轧制界面非稳态润滑过程系统动力学模型的建立及其数值模拟

运用轧机辊缝动力学的基本理论结合非稳态润滑理论，建立了基于非稳态工作界面的动力学模型。该模型考虑了界面上金属塑性流动过程、界面上部分流体润滑与干摩擦并存的混合摩擦学过程以及工作辊的运动等多重耦合作用。塑性流动过程分析中考虑了界面摩擦状态的动态变化，界面摩擦特性分析中考虑了工作辊运动的动态耦合，因此工作界面上的轧制力模型、界面摩擦模型、工作辊运动模型构成了界面的薄膜约束多重耦合模型。对某大型公司2800轧机垂直系统的自激振动进行了仿真，定量地分析了一些主要参数对轧机垂直自激振动临界速度的影响。     

金属塑性加工过程主要参数对系统振动影响的定量分析方法

本文针对轧机系统经常发生的自激振动现象,综合运用轧制理论、流体力学理论、润滑摩擦理论以及机械振动理论,建立了基于轧制力模型、界面摩擦模型、工作辊运动模型的系统动力学模型,并编制了相应的仿真分析软件。同时对某大型公司2 800轧机系统的自激振动进行了仿真分析。通过仿真分析,定量地分析了一些主要参数对轧机自激振动临界速度及振幅的影响。充分验证了本文所述理论及仿真的正确性。     

Tandem Strip Mill’s Multi-parameter Coupling Dynamic Modeling Based on the Thickness Control

The rolling process is determined by the interaction of a number of different movements,during which the relative movement occurs between the vibrating roll system and the rolled piece,and the roll system’s vibration interacts with the strip’s deformation and rigid movement.So many parameters being involved leads to a complex mechanism of this coupling effect.Through testing and analyzing the vibration signals of the mill in the rolling process,the rolling mill’s coupled model is established with comprehensive consideration of the coupling interaction between the mill’s vertical vibration,its torsional vibration and the working roll’s horizontal vibration,and vibration characteristics of different forms of rolling mill’s vibration are analyzed under the coupling effect.With comprehensive attention to the relationship between the roll system,the moving strip and the rolling parameters’dynamic properties,and also from the strip thickness control point of view,further research is done on the coupling mechanism between the roll system’s movement and the moving strip’s characteristics in the rolling process.As a result,the law of inertial coupling and the stiffness coupling effect caused by different forms of the roll system’s vibration is determined and the existence of nonlinear characteristics caused by the elastic deformation of moving strip is also found.Furthermore,a multi-parameter coupling-dynamic model is established which takes the tandem strip mill as its research object by making a detailed kinematics analysis of the roll system and using the principle of virtual work.The coupling-dynamic model proposes the instruction to describe the roll system’s movement,and analyzes its dynamic response and working stability,and provides a theoretical basis for the realization of the strip thickness’dynamic control.     

热连轧机工作辊水平-垂直非线性振动特性及抑制

基于振动情况下轧制界面水平-垂直方向摩擦力模型和动态轧制力模型,考虑轧机的结构和工作辊轴承座与牌坊立柱间的摩擦力等因素的影响,建立了热连轧机工作辊水平-垂直系统的非线性振动模型。运用平均法求解得到幅频特性方程,分析外扰力和非线性参数等因素对系统幅频特性的影响,为抑制轧机工作辊水平-垂直振动提供理论指导。通过分析李雅普诺夫指数和位移分岔图,发现系统随外扰力幅值变化表现出周期、倍周期和混沌等不同运动状态。最后,通过分析工作辊轴承座与牌坊立柱间有无衬板间隙这两种情况下的幅频特性及衬板间隙对系统振动的影响规律,提出一种抑制工作辊水平振动和垂直振动的方法,仿真和实验结果均表明该方法有效。     

Analysis of the roll hunting force due to hardness in a hot rolling process

A hot rolling operation is performed to alter the thickness of a metal by passing the material through a pair of rollers, forming a gap that is somewhat narrower than the thickness of the material. Therefore, the quality of the product is a function of the pressure applied by the rollers. However, in this process, a roll hunting force occurs in which the rolling force is irregularly changed during the rotation of the rollers due to various complex mechanisms, which include roll surface hardness, difference in rotational speed between rolls, heat treatment conditions, and roll wear. In this study, roll wear tests were conducted to analyze the roll hunting force caused by variation in the hardness of the work roll. The friction coefficient of the work roll was then examined based on hardness. Then, a two-dimensional finite element model was constructed to investigate the roll hunting force as a function of the change in friction coefficient of the work roll. This finite element model was verified in relation to the theoretical rolling expression. Finite element model analysis was performed for three friction coefficients, and the effect of the roll hunting force was determined based on the reduction ratio and temperature. In addition, the wear depth of the work roll by the hardness was predicted. The influence of the abrasion of the work roll on the hunting force was analyzed.

