反应自生Al2O3-Al3Ti-Al 复合材料的抗弯曲性能

将压力铸造(Squeeze-Casting) 与燃烧合成(Combustion-Synthesis) 相结合, 利用TiO₂与Al 之间的反应, 成功地制备了金属相Al 含量不同的Al₂O₃-Al₃Ti-Al 原位复合材料系列。运用三点弯曲方法测试了复合材料的抗弯曲强度和弹性模量。结果表明: 复合材料具有较高的弯曲强度(410～ 490M Pa) 和弹性模量(156～ 216GPa) , 随着金属相Al 含量的增加, 弯曲强度开始有所升高,当A l 体积百分数超过40% 后便明显下降。而弹性模量始终呈降低趋势, 复合材料的高强度源于反应生成细小的Al₂O₃颗粒及Al₃Ti 相的增强作用。      

Ti3AlC2的高温临氢行为

研究了Ti3Al C2体材料在氢气氛中的高温(1100~1400℃)热稳定性。采用XRD、SEM、SIMS和Raman分析等手段对Ti3Al C2临氢反应前后的物相组成、表面形貌进行了表征;使用热力学软件Factsage计算了反应过程中的气态产物。结果表明,在1100~1400℃氢气氛条件下有少量H溶解在Ti3Al C2材料中,Ti3Al C2发生了以Al元素缺失为特征的有限程度的分解反应。缺失的Al元素与气氛中极微量的氧反应形成了均匀但不致密的Al2O3膜;而当反应温度为1400℃时,Al2O3膜发生了明显的脱落。使用热力学软件的计算结果预测,部分缺失Al元素与H2反应生成气体产物Al H。初步的研究结果表明,在1300℃以下Ti3Al C2具有较好的耐氢性能。     

多孔Al2O3f/Al2O3复合材料研究进展

作为20世纪90年代兴起的一类连续陶瓷纤维增强陶瓷基复合材料,连续氧化铝纤维增韧氧化铝(Al₂O_3f/Al₂O₃)复合材料已经发展为与C_f/SiC、SiC_f/SiC等非氧化物复合材料并列的陶瓷基复合材料。以多孔基体实现基体裂纹偏转成为Al₂O_3f/Al₂O₃复合材料主要的增韧设计方法,形成的多孔Al₂O_3f/Al₂O₃复合材料具有优异的抗氧化性能和高温力学性能,可在高温富氧、富含水汽的中等载荷工况中长时服役,是未来重要的热结构材料。经过近30年的发展,多孔Al₂O_3f/Al₂O₃复合材料已被应用于航空发动机、燃气轮机等热端部件。本文综述了多孔Al₂O_3f...     

Ti/Al2O3复合材料制备及其力学性能

利用放电等离子烧结(SPS)制备了性能优异的40%(体积分数)Ti/Al2O3复合材料,其弯曲强度、断裂韧性、显微硬度和相对密度分别为897.29MPa、17.38MPa·m1/2、17.13GPa和99.24%.SEM和HREM对复合材料的微观结构分析发现,晶粒细化、位错环强化等是材料强度提高的主要原因;裂纹的偏转和桥联是材料韧性提高的关键所在.     

SiO2f/SiO2复合材料与TC4,Ti3Al和TiAl的钎焊

在880℃/10min规范下,采用AgCuTi活性箔带钎料完成了SiO2f/SiO2/TC4,SiO2f/SiO2/Ti3Al和SiO2f/SiO2/TiAl三种接头的连接,每种接头界面均结合良好。接头显微组织结果表明,三种接头组织形貌较为相似,均在靠近SiO2f/SiO2母材的界面处形成了一层薄薄的扩散反应层组织,在该组织中出现了Ti和O的富集。分析认为,钎焊过程中钎料中的Ti会优先向SiO2f/SiO2母材边缘扩散,同时,金属母材中的元素在液态钎料的作用下不断向钎缝中溶解,其中一部分母材中的Ti也会向复合材料母材边缘扩散,两种不同来源的Ti共同与SiO2发生反应生成Ti-O相,根据三种接头扩散层中Ti和O的原子比例推断Ti-O相为Ti2O。三种接头的钎缝基体区主要由白色组织和灰色组织共同组成,其中白色组织中富含Ag,主要以Ag基固溶体形式存在,而灰色组织中富含Ti和Cu,二者结合生成Ti-Cu组织。     

