焦炉工职业性多环芳烃暴露特征的研究

目的 探讨焦炉工职业性多环芳烃暴露特征。方法 个体采样、高效液相色谱法测定作业环境中多环芳烃含量,以分析焦炉工职业暴露特征,并引入毒性当量因子概念,评价焦炉工职业性多环芳烃暴露的致癌潜能。结果 焦化厂炉顶工多环芳烃职业暴露水平明显高于炉侧工和炉底工,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);焦炉工多环芳烃职业暴露中非致癌性物质所占比例>70％,致癌性物质中苯并(a)芘(B[a]Py)占总B[a]Py等当量浓度的65.5％-72.4％;多环芳烃职业暴露总量和B[a]Py及芘含量呈正相关(r2分别为0.84和0.94,P<0.05)。结论 焦炉工职业性多环芳烃暴露水平较高且具有一定的致癌潜能,致癌性物质以B[a]Py为主。     

多环芳烃暴露与外周血淋巴细胞核质桥和核芽的关系研究

目的 寻找评价多环芳烃致外周血淋巴细胞遗传物质损伤的新的效应性生物标志物.方法 采集158名焦炉工和69名非多环芳烃暴露者肘静脉血1 ml,应用外周血淋巴细胞胞质分裂阻滞微核法制备涂片,计数核质桥和核芽发生率,评价外周血淋巴细胞的染色体损伤水平;收集研究对象的职业史、年龄、性别、吸烟和饮酒等信息.结果 焦炉工外周血淋巴细胞核质桥率为(9.41±3.73)‰,高于对照组的(1.88±1.49)‰,差异有统计学意义(t=-16.2,P＜0.01);其核芽率为(7.13±4.01)‰,与对照组[(2.20 4-1.73)‰]相比差异有统计学意义(t=-9.79,P＜0.001).发现核质桥和核芽率与多环芳烃暴露等级具有剂量.效应关系.与男性焦炉工相比,女性焦炉工具有较少的核质桥[(7.14 4-3.04)‰比(9.63±3.73)‰,t=-2.62,P=0.01]和核芽[(4.71±2.73)‰比(7.36±4.05)‰,t=-2.33,P=0.02]发生率.未发现年龄、吸烟和饮酒等对焦炉工的核质桥和核芽率的影响.结论 多环芳烃可致暴露工人染色体损伤增加,核质桥和核芽可以作为焦炉工染色体损伤的效应性生物标志物.     

太原市和长治市孕妇多环芳烃暴露与新生儿神经行为发育的研究

目的 分析太原市和长治市空气中多环芳烃的含量和新生儿神经行为发育检查(NBNA)得分,探讨孕妇呼吸含多环芳烃的空气对新生儿神经行为发育的影响.方法 应用高效液相色谱法测定2009年11月至2010年5月长治市和太原市合作医院空气中多环芳烃含量、同期在合作医院生产的297名孕妇的尿中1-羟基芘含量,应用NBNA法测定新生儿神经行为发育情况,对两地空气中多环芳烃含量、孕妇尿中1-羟基芘含量和NBNA得分进行比较.结果 太原市和长治市空气中芘、苯并[a]蒽、屈、苯并[a]芘、二苯并蒽含量的差异有统计学意义(P＜0.10).太原合作医院孕妇的尿中1-羟基芘含量中位数为1.140 μg/mmol Cr(P5为0.457 μg/mmol Cr,P75为2.678 μg/mmol Cr),长治合作医院孕妇的尿中1-羟基芘含量中位数为0.761 μg/mmol Cr(P25为0.133 μg/mmol Cr,P75为2.095 μg/mmol Cr),两地合作医院孕妇尿中1-羟基芘含量的差异有统计学意义(t=-3.140,P=0.002).太原市和长治市新生儿NBNA总分、行为能力得分、被动肌张力得分、主动肌张力得分和一般估价得分比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.10).NBNA得分及单项得分与孕妇尿中1-羟基芘含量有负相关关系.结论 妇女孕期呼吸含多环芳烃的空气对新生儿神经行为发育有不良影响.     