     

A thermal analysis of strip-rolling in mixed-film lubrication with O/W emulsions

Increase of both roll and strip surface temperatures can significantly affect a rolling process, roll conditions and strip mechanical properties. A comprehensive thermal analysis in cold rolling, especially in a mixed film regime, is needed to understand how thermal fields develop in roll and strip during rolling. It requires a simultaneous solution of the mixed film model for friction in the roll bite and the thermal model for roll and strip thermal fields. This paper presents a numerical procedure to analyse strip rolling process using lubrication with oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions. The thermal model includes the effect of heat generation due to the strip deformation and frictional shear stress at the asperity contacts. The numerical analysis employs a coupled thermal model and a mixed film lubrication model for calculating the friction and the asperity deformation in the bite. The thermal model considers the initial temperatures of the roll and strip, temperature rise due to the strip plastic deformation and friction. While the O/W mixed-film lubrication model takes into account the effect of surface roughness and oil concentration (%vol) of the emulsion. The thermal effect is analysed in terms of strip surface temperature and roll temperature, which are influenced by rolling parameters such as reduction, rolling speed, oil concentration in the emulsion. The results of the parametric study indicate that the effect of oil concentration on the thermal field is relatively small compared to that of reduction ratio and rolling speed. The reduction ratio increases the maximum interface temperature in the roll bite. In the mixed film regime, rolling speed also increases the maximum interface temperature and alters the temperature field of the strip. The numerical procedure was validated against known experimental data and can readily be extended to hot rolling or used to analyse roll strip temperature subjected to different cooling system.     

金属轧制过程工作界面非稳态润滑模型研究

基于非稳态流体动力润滑理论和相应的数学物理方法,建立了板带轧制时工作界面非稳态润滑基本模型。通过入口区的分析,确定了入口油膜厚度。考虑了非稳态变量如带张力、轧制速度、入口角等因素对入口油膜厚度的影响,同时还分析了入口油膜厚度的频率响应情形。入口油膜厚度幅值与输入频率成反比。入口油膜厚度呈周期性的变化,但不是正弦波形,所以整个轧机润滑系统是非线性的。非稳态工作区的分析建立在已知的入口油膜厚度基础之上。通过数值计算,定性地分析了后张应力、表面平均速度、入口角等参数对油膜厚度分布的影响。     

宽带钢冷连轧机综合耦合模型的建立与分析

宽带钢冷连轧过程中,板形、板厚和张力控制之间存在着很强的耦合关系,相互影响对方的调节功效。为了进一步提高控制精度,进行解耦设计实现解耦控制是十分有效的手段,而其前提和基础就是冷连轧机综合耦合模型的建立和分析。首先,运用轧制理论对轧制过程中板形、板厚和张力控制的各种影响因素进行了系统的分析,然后考虑执行内环的动态特性建立冷连轧机综合耦合模型,以定量地描述轧制过程中辊缝、弯辊力、本架轧辊速度、前架轧辊速度和出口厚度、出口凸度、出入口张力之间的耦合影响关系。最后,基于Matlab/Simulink工具,采用此耦合模型对某冷连轧机末机架的耦合特性进行仿真分析,指出对其进行解耦控制的必要性。     

热连轧机磁栅尺结构的模型参数辩识

应用系统辨识技术,采用受控自回归(auto egressive exogeneous,简称ARX)模型结构和Matl ab系统 辨识工具箱,辨识了热连轧机辊缝位移传感器的动力学模型参数,建立了该传感器结构的动态 数学模型。系统的输入和输出数据分别为同步记录的轧机相应位置的振动加速度信号,ARX 模型的参数估计采用最小二乘估计法(LSCE),辨识模型的拟合度达到7948％。 辨识结果表明,传感器外壳圆盘结构的刚度和阻尼太小,对轧机垂直振动系统的 影响严重,说明其结构设计不合理,需要进行结构动力学修改。     

铝材轧制加工过程中的摩擦特点及其影响

摩擦在铝材轧制生产过程中影响产品质量、轧辊的磨损和轧制过程的力能消耗。在分析铝材轧制过程摩擦特点、摩擦磨损机理的基础上,着重分析了摩擦对轧制过程、轧制压力、变形区、最小可轧厚度和产品质量的影响。釆取合适的工艺润滑,是减少摩擦与磨损,降低轧制压力,提高生产效率和产品质量的有效途径。     

