基于改进DTW的机器人语音指令识别系统研究

动态时间规整(Dynamic Time Warping)是语音识别中的一种经典算法,该算法简单有效,在实现孤立词识别系统中得到了广泛的应用。为了提高机器人语音识别系统的识别率和识别速度,文中采用了一种改进的DTW语音识别算法。在MATLAB 7.0环境下,对改进的语音端点检测和改进的DTW算法进行仿真实验,实验证明改进的算法提高了识别率,并且减少了识别所用的时间;将该算法移植到机器人上,在安静的环境下进行试验,结果表明机器人能准确而又快速地识别语音内容。最后,得到了改进的语音识别算法能够有效提高识别率和识别速度的结论。     

一种基于联合得分的孤立词语音识别系统

介绍了一种基于联合得分的实时孤立词语音识别系统。在识别阶段,通过内插向最得到两种改进的DTW算法,并且和基本的DTW联合起来对语音进行识别,得出各自的识别结果,最后把所有的结果联合起来得到最终的识别结果。通过在TI46语音库和实时运行的实验表明,系统在低信噪比的环境下和实时运行的环境中,都可以获得比一般只应用DTW算法的识别系统更高的识别率。     

在孤立词语音识别中动态时间规正的改进算法

动态时间规正（Dynamic Time Warping）是语音识别中的一种经典算法,算法简单有效,因此在实现孤立词识别系统中获得了广泛的应用。提出一种DTW的改进算法,采用两次在时间域上的规正,使计算程序简洁规范,计算量减少。经实验验证,改进DTW算法在不降低识别率的前提下,提高了识别速度,提高了系统的实用性。     

基于语音识别系统中DTW算法改进技术研究

动态时间规整(DynamicTimeWarping)是语音识别中的一种经典算法,由于算法简单又有效,因此在实现孤立词识别系统中获得了广泛的应用,但仍然存在一些不足,本文从提高识别率和识别速度入手提出对DTW算法进行改进研究,以达到更满意的语音识别效果。     

基于DTW和HMM算法的语音识别系统对比研究

论文在语音信号分析的理论基础上,研究了基于模型补偿的识别算法,对比了语音识别最常用的两种算法:动态时间归整算法(DTW)和隐马尔可夫算法(HMM),并针对两种算法的不足进行了改进。基于改进后的算法在MATLAB环境下搭建了孤立词语音识别系统,提高了识别率,节省了运行时间。     

多模板优化的语音识别算法

论文旨在研究基于MATLAB平台的特定人孤立词小词汇量的语音识别系统的实现。文章分别对语音信号的预处理过程、语音信号的特征提取及语音信号的识别算法等方面进行深入研究和分析在端点检测过程中,使用短时能量和过零率双门限进行检测,应用识别率较高的MFCC作为特征参数,针对传统DTW算法在语音识别中测试语音与参考语音模板匹配所需时间较长的问题,提出搜索路径改进算法,使得算法的运算速度有所提升。为了提升DTW的识别率,提出改进的模板匹配方法——多模板匹配方法。实验结果证明,采用改进算法的语音识别系统有效地降低了识别时间,提高了系统的识别率。     

嵌入式语音识别系统中的DTW在线并行算法*

为提高语音识别系统的实时性,利用动态规划和并行计算思想,提出一种适用于嵌入式语音识别系统的DTW(动态时间规整)在线并行算法。通过分析标准DTW及其主要衍生算法,对DTW算法的数据结构进行改进以满足在线算法要求,在寻找最佳路径过程中动态连续地分配和释放内存或预先分配固定大小的内存,并将多个关键词的DTW计算分布到多个运算单元;最后汇总各运算单元的结果得到识别结果。实验表明,该算法比经典DTW降低了内存使用和识别时间,并使语音识别的实时系数达到1.17,具有较高的实时性。     

一种基于帧跳跃的语音识别改进算法

引入帧跳跃的概念,从而改进了传统的端点检测算法和DTW算法,实现了一个改进的实时语音识别系统,并在计算机上进行了模拟仿真。实验结果表明,改进后的算法能有效提高孤立词的识别速度和识别精度。     

遗传神经网络在语音识别中的应用研究

针对语音识别的特点,对BP神经网络在语音识别技术中的应用进行了探索性研究,进而结合人工智能领域较为有效的方法——遗传(GA)算法,针对传统BP算法识别准确率高但训练速度慢的缺点,对BP网络进行改进,构建了一种基于遗传神经网络的语音识别算法(GABP),并建立相应的语音识别系统。仿真实验表明,该算法有效地缩短了识别时间,提高了网络训练速度和语音的识别率。     