长期职业性噪声暴露与外周血细胞端粒长度的相关性研究

目的探讨长期职业性噪声暴露与外周血细胞端粒相对长度(relative telomere length,RTL)的相关性。方法选择某石化企业工龄≥4 a且个体噪声暴露40 h等效声级(L_EX,周)≥80 dB(A)的52名男性工人作为研究对象的暴露组,(L_EX,周)<80 dB(A)的50名男性工人作为对照组。通过问卷调查和健康检查获得研究对象的一般情况、职业史和血常规检测结果,应用荧光定量PCR法检测研究对象的RTL,采用广义线形回归法分析职业暴露噪声强度与RTL的相关性。结果噪声暴露组和对照组工人除年龄和工龄外,在吸烟、饮酒人数、体质量指数(body mass index,BMI)、血常规以及苯系物累积暴露水平等方面差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组工人RTL的检测值呈偏态分布,以中位数(四分位数)表示,分别为暴露组1.31(1.16,1.55)和对照组1.34(1.22,1.63),经广义线性多元回归法校正影响因素后显示两组差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。按(L_EX,周)是否大于85 dB(...     

胎儿宫内多环芳烃暴露水平及其母婴暴露关系研究

目的了解胎儿宫内多环芳烃(PAHs)暴露水平,并探讨母婴暴露关系。方法于2006年10月至2008年1月在太原市两所二级甲等医院中随机调查符合条件的347名孕产妇,进行流行病学调查和生物样品的收集,其中母婴匹配的有271对用于本次分析。采用改进的高效液相色谱法测定母亲外周静脉血及新生儿脐带血中7种PAHs水平。结果可供检测的271对血清样本中,芘及苯并(a)蒽的检出率分别为母90.94%和脐79.34%;母95.97%和脐85.03%,其余4种致癌性PAHs的检出率均在50%～70%左右。脐带血苯并(k)荧蒽(P=0.002)、苯并(a)芘(P=0.002)、二苯并(a,h)蒽(P<0.001)水平均高于母血清,差异有统计学意义。此外,新生儿血清中苯并(b)荧蒽浓度要稍高于母亲,但差异没有统计学意义(P=0.075)。结论新生儿脐带血中可检出多种致癌性多环芳烃,并且脐带血中PAHs水平与母体相当甚至高于母体水平。     

多环芳烃接触工人外周血全基因组DNA端粒长度与代谢相关基因多态性的关系

目的 探讨多环芳烃(polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons,PAHs)接触工人外周血全基因组DNA的端粒长度与PAHs代谢相关基因多态性的关系.方法 选取145名焦炉作业工人(接触组)和68名无职业性PAHs及射线接触的医务人员(对照组)作为调查对象.测定尿中1-羟基芘(1-hydroxypyrene,1-OHP)水平反映PAHs接触内剂量,采用实时定量PCR的方法,测定研究对象外周血全基因组DNA的相对端粒长度(RTL),采用基于PCR的方法进行PAHs代谢相关基因多态性分析.结果 与对照组(1.43+1.06)相比,PAHs接触组的RTL(1.10±0.75)明显缩短,差异有统计学意义(P=0.026).校正了性别、年龄、每日吸烟量和尿中1-OHP后,接触组CYP1A1基因3801 T>C位点CT基因型个体RTL(1.25±0.93)长于TT基因型(0.93±0.51),差异有统计学意义(P=0.043);mEH基因Tyr113His位点Tyr/His基因型个体RTL(0.90±0.58)短于Tyr/Tyr基因型(1.24±0.90),差异有统计学意义(P=0.043);AHR基因rs10250822位点CT基因型个体RTL(1.02±0.64)短于CC基因型个体(1.36±1.14),差异有统计学意义(P=0.044);AHR基因m10247158位点AT基因型个体RTL(0.93±0.54)短于AA基因型(1.19±0.84),差异有统计学意义(P=0.047).结论 接触PAHs可以引起接触工人外周血全基因组DNA RTL缩短,在PAHs接触工人中,CYP1A1、mEH、AHR基因多态性可能是影响外周血全基因组DNA RTL的遗传因素之一.