A multi-scale model for friction in cold rolling of aluminium alloy

A simple and robust friction model is proposed for cold metal rolling in the mixed lubrication regime, based on physical phenomena across two length scales. At the primary roughness scale, the evolution of asperity contact area is associated with the asperity flattening process and hydrodynamic entrainment between the roll and strip surfaces. The friction coefficient on the asperity contacts is related to a theoretical oil film thickness and secondary-scale roll surface roughness. The boundary friction coefficient at the “true” asperity contacts is associated with tribo-chemical reactions between fresh metal, metal oxide, boundary additives, the tool and any transfer layer on the tool. The asperity friction model is verified by strip drawing simulations under thin film lubrication conditions with a polished tool, taking the fitting parameter of the boundary lubrication friction factor on the true contact areas equal to 0.1. Predicted values of average friction coefficient, using a boundary friction factor in the range 0.07–0.1, are in good agreement with measurements from laboratory and industrial rolling mill trials.     

Analysis of plate rolling using the dual-stream function method and cylindrical coordinates

A mathematical model for plate rolling using the dual-stream function method and cylindrical coordinates has been proposed in this work to examine the plastic-deformation behavior of the plate at the roll gap. The velocity fields derived from this newly developed dual-stream function can automatically satisfy the volume constancy and the velocity boundary conditions within the roll gap. In the formulation, an inclined rigid-plastic boundary plane at the entrance of the roll gap is considered. Although this effect can be easily included in a finite element method, the demanding amount of memory and the computer time by an FEM approach makes it impractical as a personal computer routine. By this model, effects of various forming parameters such as the roll diameter, thickness of the plate, the friction factor, the aspect ratio of the plate, etc., upon the width spread of the product and the rolling power were discussed systematically. Furthermore, experiments on plate rolling using aluminum sheets were carried out. From the comparison between the analytical and experimental results, it is clear that this model can offer useful knowledge in designing the pass-schedule of plate rolling process.     

高速冷轧机辊系非线性动力学模型及控制参数优化

综合运用轧制过程动态轧制力模型、轧机系统分段非线性弹性力模型和分段非线性摩擦力模型,建立了考虑非线性因素耦合的高速冷轧机辊系动力学模型,采用平均法求解幅频响应方程,研究了轧机系统主要参数对轧机垂直振动的影响。分析结果表明：动态轧制力一次项刚度越小,轧机系统固有频率越大;动态轧制力三次项刚度不为零时,轧机系统出现明显跳跃现象;非线性弹性力起主导作用时,易发生跳跃现象;非线性摩擦力越大,轧机系统振动幅值越小,分段特性减弱;外扰力幅值越大,振动幅值越大,振动越剧烈;线性阻尼越大,振动幅值越小且减小幅度越缓慢。     

Coupled dynamic modeling of rolls model and metal model for four high mill based on strip crown control

The crown is a key quality index of strip and plate,the rolling mill system is a complex nonlinear system,the strip qualities are directly affected by the dynamic characteristics of the rolling mil.At present,the studies about the dynamic modeling of the rolling mill system mainly focus on the dynamic simulation for the strip thickness control system,the dynamic characteristics of the strip along the width direction and that of the rolls along axial direction are not considered.In order to study the dynamic changes of strip crown in the rolling process,the dynamic simulation model based on strip crown control is established.The work roll and backup roll are considered as elastic continuous bodies and the work roll and backup roll are joined by a Winkler elastic layer.The rolls are considered as double freely supported beams.The change rate of roll gap is taken into consideration in the metal deformation,based on the principle of dynamic conservation of material flow,the two dimensional dynamic model of metal is established.The model of metal deformation provides exciting force for the rolls dynamic model,and the rolls dynamic model and metal deformation model couple together.Then,based on the two models,the dynamic model of rolling mill system based on strip crown control is established.The Newmark-β method is used to solve the problem,and the dynamic changes of these parameters are obtained as follows:(1) The bending of work roll and backup roll changes with time;(2) The strip crown changes with time;(3) The distribution of rolling force changes with time.Take some cold tandem rolling mill as subject investigated,simulation results and the comparisons with experimental results show that the dynamic model built is rational and correct.The proposed research provides effective theory for optimization of device and technological parameters and development of new technology,plays an important role to improve the strip control precision and strip shape quality.     