不同铝含量对Ti-Al-C系燃烧合成Ti3AlC2粉体的影响

采用Ti、Al、C和TiC粉末为反应物原料,研究了Ti∶C=3∶2时,不同Al含量(12.3%~25.4%,atomic fraction)对Ti-Al-C体系燃烧合成Ti₃AlC₂粉体的影响。探讨了Al含量对燃烧合成Ti₃AlC₂的影响机理。实验表明,Al含量对Ti-Al-C体系燃烧合成Ti₃AlC₂影响较大,Ti₃AlC₂的含量随Al含量(12.3%~19.4%)增加而增加,但在Al含量为20.6%~25.4%时,却随Al含量的增加而降低。      

原位热压合成Ti3AlC2/Al2O3复合材料的研究

以Ti,Al,Tic,TiO2粉末为原料,采用原位热压合成法制备了Ti3AlC2/Al2O3复合材料.主要考察不同Al2O3含量对复合材料性能的影响.在1 400℃,30 MPa压力,保温2 h条件下烧结制得致密的Ti3Alc2/Al2O3块体材料.采用XRD分析了不同Al2O3,含量的复合材料的相组成.用SEM观察组织结构特征.测量了维氏硬度和电导率同Al2O3含量的关系曲线.研究结果表明,A12O3,的加入可大幅度提高复合材的硬度.Ti3AlC2/25%A12O3的维氏硬度可达8.7 GPa.虽然添加Al2O3后复合材料的电导率有所下降,但Al2O3对复合材料强度和硬度的增加有显著的贡献.Ti3Al2C2/Al2O3乃不失为一种性能良好的高温结材材料.     

Al2O3/(纳米)Fe3Al复合材料位错形貌的TEM观测

利用TEM对Fe₃Al/Al₂O₃复合材料的位错形貌进行了观测分析,观察到Fe₃Al/Al₂O₃中丰富的位错组态。根据透射电镜观察,引入Fe₃Al后,Al₂O₃晶内产生大量位错,位错多产生于Fe₃Al于Al₂O₃相界面附近,亚界面的形成使基体晶粒再细化,使强度提高。在Fe₃Al中观察到超点阵位错,对材料起到"有序强化"作用。      

C/C-SiC复合材料表面Y2O3-ZrO2-Al2O3涂层的涂刷法制备及其抗高温氧化性能

为了提高C/C复合材料的抗高温氧化性能,用包埋法在C/C复合材料表面制备SiC内涂层,再在其上刷涂制备Y2O3-ZrO2-Al2O3多组分涂层,对制备涂层的各种影响因素进行分析,确定最佳制备工艺,并考察了该涂层的组织结构和抗高温氧化性能。结果表明:最佳制备条件为以SiC为内涂层、10%聚乙烯醇(PVA)为分散剂,以Y2O3,ZrO2,Al2O3,Si及C为原料,室温涂覆,升温到1 873 K保温30 min,反复进行5次;该涂层在1 873 K下氧化19 h,失重率仅1.76%,有良好的短期抗高温氧化性能,氧化29 h时失重率为6.23%,涂层可能已破坏失效;涂层的失效是由于其表面形成的孔洞和裂纹不能愈合而导致的。     

纳米Al2O3增强铝基复合材料的制备技术和发展方向

纳米颗粒具有极高的增强效率,能够显著提高铝基复合材料的综合性能.纳米Al2 O3/Al复合材料作为其中的代表,具有高弹性模量、高强度和低密度等优势,得到长期的关注和研究.详细介绍了纳米Al2O3/Al复合材料的制备方法,分析了各制备方法的优点和缺点,并对纳米Al2O3/Al复合材料的发展前景进行了展望.     

Kinetics of aluminum extraction from Ti3AlC2 in hydrofluoric acid

Herein we report on the influence of particle size, time and temperature on the kinetics – quantified by X-ray diffraction – of the selective extraction of Al from the ternary layered transition metal carbide, Ti₃AlC₂, when powders of the latter are immersed in hydrofluoric acid. Transmission and scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis were also used to characterize the resulting powders. Increasing the temperature and immersion times, and decreasing the Ti₃AlC₂ particle size, led to faster conversion of Ti₃AlC₂ to its 2-D Ti₃C₂ counterpart. Arch-shaped edges at the ends of some Ti₃C₂ layers resembled graphene, corroborating the single-sheet structure of exfoliated Ti₃C₂. The removal of water and/or OH surface groups from Ti₃C₂ using drying in vacuum was also attempted.     