Abstract：

Objective To investigate the association between the polymorphisms of metabolic genes and telomere length of genomic DNA in peripheral blood of workers exposed to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs).Methods One hundred and forty five coke-oven workers exposed to PAHs and sixty eight non-exposed medical staffs were recruited in this study.Urinary 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHP) served as the internal exposure dose of PAHs for all subjects.Relative telomere length (RTL) of genomic DNA in peripheral blood was used as telomere length and measured by real-time PCR.Polymorphisms of metabolic genes were detected by PCR-based methods.Results Compared with control group,the exposure group shown a decreased RTL (1.10±0.75 vs 1.43±1.06,P<0.05).In the coke-oven workers,after adjusting the sex,age,cigarettes per day and urinary 1-OHP,RTL (1.25±0.93) of workers with CT genotype at the CYP1A1 3801 T>C was significantly longer than that (0.93±0.51) of workers with TT genotype (P<0.05).RTL (0.90±0.58) of individuals with the Tyr/His genotype at mEH Tyr113His was significantly shorter than that (1.24±0.90) of individuals with the Tyr/Tyr genotype (P<0.05).RTL (1.02±0.64) of individuals with the CT genotype at AHR rs 10250822 was significantly shorter than that (1.36+1.14) of individuals with the CC genotype (P<0.05 ).RTL (0.93±0.54) of individuals with the AT genotype at AHR rs10247158 was significantly shorter than that (1.19±0.84) of individuals with the AA genotype (P<0.05).Conclusion The results of present study suggested that PAHs exposure could induce the shorted RTL,CYP1A1,mEH,AHR polymorphisms might influence the change of telomere length of genomic DNA in peripheral blood of workers exposed to PAHs.     

硼的职业性暴露

本文通过硼的职业性暴露（短期刺激效应、对男性生育力及其它长期健康影响），评述了硼对人体健康的有害作用。     

铝的职业性暴露

本文阐述铝及其化合物对从事此类职业的工人的影响。     

职业多环芳烃暴露人群尿中生物标志物浓度水平

多环芳烃类化学物质因为其被熟知的致癌性而一直备受关注, 近来越来越多的学者意识到单一的接触生物标志物并不能完全代表暴露者体内的暴露水平。本研究就1999年以后15年间报道的职业环境中接触多环芳烃类物质的工人尿中接触生物标志物进行综述, 重点对其浓度水平进行描述, 为职业环境中多环芳烃类化学物质暴露的生物学检测提供理论依据。     

多环芳烃暴露生物标志物的研究进展

多环芳烃(PAHs)是广泛分布在环境中的复杂混合物,其中一些PAHs具有致癌性.对于生物标志物的研究有利于说明人类暴露于此类致癌物质时健康风险的性质及程度.该文就目前所应用的PAHs生物标志物进行了分类说明,并对用于人类暴露PAHs的生物标志物研究进展进行了综述,指出不同生物标志物所具备的优缺点,并对未来的发展趋势进行...     

Cancer risk due to occupational exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) demonstrate carcinogenic activity in animal models. Although some epidemiologic studies have implicated PAHs as risk factors for human cancer, the evidence reported to date has not been consistent. The purpose of this report is to describe the associations between occupational exposure to PAHs in the workplace and each of 14 types of cancer. A population-based, case-control study was carried out in Montreal to investigate associations between a large variety of environmental and occupational exposures on the one hand, and several types of cancer on the other. A detailed job history was obtained from each subject along with information on a number of potential confounders. Each job history was reviewed by a team of experts, who used this information to construct a corresponding history of occupational exposures. Among the PAH exposures considered were benzo(a)pyrene (B(a)P) and five categories of PAHs defined on the basis of the source material, namely, wood, petroleum, coal, other sources, and any source. Altogether, 3,730 cancer patients and 533 population controls were interviewed and their job exposure histories coded. For each of 14 types of cancer analyzed, three control groups were available: other cancer patients, population controls, and the pooled set of cancer and population controls. The associations between 14 cancer types and 6 PAH exposures were analyzed using logistic regression methods. For most types of cancer evaluated, there was no evidence of excess risk due to PAHs at the levels encountered in the occupations in which PAH exposure has been prevalent in the Montreal area. For a few cancer sites–the esophagus, the pancreas, and the prostate gland–there were suggestions of excess risk; these observations are noteworthy hypotheses for further investigation. For lung cancer, there appeared to be an increased risk due to PAHs among nonsmokers and light smokers, but not among heavy smokers.     

Exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in occupational versus urban environmental air

To evaluate the balance between occupational and environmental exposure to suspended particulate matter (SPM) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), comparison measurements were performed in a coal-fired power plant and the urban atmosphere from the town nearby. Methods: The analysis of SPM for PAH content was done according to a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)-based method. The microscopic assessment was performed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) by silver coverage of the samples derived by air filter. Results: Contrary to expectations, the results showed low levels of particle-bound PAHs in the occupational environment (<1 ng benzo(a)pyrene/m³ air) and high levels in urban air (range 80–1250 ng benzo(a)pyrene/m³). The SPM collected from the power plant exhibited non-respirable characteristics (particles larger than 10 μm), whereas urban SPM almost exclusively contained respirable airborne particles (<3 μm). Conclusions: The PAH burden, combined with the enhanced probability of respiratory absorption, confers a much greater hazard potential to the urban SPM. Under these conditions, in areas or countries in which old technologies remain in use, occupational exposure to SPM containing PAHs might represent a severe underestimation of the total risk as it does not take into account the background air pollution. Received: 6 December 1997 / Accepted: 12 June 1998     

Relationship between blood antioxidants and occupational exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in coke oven workers

Background We investigated if blood Cu⁺⁺/Zn⁺⁺ superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase activities are increased and total plasma antioxidant concentration is decreased in coke oven workers exposed to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Methods Ninety-six coke oven workers participated in the study. Nonexposed workers (n = 105) were randomly sampled among power plant workers in the same age range. The examination included a questionnaire on health status, occupational history, smoking, and dietary habits. Blood samples completed the examination. Coke oven workers were classified into low-, middle-, and high-exposure groups based on the benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) air concentrations and were further classified into the categories “topside” and “non-topside,” according to their proximity to the ovens. Results Erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase activity increased with age (r = 0.18, P = 0.061) in power plant workers, whereas plasma glutathione peroxidase activity decreased with age (r = −0.18, P = 0.068) and erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase activity was inversely correlated with the number of cigarettes per day (r = −0.28, P = 0.08) in coke oven workers. Comparison of blood antioxidant enzyme activities and total plasma antioxidant concentration between coke oven and power plant workers showed that erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase activity was significantly lower in coke oven workers, even after adjustment for potential confounding factors. No differences were found either in other blood antioxidant enzyme activities or in total plasma antioxidant concentration between coke oven and power plant workers. Moreover, no trends toward decreased glutathione peroxidase activity among the three subgroups of B[a]P exposure were observed, and no differences either in blood antioxidant enzyme activities or in total plasma antioxidant concentration between the two groups of job categories were found. Conclusions Production of reactive oxygen species seems not to be increased in coke oven workers. Am. J. Ind. Med. 34:272–279, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Monitoring of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in seafoods from Lake Timsah

Concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrpcarvons (PAHs) in some seafoods caught from Lake Timsah were determined. The tested samples were tilapia fish (Oreochromis aureus), crabs (Portuns pelagicus), bivalves (Venerupis decussata), clams (Strombus tricornis) and gastropods (Munes Sp.). Where these seafoods are locally and favorite consumed foods in the area around the lake (Ismailia governorate). Results showed that crabs contained significantly higher concentrations of both total and carcinogenic PAHs ranging from 1318.6 to 3767.4 and 1230.3 to 3442.2 microg kg(-1), respectively. Meanwhile, clams contained significantly lower levels with mean value of 28.4 microg kg(-1) for total and 24.4 microg kg(-1) for carcinogenic PAHs. The most frequently detected PAHs in the tested samples were indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene followed by benzo(a)pyrene, dibenzo(a,h)anthracene, and benzo(b)fluoranthene which are characterized as carcinogenic compounds.     