基于辊缝动力学的板带轧机垂直振动的研究

板形与板厚是衡量板带轧制成品几何精度的两大指标。而与这些指标直接相关的是轧机机座垂直方向的振动。本文将机座与轧件作为一个系统来研究 ,建立了基于辊缝动力学的 ,以分析板带轧机机座垂直振动对板形及板厚影响为目的辊缝动力学模型 ,提出了振动模态对板形及板厚影响的指标。得出的结论是 :板形与板厚控制的实质是辊缝的控制 ,在轧制状态下辊缝不仅与静力学因素有关 ,而且在很大程度上取决于辊缝动力学因素。本文所建立的模型考虑了阻尼因素及由辊缝动力学模型确定的非线性轧制力 P,使模型能更真实的模拟现场实际情况     

A plane-strain elastoplastic finite-element model for cold rolling of thin strip

In cold rolling of thin strip, elastic roll deformation is a prominent phenomenon which may indeed govern the whole process. Analysis of the literature suggests a number of methods to solve this coupled problem; for the most severe operations, the coupling technique is more important than the precision of the computation of stress and strain. To perform as general an analysis as possible, a completely coupled finite element model is formulated, meshing a global strip-roll system with internal interface with sliding and friction. The model is two-dimensional and only analyzes roll flattening. The basic equations and numerical formulation are described. Application to several kinds of rolling passes is examined (temper rolling, thin foil rolling) with special emphasis on roll deformed shape and behaviour of metal in the roll gap (sliding/sticking zones, elastic/plastic zones).     

基于动态轧制力的冷轧机两自由度垂直振动特性

考虑冷轧机轧辊在垂直方向上振动位移动态变化的影响,建立了一种动态轧制力模型,在此基础上考虑轧机机械结构振动的影响,推导出含有动态轧制力的轧机辊系两自由度非线性垂直振动方程,采用多尺度法求解该系统的主共振及内共振幅频特性方程。对轧机实际参数进行仿真,分析了轧机中非线性刚度、阻尼、外扰力等参数变化时的轧机主共振幅频特性以及内共振幅频特性,并研究了轧机工作辊与支承辊的动态分岔特性,发现随着外扰力的变化,轧机辊系均会出现周期、倍周期、混沌运动等一系列复杂的运动状态,并得到了各轧辊出现不同运动状态的条件,为研究抑制轧机振动问题提供了有效的理论参考。     

液压缸非线性约束下的轧机辊系振动行为

以四辊板带轧机为例,分析液压压下缸及弯辊缸在轧机辊系振动时表现出的分段弹性力和摩擦力两种非线性约束,建立液压缸非线性约束作用下的轧机辊系振动模型,并采用平均法求得振动系统的幅频响应。通过比较两种非线性作用下辊系振动速度和振动幅值的仿真曲线,研究辊系受分段弹性力和摩擦力影响时的行为特性。取不同分段弹性力和摩擦力,仿真分析两种非线性因素分别对轧机辊系幅频特性的影响规律。结果表明,轧机辊系振动速度受分段弹性力大小影响,系统不稳定频率区域随分段弹性力增大而变宽;摩擦力较小时,对辊系振动行为影响表现为阻尼特性,较大时,摩擦力的非线性成为影响辊系振动行为的主要特性。该结论为轧机辊系振动控制提供了理论参考。     

受轧件水平振动影响的板带轧机非线性振动特性

基于Roberts摩擦因数公式和Hill轧制力公式,建立能够表征不同摩擦状态下的动态轧制力模型;在此基础上进一步考虑轧机结构的振动和轧件振动之间的相互影响,提出轧件-轧辊耦合振动模型。根据广义耗散的Lagrange原理,分别沿轧制方向和垂直于轧制方向建立动力学平衡方程;采用多尺度法求解出考虑系统内共振的幅频特性方程,并仿真分析不同外部激励和非线性参数作用下的轧机振动规律。研究结果表明：滑动摩擦状态下耦合系统对内部非线性参数变化和外部扰动变化的敏感程度远远高于静摩擦状态下的情况;适当选取耦合三次项非线性参数,可以将系统不稳定振动的出现控制在一个较小的频率区间,削弱轧件-轧辊耦合振动对板带轧机振动的影响。     

冷轧铝工作区的混合润滑特性研究

为研究冷轧铝工作区的混合润滑特性,基于平均流量理论建立考虑表面粗糙度的冷轧铝工作区混合润滑模型,并通过相关文献的数据验证模型的正确性.在不同轧制速度、润滑油黏度以及前后张应力条件下对整个工作区内的润滑特性进行分析,研究轧制工艺参数对油膜厚度、接触面积比以及应力分布的影响.仿真结果表明:随着轧制速度的提高,轧制压力有一定...