车辆机械式离合器的模糊控制技术*

车辆电控离合器的起步控制是一个多影响因素、多控制目标、需与发动机协调，且存在本质非线性的复杂控制问题。本文采用模糊控制技术，较好地解决了模型复杂的综合控制。实验结果表明，本文设计的模糊控制器能够解决车辆起步控制问题。     

双离合器自动变速器故障诊断及容错控制

针对双离合器自动变速器的系统组成,应用冗余法、搭建诊断电路法、极值法,制定包括传感器、执行机构、控制器和被控对象在内的故障诊断策略,并开发了车辆行驶状态下的在线综合故障诊断程序.将各故障分为不同等级,提出相应的容错控制方法,使车辆在发生故障时能最大限度地保持继续行驶的能力.最后,对部分典型故障下的双离合器自动变速器起步...     

电容式倾角传感器在底盘悬挂系统中的应用

以P89V51RD2FN单片机为控制核心,采用电容式倾角传感器实时测量车辆底盘的倾斜角,并用光电传感器检测车辆最终运动姿态和车速。光电传感器和倾角传感器将实时测量信号馈送至单片机,并采用增量式PID控制算法确保车辆能够达到平衡。利用CANBUS 2.0将数据传输至车载电脑来达到智能化车姿控制。实验结果表明:系统响应时间快,精度高,性能稳定。     

自主车辆安全系数估计与T形路口避碰规划

针对自主车辆T形路口协作问题,通过测量车辆速度和预碰点距离,提出安全系数估计方法,结合人工势场基本思想,实现车辆路口避碰,提高路口协作效率.首先以计算得到的安全系数为依据,评价驶入T形路口两辆自主车各自的安全程度,并利用人工势场产生的推拉作用估计协作自主车辆的期望控制力和速度.然后将估计的期望车速与反馈的实际车速形成偏差,利用增量型数字PI控制器实现自主车纵向车速的准确控制.最后以一定的策略完成两辆自主车的并线协作.仿真结果验证了基于安全系数估计的自主车辆T形路口协作避碰的可行性与有效性.     

基于GPS与转角检测的车辆操纵性能分析方法

在车辆的日常行驶中,通过操纵运动模型来分析其转向性能是车辆稳定行驶的关键。基本线性二自由模型描述了恒速时,给定转向角输入下,汽车的侧向运动和横摆运动响应。但实际行驶中,车速会随时变化,为了分析变车速下车辆的操纵性能,本文基于实验室已有的GPS和方向盘转角检测系统,测得车辆实际行驶中的车速、转向角和经纬度,然后运用四阶龙格库塔法,求解车辆运动方程在变车速下的侧向速度和横摆角速度响应,解算为车辆的位置信息后,与GPS系统测得的经纬度位置信息进行对比,实车试验结果表明,模型求解的车辆路径和GPS测量的车辆实际路径基本一致,验证了本文方法在分析操纵模型中车速变化时的车辆操纵性能的可行性。     

双离合器自动变速车辆换挡模糊免疫PID控制

双离器式自动变速器车辆的核心与难点是换挡过程离合器重叠控制.针对传统离合器控制系统难以适应系统的非线性和时变等特性,从而影响换挡过程离合器系统精确控制的问题,借鉴生物免疫反馈响应过程的调节作用和模糊逻辑推理的自适应性来实现离合器控制参数自整定,设计了基于模糊免疫PID的离合器控制策略.应用Simulink建立了双离合器式自动变速车辆换挡过程离合器接合数学模型和控制器仿真模型.仿真实验表明,基于模糊免疫算法的PID离合器控制器能更好地提高控制系统的精度和响应速度,并能适应离合器系统参数的变化,较好地提高了双离合器式自动变速器换挡过程的品质.     

基于GPS的车速传感器开发

多种车辆性能试验都需要测量瞬时车速,将广泛应用于定位的GPS技术应用在车速测量上,利用单片机PIC16F877作为控制器的核心,E580OEM模块接收GPS信号,通过软件、硬件设计,开发出成本低廉车载GPS车速传感器,测量精度较高,抗干扰性能较好,易于扩展升级,且有模拟、数字输出,并带车速显示,可以直接连接数据采集器采集车速信号。通过试验验证表明：系统运行快捷稳定,测量精确。     