Direct diffusion bonding of Ti3SiC2 and Ti3AlC2

Two typical layered ternary compounds, Ti₃SiC₂ and Ti₃AlC₂, were joined directly by solid-state diffusion bonding method. By various bonding tests at 1100-1300 °C for 30-120 min under 10-30 MPa, and characterizing the microstructure and diffusion reactive phases of the joints by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD), the optimal condition for direct joining of Ti₃SiC₂ and Ti₃AlC₂ was obtained. Strong joints of Ti₃SiC₂/Ti₃AlC₂ can be achieved via diffusion bonding, which is attributed to remarkable interdiffusion of Si and Al at the joint interface. The shear strength of the Ti₃SiC₂/Ti₃AlC₂ joints was determined.     

Layered growth of Ti2AlC and Ti3AlC2 in combustion synthesis

In Ti-Al-C system two ternary carbides of Ti₂AlC and Ti₃AlC₂ were prepared by combustion synthesis. Laminated grain morphology and a terraced structure consisting of several parallel laminated layers were observed. On the basis of SEM and TEM results, a layered growth mechanism was proposed to describe the formation of the terraced structure. In this mechanism, the ternary carbide grains will undergo a preferential growth, i.e. each layer grows fast and expands quickly in the basal plane and all the layers are successively stacked along the normal direction identical to the c-axis in the hexagonal structure. This preferential growth characterized by the terraced structure was widely observed in this study and hence may be a common behavior during the growth of Ti₂AlC and Ti₃AlC₂ crystals in combustion synthesis.     

Compressive creep behavior of hot-pressed Si3N4-CRE2O3-Al2O3 ceramics

In this work, yttrium-rare earth oxide solid solution, CRE₂O₃, produced at FAENQUIL-DEMAR at a cost of only 20% of pure commercial Y₂O₃, was used as sintering additive of hot-pressed Si₃N₄ ceramics. The objective of this work was to characterize and to investigate the creep behavior of these ceramics. The samples were sintered by hot-pressing at 1750 °C, for 30 min using a pressure of 20 MPa. Compressive creep tests were carried out in air, between 1250 and 1300 °C, for 60 h, under stresses of 200-300 MPa. The stress exponent under all conditions was determined to be about unity. The apparent activation energy obtained was around 460 kJ mol⁻¹, corresponding to the heat of solution of the Si₃N₄ in the glassy phase. Both the stress exponent n and apparent activation energy Q are within the range of values reported in other studies of the compressive creep of Y₂O₃-Al₂O₃-doped-Si₃N₄ ceramics. X-ray diffraction (XRD) characterization shows a global reorientation of the β-Si₃N₄ grains and SEM observations detected no grain growth after the creep tests. These results indicate that grain-boundary sliding controlled by viscous flow is the dominant creep mechanism observed in the present study. The creep resistance presented of this samples indicates that this additive CRE₂O₃ can be a cheap alternative in the fabrication of Si₃N₄ ceramics, resulting in promising mechanical properties.     

Electrically Conductive Honeycomb Monolith of Nanolaminated Ti3AlC2:Preparation and Characterization

Nanolaminated Ti_3AlC_2 honeycomb monolith with parallel and uniform holes has been prepared through a facile extrusion route by using Ti_3AlC_2 powder as the main raw material.The fabricated honeycomb monolith has high compressive strength of 133 ± 11 and 59 ± 9 MPa,along and perpendicular to the extrusion direction,respectively.It also has good electrical conductivity,and excellent match of thermal expansion coefficient with the washcoat material of γ-AI_2O_3.These combined properties endow the honeycomb monolith a promising candidate as catalysis substrate for cleaning vehicle exhaust.     

Preparation and characterization of Nb2O5-Al2O3 composite oxide formed by cathodic electroplating and anodizing

Al foil was coated with niobium oxide by cathodic electroplating and anodized in a neutral boric acid solution to achieve high capacitance in a thin film capacitor. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) revealed the niobium oxide layer on Al to be a hydroxide-rich amorphous phase. The film was crystalline and had stoichiometric stability after annealing at temperatures up to 600 °C followed by anodizing at 500 V, and the specific capacitance of the Nb₂O₅-Al₂O₃ composite oxide was approximately 27% higher than that of Al₂O₃ without a Nb₂O₅ layer. The capacitance was quite stable to the resonance frequency. Overall, the Nb₂O₅-Al₂O₃ composite oxide film is a suitable material for thin film capacitors.     