改进型蚁群算法的语音动态规划研究

针对语音识别中动态时间规整(DTW)对语音端点检测精确性过度依赖、识别时间长及识别效率低等问题.为提高语音识别精度和效率,采用改进型的蚁群算法来处理动态时间规划间题,核心是对基本蚁群算法采用自适应的挥发系数,动态信息素更新策略.用新的状态转移规则以及最优的蚂蚁参数选择等改进方法,使能在较短的时间内能寻找到最佳路径,提高执行效率.仿真实验分别测试了传统DTW算法和基于改进蚁群算法的DTW算法的识别率,结果表明,新算法的全局搜索能力、准确性都优于传统的DTW算法,能有效的提高语音识别系统的效率.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

How do children do mathematics with LOGO?

Abstract  This paper considers some results of a study designed to investigate the kinds of mathematical activity undertaken by children (aged between 8 and 11) as they learned to program in LOGO. A model of learning modes is proposed, which attempts to describe the ways in which children used and acquired understanding of the programming/mathematical concepts involved. The remainder of the paper is concerned with discussing the validity and limitations of the model, and its implications for further research and curriculum development.     

Editorial: Special issue on recent advances in hybrid control theory and applications

正The demands of a rapidly advancing technology for faster and more accurate controllers have always had a strong influence on the progress of automatic control theory.In recent years control problems have been arising with increasing frequency in widely different areas,which cannot be addressed using conventional control techniques.The principal reason for this is the fact that a highly competitive economy is forcing systems to operate in regimes where     

Information for Authors

正Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)areedited by the international board of distinguished Chinese andforeign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest devel-opments and achievements in scientific research in China andoverseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulateand promote academic exchange between Chinese and for-eign scientists everywhere.     

Enhancing a leaf radiative transfer model to estimate concentrations and in vivo specific absorption coefficients of total carotenoids and chlorophylls a and b from single-needle reflectance and transmittance

The relative concentrations of different pigments within a leaf have significant physiological and spectral consequences. Photosynthesis, light use efficiency, mass and energy exchange, and stress response are dependent on relationships among an ensemble of pigments. This ensemble also determines the visible characteristics of a leaf, which can be measured remotely and used to quantify leaf biochemistry and structure. But current remote sensing approaches are limited in their ability to resolve individual pigments. This paper focuses on the incorporation of three pigments—chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and total carotenoids—into the LIBERTY leaf radiative transfer model to better understand relationships between leaf biochemical, biophysical, and spectral properties.Pinus ponderosa and Pinus jeffreyi needles were collected from three sites in the California Sierra Nevada. Hemispheric single-leaf visible reflectance and transmittance and concentrations of chlorophylls a and b and total carotenoids of fresh needles were measured. These data were input to the enhanced LIBERTY model to estimate optical and biochemical properties of pine needles. The enhanced model successfully estimated reflectance (RMSE = 0.0255, BIAS = 0.00477, RMS%E = 16.7%), had variable success estimating transmittance (RMSE = 0.0442, BIAS = 0.0294, RMS%E = 181%), and generated very good estimates of carotenoid concentrations (RMSE = 2.48 µg/cm², BIAS = 0.143 µg/cm², RMS%E = 20.4%), good estimates of chlorophyll a concentrations (RMSE = 10.7 µg/cm², BIAS = − 0.992 µg/cm², RMS%E = 21.1%), and fair estimates of chlorophyll b concentrations (RMSE = 7.49 µg/cm², BIAS = − 2.12 µg/cm², RMS%E = 43.7%). Overall root mean squared errors of reflectance, transmittance, and pigment concentration estimates were lower for the three-pigment model than for the single-pigment model. The algorithm to estimate three in vivo specific absorption coefficients is robust, although estimated values are distorted by inconsistencies in model biophysics. The capacity to invert the model from single-leaf reflectance and transmittance was added to the model so it could be coupled with vegetation canopy models to estimate canopy biochemistry from remotely sensed data.     

Mr. Twinn’s bombes

This article discusses the history and design of the special versions of the bombe key-finding machines used by Britain’s Government Code & Cypher School (GC&CS) during World War II to attack the Enigma traffic of the Abwehr (the German military intelligence service). These special bombes were based on the design of their more numerous counterparts used against the traffic of the German armed services, but differed from them in important ways that highlight the adaptability of the British bombe design, and the power and flexibility of the diagonal board. Also discussed are the changes in the Abwehr indicating system that drove the development of these machines, the ingenious ways in which they were used, and some related developments involving the bombes used by the U.S. Navy’s cryptanalytic unit (OP-20-G).