爆胎车辆应急自动制动系统稳定控制的策略研究

在完成轨迹控制评价指标构建的基础上,对不同控制器控制爆胎车辆轨迹的效果进行了研究和分析,静态PID控制器通常基于某一车速建立导致对在其他行驶车速下的爆胎车辆行驶控制效果降低。为有效提升爆胎车辆的轨迹控制效果提出增益可变PID控制器。该控制器根据不同的爆胎车速标定事先获得相关参数,将该控制方案应用于轨迹控制仿真实验中,实现了对爆胎车辆行驶轨迹的有效控制过程,恢复到原路径时只出现了较小的偏移。     

基于MEMS和GPS的驾驶行为和车辆状态监测系统设计

为了适应智能车辆辅助驾驶系统对驾驶和车辆状态监测的要求,利用MEMS惯性传感器自主设计了微惯性测量单元,并结合GPS设计了一种驾驶行为和车辆状态监测系统,实现对驾驶员操纵动作的感知、汽车6自由度运动状态参数和汽车运行车速的实时监测。介绍了MEMS传感器的选型,设计,安装和布置。实车道路实验结果表明:系统对驾驶员踩踏刹车踏板、离合器踏板和变换档位的操纵动作的感知效果较好,侧向加速度和方向盘转角的理论识别曲线与实车实验曲线在趋势上比较吻合。该系统为开发驾驶人员操纵动作自动识别系统提供理论基础和技术支持,也可为提高汽车行驶性和安全性提供重要的理论依据和工程应用指导。     

国内汽车机械式自动变速器技术研究综述

文章简要回顾了近年来国内汽车机械式自动变速器技术研究的状况,总结了一些关键技术的研究进展,特别是在换挡控制、起步控制、换挡规律等方面的研究成果。对于无离合器换挡、不分离离合器换挡技术的发展也进行了评述。     

电动汽车永磁同步电机无位置传感器分数阶滑模控制技术仿真研究

针对无位置传感器永磁同步电机控制系统在启动时电机转速较低,电机的反电动势较小,信噪比太低无法满足精确估计条件的问题,采用一种分段启动控制策略,当系统转速较低或刚开始启动时,通过他控恒转矩起动方式;当电机转速较高时,通过建立分数阶滑模观测器来实现转子位置的准确预测,并通过分数阶滑模控制器实现对电机的控制。通过在Matlab/Simulink平台中的仿真,直流电压311V,开关频率设为5kHZ,给定初始参考转速为600r/min,在0.2s突加1.5N?m转矩,分数阶观测器能够实现电机的平滑启动,且达到良好的静态和动态控制性能,从而使电动汽车能够更加安全可靠,为汽车产业的可持续发展提供技术支持。     

基于PMAC的离合器从动盘阻尼力矩测试系统的开发与应用

针对国内汽车行业对检测技术要求的不断提高,并结合当前先进的计算机技术与汽车自动检测的具体要求,介绍了一种基于PMAC的离合器从动盘阻尼力矩测试系统的设计,系统通过PMAC多轴运动控制器对交流伺服电机进行PID参数调节及精确的运行控制,使之运转平稳、位置无超调且动态响应迅速,从而保证了控制的准确性,提高了检测的精度和自动化程度,并在工控机的Window2000平台上利用Visual C 编程设计了良好的人一机交互界面。     

离合器盖总成综合测试台的设计

根据汽车零部件自动检测的实际要求,并结合当前先进的计算控制技术,设计了采用双闭环控制的离合器盖总成综合测试台;该测试台采用PMAC多轴运动控制器和伺服电机驱动器实现对伺服电机的双闭环控制,响应快速,定位准确,并用VC开发了简洁但功能强大的用户界面,实现了离合器盖总成负荷特性曲线、分离特性曲线、升程曲线各参数的测试;应用结果表明,该系统运行稳定,检测精度达到设计要求,功能全面,具有良好的实用性。     

Fuzzy logic and slip controller of clutch and vibration for hybrid vehicle

This paper is the second part of the paper titled “Simulation and Control of Hybrid Electric Vehicles” published in IJCAS, Vol. 10(2)/2012 where the model predictive control has been built to handle the clutch engagement between the combustion engine and the electrical motor. In this research, a fuzzy logic and slip controller of clutch and vibration of the hybrid vehicle have been considered and tested as a second control strategy. The use of the fuzzy logic control can avoid the need of the complex and rigorous mathematical modeling since the fuzzy logic can work very successfully on the uncertain and imprecise information. The clutch slip controller is implemented in an experimental test vehicle for the critical vibration reduction.     

