austeniticgrain boundaries,grain size and other microstructural factors reveal that the inereaseof K_(ISCC) is mainly due to the coarsening of prior austenitic grains.     

稀土对Ni9铸钢晶界裂纹倾向的影响SCIEI

Ni9铸钢晶界裂纹的形成主要与晶界偏聚杂质元素H,S,P有关;添加稀土后,消除了杂质元素H,S,P在晶界的偏聚,加强了晶界结合力,使晶界裂纹倾向明显降低。     

高温淬火改善超高强度钢应力腐蚀断裂抗力的研究

研究了淬火温度对30Cr3SiNiMoV超高强度钢在3.5%NaCl水溶液中的应力腐蚀断裂的影响。淬火温度从870℃升高到1200℃时,应力腐蚀断裂门槛值K_(ISCC)不断升高,均为沿晶断裂。对原奥氏体晶界偏聚、晶粒尺寸等微观因素的分析表明,该钢K_(ISCC)升高的主要原因是原奥氏体晶粒尺寸的增大。     

层间温度对690MPa级HSLA钢熔敷金属裂纹扩展功的影响

对层间温度分别在80,200℃的690MPa级HSLA钢熔敷金属进行了示波冲击试验,通过金相显微镜（OM）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和电子背散射衍射（EBSD）分析手段,并结合载荷一位移曲线,对阻碍裂纹扩展的因素进行了探讨．结果表明,层间温度为80,200℃时,冲击吸收功分别为103．9,63．2J,裂纹形成功和扩展功分别相差6．7,34J．扩展功不同是造成冲击吸收功差异的主要原因．对裂纹扩展阶段研究表明,层间温度为80,200℃时,纤维区扩展的最大距离分别为1．68,0．6mm;二者晶状区断口都以准解理为主,但在层间温度为80qC时,除准解理外还发现了韧窝带,说明裂纹在层间温度为80℃的熔敷金属中扩展的阻碍较大．导致扩展功不同的主要因素是大角度晶界的数量和晶界位相差在55°～60°之间比例的不同．     

Ca对60CrMnCuV钢中硫的晶界偏聚及冲击韧性的影响

本文研究了微量Ｃａ对６０ＣｒＭｎＣｕＶ钢回火马氏体室瘟冲击的影响，并用Ａｕｇｅｒ能谱分析了沿晶口表面的Ｃａ及其它元素含量。结果表明，微量Ｃａ明显提高６０ＣｒＭｎＣｕＶ钢回火马氏的室温击韧性。Ａｕｇｅｒ能谱分析表明，Ｃａ在奥氏体晶界有明显的偏聚，促进Ｃｒ的偏聚，抑制硫的晶偏聚。认为Ｃａ抑制硫的晶界偏聚作用是韧化的重要原因。     

晶界对全片层组织γ—TiAl合金断裂韧性的影响

为了深入研究晶界对全片层组织TiAl基合金断裂韧性的影响，采用SEM原位拉伸实验，对全片层和近全片层Ti-46．5Al-2．OCr-1．5Nb-1．0V合金中裂纹的扩展进行了观测。发现晶界对全片层组织TiAl合金断裂韧性的影响表现在改变裂纹扩展方向以及影响韧带的尺寸上。并得出结论：全片层组织γ-TiAl合金的断裂韧性来源于基体的断裂韧性、片层晶界导致的韧性增强以及片层导致的韧带增韧。     

时效对JN1奥氏体钢超低温断裂韧度的影响

ＪＮ１ 奥氏体钢１３４８Ｋ固溶处理与９２３ 、９７３ 、１０７３Ｋ 时效５ｈ 后,４Ｋ 及７７Ｋ 断裂韧度测定结果表明,该钢有明显的时效脆化倾向。组织观察及Ｘ 射线衍射结果确认,时效脆化是Ｍ２３Ｃ６ 型碳化物沿晶界及退火孪晶界析出造成的。     

304不锈钢焊接管开裂原因分析

利用光学显微镜(OM)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、能谱仪(EDX)和显微维氏硬度计对某开裂的不锈钢焊接管进行了失效原因分析。结果表明,该不锈钢管局部补焊区域存在残余应力,补焊造成附近组织晶界敏化,协同环境中存在S离子和Cl离子等腐蚀性介质,故在补焊位置发生应力腐蚀沿晶开裂。     

Cleavage nature,electrokinetics,aggregation and dispersion of kaolinite

1　INTRODUCTIONKaoliniteiscurrentlyusedinceramics ,papermanufacturing ,medicalapplications ,agriculturalchemicals ,chemicalengineering ,refractorymaterialanddefenseindustrybecausekaolinitehasmanyhighprocessingpropertiesasanindustrialmineralduetoitssurfaceproperties[1,2 ] .Inreverseflotationofdi asporicbauxite ,whichisveryimportantforthein dustryofaluminumoxideproduction ,kaoliniteisneededtoberemoved .Therefore ,Itisusefultoun derstandthecrystalstructure ,cleavagenature ,sur faceelectrokin…     

Effect of weld metal microstructures on cold crack susceptibility of FCAW weld metal

The effect of microstructures on weld metal cold cracking has been studied using flux-cored are welding (FCAW) wires with a 600 MPa strength level. Two FCAW wires were prepared by controlling the Ni content to allow a sufficient variation in weld microstructures, but with little change in the weld metal strength. The microstructural analysis showed that there was a significant difference in the proportions of the microstructural constituents of the weld microstructure. The 1.5%Ni wire resulted in a weld microstructure with a lower grain boundary ferrite (GF) content associated with an increased proportion of acicular ferrite (AF) than the 0% Ni wire. The GF contents of 0%Ni and 1.5%Ni weld metal were measured to be 19% and 6%, respectively. The cold crack susceptibility of these two FCAW wires was evaluated using the gapped bead-on-plate (G-BOP) test at the two different levels of diffusible hydrogen content As a result of the G-BOP tests, it was demonstrated that the 1.5%Ni wire had better resistance to cold cracking than the 0% Ni wire because its weld deposit had a lower GF phase content. This implies that, in addition to the hydrogen control approach, microstructural modification can be pursued to develop new welding consumables with an improved resistance to cold cracking. In the discussion, the detrimental effect of GF against cold cracking is addressed based on the microstructural characteristics of cold cracks in ferritic weld metal.     

晶界网络特征对304不锈钢晶间应力腐蚀开裂的影响

通过晶界工程(GBE)处理,可使304不锈钢样品中的低∑CSL晶界比例提高到70%(Palumbo Aust标准)以上,同时形成了大尺寸的互有∑3~n取向关系晶粒的团簇显微组织.采用C型环样品恒定加载方法,在pH值为2.0的沸腾20%NaCl酸化溶液中进行应力腐蚀实验.GBE样品在平均浸泡472 h后出现应力腐蚀裂纹,SEM,EBSD和OM分析表明,应力腐蚀开裂(SCC)为沿晶开裂(IGSCC)和穿晶开裂(TGSCC)的混合型.而未经GBE处理的样品在平均浸泡192h后出现多条应力腐蚀主裂纹,且多为沿晶界裂纹.经过GBE处理的样品中大尺寸的晶粒团簇及大量相互连接的∑3-∑3-∑9和∑3-∑9-∑27等∑3~n类型的三叉界角,阻碍了IGSCC裂纹的扩展,从而提高了304不锈钢样品的抗IGSCC性能