温度和形变对Mullite/Al-4.5Cu复合材料及其基体合金时效行为的影响

用挤压铸造方法制备Mullite/Al-4.5Cu复合材料及其基体合金。用硬度测试（HB）、差示扫描量热仪（DSC）和透射电镜（TEM）等手段，研究了温度和形变对复合材料及其基体合金时效行为的影响。结果表明：无论是复合材料还是基体合金，随时效温度的升高，峰值硬度降低，时效析出过程加快；莫来石纤维除了能明显提高Al-4.5Cu合金的时效硬度外，还能加速其时效析出过程；固溶淬火后立即形变，能十分明显地加速复合材料及其基体合金的时效析出过程；纤维和形变都能明显抑制GP区的形成，但二者对θ相析出反应的影响存在差异。     

微量Sr对Al-Mg-Si-Cu基合金的时效析出过程及动力学的影响

采用差热扫描量（differential scanning calorimeter,DSC）分析Sr含量对Al-Mg—Si—Cu基合金时效β＇和Q相激活能的影响。结果表明,加入Sr不改变β″和Q相的析出温度,但能影响它们的激活能。当Sr含量较低（0．033％,质越百分数）时,时效相的激活能较低,比较容易析出,使合金得到更好强化;当Sr含量较高（0.093％）时,时效相的激活能较大,从而较难析出,对合金的强化作用较弱。     

微量银对Al-Zn-Mg-Cu系合金微观组织和力学性能的影响

研究了微量元素银的加入对高强Al—Zn—Mg—Cu合金及固溶、时效处理前后组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明：银可提高该合金的固溶处理温度,增加合金固溶组织中未溶相数量,加速时效初期强化相析出,延缓过时效。     

Al2O3-SiO2(sf)/AZ91D复合材料时效行为的研究

采用微观组织结构观察,XRD分析和宏观硬度分析等手段研究了Al2O3-SiO2短纤维增强AZ91D镁合金复合材料的时效特性,结果表明:在不同时效温度下,Al2O3-SiO2短纤维增强AZ91D镁合金复合材料具有和AZ91D合金相似的时效硬化曲线及相同的析出相β-Mg17Al12在时效硬化过程中复合材料始终保持比AZ91D合金高的硬度,而且随着Al2O3-SiO2短纤维含量的增加硬度随之增加,时效硬化峰提前.     

微量Ag对Al-5.3Cu-0.8Mg合金组织和耐热性能的影响

通过拉伸测试和透射电镜研究了Al-5，3Cu-0.8Mg合金中Ag的合金化作用，结果表明，合金中加入少量Ag元素后，改善了合金时效硬化特性，使合金高温力学性能得到较大提高，合金耐热性能提高原因在于Ag的加入改变了合金时效过程，析出了一种新的片状Ω相，Ag原子在{111}α面的层错中偏聚以及Ag和Mg的强烈作用形成的Ag-Mg-cluster对Cu原子的扩散作用，为Ω相形核提供了结构和成分条件。     

TiB_2/AlSi7Mg0.6复合材料的热处理强化

采用KBF4和K2TiF6混合盐反应工艺原位合成制备了TiB2颗粒增强AlSi7Mg0.6合金(TiB2/AlSi7Mg0.6)复合材料,并进行了固溶和时效处理;用光学显微镜、透射电镜和硬度仪对复合材料的显微组织及热处理强化后的性能进行了研究。结果表明:TiB2颗粒显著细化了复合材料的显微组织;固溶处理后复合材料达到硬度峰值的时效时间较基体合金缩短,峰值硬度提高幅度小于基体合金的;复合材料中铝基体晶粒细小、晶界面积大,导致时效强化相在晶内的析出量不足,是复合材料时效硬度提高幅度下降的主要原因。     

热处理对挤压添加钙AM50镁合金组织及力学性能的影响

研究了固溶、时效对挤压添加钙的三种AM50镁合金组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明：合金挤压后,随着固溶时间的增加,Mg17,Al12相以弥散状溶解在基体镁中,而Al2Ca相相当稳定,部分变细,逐步断开并出现球化现象;随着时效时间的增加,Mg177Al12相以粒状从基体中析出,而Al2Ca相在时效过程中变化极小。固溶后,挤压合金的硬度和抗拉强度下降。时效后,挤压添加1％Ca的合金抗拉强度略有升高,未加和加入2％Ca的抗拉强度略有下降,三种合金的硬度增加到峰值后逐步下降。未加和加入29,6Ca的合金固溶后塑性显著增加,时效后塑性略有下降;而加入1％Ca的合金固溶后塑性略有下降,时效后塑性显著提高。     