Launch control for sport motorcycles: A clutch-based approach

Launch control is an innovative active system which offers an appealing automatic feature for sport motorcycles. Due to the high power of the engine and to the complexity of the torque transfer dynamics driving a smooth and safe start from a standstill might be difficult for non-expert riders in some working conditions. As such, an active controller capable of safely managing the vehicle acceleration from a standing start might effectively support the rider as far as both safety and performance are concerned. To control such a maneuver, two possible actuators can be employed: the engine throttle and the clutch. This paper illustrates the analysis and the design of a clutch-based launch controller for sport motorcycles, demonstrating that it allows the accurate tracking of an acceleration set-point thanks to a dedicated clutch position controller. Experimental results are presented that demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.     

PHEV由纯电动向混合驱动模式切换协调控制设计

针对并联混合动力汽车模式切换过程中动力中断和扭矩波动对车辆驾驶性能的影响,提出一种由纯电动向混合驱动模式切换的协调控制方法.首先,根据切换过程动力学分析及控制目标,将该过程分为离合器接合前后两部分.然后,对前者设计干扰观测器估计并补偿扭矩干扰和模型不确定性,提出基于干扰补偿的协调控制策略,以消除干扰,实现发动机的快速起动、同步;对后者引入发动机扭矩延迟变量,并利用电机扭矩补偿发动机扭矩误差,设计基于电机补偿的扭矩切换协调控制策略,实现平滑切换.仿真结果表明,该控制策略与传统控制方法相比,冲击度降低50.5%,有效减小了扭矩波动,确保了模式切换的平顺性,提高了驾驶性能.     

Synthesis of a system of automatic calculation of program signals for controlling motion of an underwater vehicle along a complex spatial trajectory

A new approach to accurate motion control of underwater vehicles is suggested. It consists in automatic calculation of program signals allowing the vehicle moving with variable speed along a spatial trajectory to pass separate trajectory segments as fast as possible. The desired speed of the underwater vehicle is calculated based on the maximum admissible deviation from the given trajectory and the norm of the dynamic error vector. Results of mathematical simulation substantiated workability and high efficiency of the proposed approach and the synthesized system of automatic calculation of program signals of accurate spatial motion of the underwater vehicle.     

Fast and smooth clutch engagement control for dual-clutch transmissions

Automotive dual-clutch transmissions use two gear shafts and two clutches to perform automated gear shifts at a high comfort level. The two objectives of the clutch engagement controller are to realize a fast clutch engagement to reduce the gear shifting time, and a smooth clutch engagement to accurately track the demanded torque without a noticeable torque dip. This research work presents a new controller design that explicitly separates the control laws for each objective by introducing clutch engagement phases. Simulations and experiments in a test vehicle show that the control objectives are realized with a robust and relatively simple controller.     

一种无刷直流电动机快速制动准确定位控制方案的设计

介绍了一种新的无刷直流电动机快速制动准确定位的控制方案。该方案在电动机刹车制动时使电动机电源端短接,利用制动单元使电动机惯性所产生的电流在电动机内产生一个与惯性旋转方向相反的旋转磁场,从而在电动机内部产生较大的阻尼磁场,使电动机快速制动;当电动机断电制动时,由3个角位移传感器检测出电动机转速,根据转速的高低计算并确定电动机的启控位置,并传输到PLC,由PLC控制电动机在设计的位置完全停止,从而实现准确定位。实验测试结果表明,该方案准确、可靠。     

Fuel consumption reduction effect of pre-acceleration before gliding of a vehicle with free-wheeling

Advanced fuel economy strategies are expected to reduce the fuel consumption of vehicles. An internal combustion engine (ICE) driving vehicle equipped with free-wheeling turns off the fuel injection and decouples the engine from the drivetrain when the driving force is not required. This paper proposes a method to reduce the fuel consumption of a vehicle equipped with free-wheeling. First, an optimization problem is formulated to minimize the fuel consumption of a vehicle with freewheeling when the traveling distance, the initial and final speed are specified and the vehicle needs to glide before arriving at the end point for fuel economy. The speed profile of the vehicle, engine operating point, and engine on/off timing are obtained as the results of the optimization. The analytical and numerical analyses results demonstrate the effectiveness and the fuel-saving mechanism of the obtained speed profile. The main finding of the analyses is that rather than starting a gliding stage immediately after an acceleration or a constant speed stage, adding a pre-acceleration stage before the gliding stage is more fuel-economic under some conditions independent of the complexity of the vehicle model. The obtained speed profile including a pre-acceleration stage is applied to a driving scenario including traffic congestions. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the pre-acceleration stage in reducing fuel consumption for a vehicle equipped with free-wheeling.