职业暴露和吸烟对焦炉工肺通气功能的影响

目的　研究职业暴露和吸烟对焦炉作业工人肺通气功能的影响。方法　对某焦化厂各炉炉顶、炉侧以及炉底进行环境有害物的监测;对2 34名焦炉作业工人进行吸烟指数的调查和肺通气功能测定。结果　焦炉作业环境有害物浓度呈炉顶>炉侧>炉底的趋势;吸烟的焦炉作业工人标化第一秒最大呼气量(FEV1,90 .8%±8.6 % )与第一秒最大呼气率(FEV1% ,95 .4 %±12 .4 % )均明显低于不吸烟组(10 0 .9%±14 .3%、10 8.9%±17.6 % ) ;吸烟的焦炉作业工人的标化最大肺活量(FVC)与职业接触苯溶物、苯并[a]芘和吸烟指数的偏相关系数分别为- 0 .2 4 9、- 0 .187和- 0 .36 8,FEV1与三者的偏相关系数分别为- 0 .2 5 5、- 0 .191和- 0 .388,FEV1%与三者的偏相关系数分别为- 0 .131、- 0 .10 7和- 0 .0 6 5 ;不吸烟的焦炉作业工人的FVC、FEV1和FEV1%与职业接触苯溶物的偏相关系数分别为- 0 .15 4、- 0 .0 5 2和- 0 .176 ,与苯并[a]芘的偏相关系数分别为- 0 .12 1、- 0 .0 37和- 0 .15 9。结论　焦炉作业工人肺通气功能与职业接触和吸烟指数均有一定的负相关。     

Environmental exposure of small children to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

Objectives: The aim of the study was to assess the intake (by various routes of exposure) of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) by children living in a Czech city, and its effect on excretion of 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHP) in summer and winter periods. Methods: Four groups of children (3–6 years old) were chosen: (1) two groups from a kindergarten situated in the city center with a higher traffic density (“polluted” area); (2) two groups from a kindergarten situated in a green zone of the same city (“non-polluted” area). Food consumption was recorded in all children and PAH intake from foodstuffs was estimated. Ambient air samples were collected from the playground and inside the kindergartens. Soil samples were collected too. Morning and evening urine samples were collected during sampling days. Results: In both seasons, the mean outdoor total PAH concentration (sum of 12 individual PAH) in the “polluted” area was approximately three-times higher than that in the “non-polluted” area. Indoor concentration in the “polluted” area was more than six-times higher than that in the “non-polluted” area in summer, and almost three-times higher in winter. The same trend was observed for pyrene and for the sum of carcinogenic PAH. The contribution to the total pyrene absorbed dose from food consumption was much more important than that from inhalation and from ingestion of soil dust. Significantly higher urinary concentrations of 1-OHP (evening samples) were found in children from the “polluted” kindergarten in both seasons. The number of significant relationships between 1-OHP and pyrene absorbed dose was weak. Conclusions: Food seems to be the main source of total pyrene and total PAH intake in small children, even under relatively higher air PAH exposure in the city. Estimated pyrene ingestion from soil had a negligible contribution to the total pyrene absorbed dose. Urinary 1-OHP seems to be an uncertain (non-sensitive) marker of the environmental inhalation exposure to pyrene (PAH) if the pollution of air by pyrene (PAH) is not excessive and the pyrene (PAH) dose by this route is much less than by ingestion. Usefulness of the urinary 1-OHP as an indicator of overall environmental exposure to PAH needs further investigation. Received: 18 September 2000 / Accepted: 20 February 2001     

中老年人睡眠与外周血白细胞端粒长度的关联性分析

目的 探索中老年人群睡眠与外周血白细胞端粒长度的关联性,为提倡健康睡眠延缓衰老提供科学依据。方法 使用匹兹堡睡眠质量指数调查表（PSQI）及一般情况调查表,对176名中老年人进行睡眠质量状况调查;采用荧光定量PCR法测量外周血白细胞端粒相对长度,并进行相关和回归分析。结果 外周血白细胞端粒平均长度为（0.995±0.23）T/S,年龄与端粒长度呈负相关（r=-0.241,P=0.003）;睡眠与年龄有关,随着年龄的增加,睡眠质量更差（r=-0.230,P<0.01）、入睡时间更长（r=0.227,P<0.01）、睡眠时间更短（r=-0.486,P<0.01）、睡眠效率更差（r=-0.226,P<0.01）;校正性别、年龄、婚姻、学历、家庭月收入、居住形式、吸烟、饮酒、体育锻炼、基础疾病因素的影响后,线性回归分析显示睡眠时间（β=0.057,P<0.01）、入睡时间（β=-0.046,P<0.01）、睡眠质量（β=0.086,P<0.01）是外周血白细胞端粒长度的独立影响因素,表明睡眠时间越长、入睡时间越短、睡眠质量越好,端粒长度越长。结论 睡眠是影响中老年人群端粒长度的因素,优良的睡眠可能通过减缓端粒长度的缩短延缓衰老,鼓励在社区进行健康睡眠知识的宣教活动,提高睡眠质量。