五层纳米SiO2-Al2O3/聚酰亚胺复合薄膜的制备及性能

采用浸胶法制备了一系列SiO₂-Al₂O₃/聚酰亚胺（SiO₂-Al₂O₃/PI）五层耐电晕薄膜A_m A_n PA_n A_m,其中中间层（P）为纯PI薄膜,外层（A_m）、次外层（A_n）分别为SiO₂-Al₂O₃掺杂不同质量分数的纳米SiO₂-Al₂O₃/PI薄膜。采用TEM、FTIR、宽频介电谱仪、电导电流测试仪、耐电晕测试仪、介电强度测试仪和拉伸实验机对五层纳米复合PI耐电晕薄膜的微观结构、介电性能和力学性能进行了表征和测试。结果表明,SiO₂-Al₂O₃/PI复合薄膜掺杂层形成了分布均匀的有机/无机复合结构;SiO₂-Al₂O₃纳米粒子的保护作用是影响复合材料耐电晕性能的主要因素,复合薄膜A₃₂A₁₆PA₁₆A₃₂的耐电晕寿命最大,为23.4 h;外层掺杂量对五层SiO₂-Al₂O₃/PI复合材料的介电强度影响较大,复合薄膜A₂₀A₂₈PA₂₈A₂₀的介电强度最大,为302.3 kV/mm;通过对五层复合结构的设计,可以在兼顾材料力学性能的同时,提高其耐电晕寿命和介电强度。     

Metal-metal distances in vanadium,scandium, and aluminum doped Ti2O3 and their implications for the role of vanadium in (Ti1−xVx)2O3

Single crystal x-ray structure determinations of a series of V, Sc, and Al doped Ti₂O₃ samples have shown that the metal-metal distance along the 3-fold axis in all of these corundum-like systems increases with increasing concentration of dopant. However, the effect of V is at least twice that of a corresponding amount of Al or Sc. The metal-metal distance in the basal plane decreases with increasing V and Al concentration and increases with increasing Sc concentration. These structural changes have been correlated with the electrical behavior of the doped systems and a cluster model has been proposed for the behavior of vanadium in Ti₂O₃.     

Effect of Al2O3 particle size on vacuum breakdown behavior of Al2O3/Cu composite

In order to clarify the effect of Al₂O₃ particle size on the arc erosion behavior of the ceramic-reinforced Al₂O₃/Cu composite, Al₂O₃/Cu composites with different sizes of Al₂O₃ particles were prepared by powder metallurgy, the effect of Al₂O₃ particle size on the characteristics of arc motion was studied, and the mechanism of arc erosion of Al₂O₃/Cu composites was discussed as well. The results show that with decrease in the size of Al₂O₃ particles, the erosion area increases significantly and the erosion pits become shallower. The vacuum breakdown is preferred to appear in the area between Al₂O₃ particle and the copper matrix. Based on the experimental results and theoretical analysis, a particle partition arc model is proposed.     

掺杂不同量Nd2O3对CeO2-ZrO2-Al2O3材料性能的影响

采用共沉淀法制备了一系列Nd2O3含量为0～13wt%的CeO2-ZrO2-A12O3(CZA)复合氧化物,并通过X射线衍射(XRD)、低温N2吸附–脱附、氧脉冲吸附(OSC)、H2–程序升温还原(H2-TPR)及扫描电子显微镜(SEM)等方法对所制备的材料进行了表征.研究结果表明,Nd2O3在CZA固溶体中的溶解限约为10wt%,过量Nd的添加会出现分相形成Nd0.5Ce0.5O1.75氧化物.掺杂适量Nd能有效抑制氧化物晶粒的长大,提高材料的热稳定性和氧化还原性能.Nd2O3的掺杂量为10wt%时,样品的织构稳定性最好,1000℃老化5 h后,比表面积和孔容分别达97.14 m2/g和0.44 mL/g.Nd2O3的掺杂量为7wt%时,样品有高的储氧量,经600℃和1000℃焙烧后储氧量分别为938.01μmol/g和821.72μmol/g;体相氧的移动能力最强,还原性能最佳,老化后还原峰温由465℃升高到483℃.SEM结果表明,所制备的材料均为球形颗粒,Nd2O3的添加可以有效阻止高温焙烧过程中粒子的团聚.