Al5TiB对Mg-8Zn-4Al-0.3Mn合金显微组织的影响

研究了Al5TiB对Mg-8Zn-4Al-0．3Mn铸造镁合金显微组织的影响。结果表明，Mg-8Zn-4Al-0．3Mn铸造镁合金的显微组织主要由Mg相、φ(Al2Mg5Zn2)相、τ(Mg32(Al，Zn)49)相组成。加入0．5％的Al5TiB可显著细化合金的铸态组织，晶粒大小由120～130μm减少到30～40μm。随着Al5TiB加入量的增加，合金的共晶α(Mg)相数量和合金的显微硬度均呈增加趋势。     

ZL101A铸铝合金和LY12硬铝同槽硬氧化的研究

LY12硬铝的主要合金元素是Cu和Mg，WCu一般为3．5％-5．0％，WMg为1．2％～1．8％，并含一定量的Mn，经时效后会生成强化相CuAl2。因含Cu固溶体和CuAl2的电极电位比晶体临界电位高，所以必须采用高浓度的H2SO4溶液（300～350g／L），或采用交直流电叠加或脉冲电流法。     

Al-Zn-Mg-Cu合金残余应力的会聚束电子衍射研究

变形铝合金中存在大量弥散的强化相,在其周围将产生较大的残余应力。残余应力的存在,对合金构件的强度、疲劳寿命、结构尺寸稳定性以及抗应力腐蚀等性都有很大的影响。会聚束电子衍射图中的高阶带反射线对晶格参数变化敏感,残余应力的存在可使高阶带反射线发生位移或偏转,可以用来测量材料微区的残余应力。利用会聚束电子衍射技术研究时效处理后Al12Zn2.4Mg1.1Cu合金的残余应力。研究结果表明:Al12Zn2.4Mg1.1Cu铝合金中析出相附近的基体中存在较大的残余应力,残余应力随距析出相距离的增加而减少,距离析出相5 nm、45 nm和85 nm处的残余应力分别为210 MPa、202 MPa和145 MPa。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

Limits of topographic measurement by the scanning tunnelling and atomic force microscopes

Parameters describing the topographic character of a surface (height, surface wavelength, slope and curvature) can be derived from equivalent sinusoidal profiles. The response of a surface-measuring instrument may be modelled in terms of instrument parameters such as stylus radius, and scanning range and resolution. The performance of the instrument may then be mapped as a zone in amplitude-wavelength (AW) space to show the sinusoidal profiles it is capable of measuring. In a first-order analysis the STM and AFM are considered as equivalent to contact-stylus instruments with a notional stylus radius equal to the tip radius plus the gap. Comparisons between different instruments and types of instrument are readily made by mapping in AW space. The error arising from convolution of the sinusoidal profile with that of the finite tip may be quantified and plotted as contours in AW space.     

Fractional order nonsingular terminal sliding mode control for flexible spacecraft attitude tracking

This paper investigates a fractional terminal sliding mode control for flexible spacecraft attitude tracking in the presence of inertia uncertainties and extern...     

奥氏体不锈钢表面双辉等离子渗锆的动力学

利用双辉等离子渗金属技术在0Cr18Ni9Ti奥氏体不锈钢表面制备了一层均匀、致密、呈良好冶金结合的渗锆合金层,并对1 060℃下的渗锆动力学进行了研究。结果表明:随着距锆合金层表面距离的增加,锆元素的含量呈梯度递减,扩散系数逐渐减小,而扩散激活能逐步增大;在1 060℃采用双辉等离子技术渗锆时,渗锆合金层表层的空位密度为2.945×(1012~1013)cm-2,与相同温度下采用常规渗金属工艺相比,提高了1~2个数量级。     

气化炉三维扫描测量与数据处理

以德士古气化炉耐火砖的内壁蚀损检测设备为基础,对采集到的点云数据做了进一步处理.通过对数据的筛选和剔除,实现了数据点的平滑降噪细化和精简.然后利用点云对整、网格划分和分色显示等方法,最终完成了内壁腐蚀情况的三维建模.重点讨论了点云数据的预处理及后处理的方法,并根据内壁耐火砖的腐蚀阈值,提出了一种气化炉内壁腐蚀区域的识别与分割方法.对耐火砖的腐蚀分析、气化炉的生产与维修提供了可靠依据,并在工程应用中获得了一致认可.