The impact of artificial intelligence in accounting work: Expert systems use in auditing and tax

This paper uses Perrow’s sociological framework as a basis for a comparative organisation analysis of the impact of expert systems on organisational issues. The study analyses the relative impact of expert systems on two different types of accounting work: auditing and tax. The results indicate an impact on factors that ultimately improve productivity. The aggregate results indicate that expert systems are found to allow the user substantial control of search for solutions and discretion on whether to follow system recommendations, increased access to top management, and a decrease in the need for supervision. The systems allow the user the ability to solve a broader range of problems, while allowing the user the ability to perform more work. The comparison of auditing and tax expert systems indicates that audit systems seem to allow for greater control over search. Tax systems seem to allow more work to be done without supervision, make more decisions immediately, and allow the user to make a wider range of decisions.     

The future of artificial intelligence (AI) in manufacturing

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is now among the buzzwords in manufacturing. Articles are written about various aspects of AI in manufacturing and some of these are discussed by Miller in “Artificial Intelligence: Applications for Manufacturing” [1]. Most of those authors extol the virtues of AI in manufacturing. From some of the literature, one might draw the conclusion that AI will solve all of our problems.

AI technologies are very sophisticated and are not going to easily accomodate the “noise” of the factory floor. We can see some of these techniques beginning to make inroads into manufacturing, but the road to full-scale implementation will be a rocky one.     

An application of artificial intelligence to medical robotics

In this paper an application of Artificial Intelligence (AI) to Medical Robotics is described. Namely, a specific AI technique is employed to generate a sequence of operations understandable by the control system of a robot which is to perform a semi-automatic surgical task. According to this technique, a planner is implemented to translate the “natural” language of the surgeon into the robotic sequence that should be executed by the robot. A robotic simulator has been implemented in order to test the planned sequence in a virtual environment. The planned sequence is then to be input to the medical robotic system, which will execute the surgical operation. The work described in this paper features a high level of originality, since no similar applications of AI to medical robotics could be found in the scientific literature.     

人工智能在计算机辅助工艺设计中的应用

随着计算机软硬件技术的不断成熟,计算机辅助工艺设计的理论与方法已发生了质的飞跃。将人工智能理论应用于计算机辅助工艺设计是新近发展起来的研究热点之一,也是工业设计现代化发展趋势。它不仅可以把人工智能领域中的研究成果移植到计算机辅助工艺设计中,而且也扩大了人工智能的应用领域,使两者得到完美结合,促进共同发展。本文简要地叙述了计算机辅助工艺设计和人工智能的基本概念,探讨了人工智能在计算机辅助工艺设计中的应用。     

An application of artificial intelligence to the choreography of dance

This paper describes an experimental computer program that applies the techniques of artificial intelligence to the creation of dance. Specifically, a user expresses a set of dance rules (in a special English-like rule language) which describes some of the dynamic aspects of a dance. These rules are applied nondeterministically by a rule driver program. The rules themselves are similar to those that form the knowledge base of expert systems. The rule driver embodies a heuristic algorithm of the type found in many artificial intelligence programs.James H. Bradford is an Associate Professor of Computer Science at Brock University. He is an active researcher in the area of Human/Computer Interaction with particular interests in the analysis of speech and the representation of dance.Paulette Côté-Laurence is an Associate Professor of Physical Education at Brock University. Her research interests are in the areas of motor control and the acquisition of dance skills, psychology of rhythm, and dance technology.     

Evolution, sociobiology, and the future of artificial intelligence

What will AI systems be like in the near and long terms? Basically, we'll get the AI that people are willing to pay for. Consequently, many specialized applications will appear long before AI demonstrates its "Manifest Destiny" of human-level general intelligence. The AI demonstrations and applications we're going to see in the near future will trend strongly toward "cognitive prostheses" - systems that do well things that humans do poorly or don't like to do. Both near-term and far-future systems will need to interact smoothly with humans, which will put special constraints on them. In particular, to build systems that we'll trust and want to use, we'll need to carefully consider and craft their implicit and explicit values.     

Distributed artificial intelligence from a socio-cognitive standpoint: Looking at reasons for interaction

Distributed Artificial Intelligence (DAI) deals with computational systems where several intelligent components interact in a common environment. This paper is aimed at pointing out and fostering the exchange between DAI and cognitive and social science in order to deal with the issues of interaction, and in particular with the reasons and possible strategies for social behaviour in multi-agent interaction is also described which is motivated by requirements of cognitive plausibility and grounded the notions of power, dependence and help. Connections with human-computer interaction are also suggested.     

SPA的同异反系统理论在人工智能研究中的应用

把有同一性、差异性和对立性的系统定义为同异反系统，通过分析同关系、异关系、反关系的联系与转化研究同异反系统，由此形成同异反系统理论．把此理论用于智能的定义、知识创新、模式识别、同异反推理、智能管理、多Agent协同分析、同异反诗同创作，说明不同的人工智能问题可以抽象出同异反系统，也为不同人工智能问题中的同异反联系与转化研究提供了一种新的系统理论．     

探讨人工智能在计算机网络技术中的应用

人工智能开创了新的技术研究领域,并在各个行业中得到了广泛的应用。伴随着科学研究方法的改变,计算机的主要功能从数值计算向问题求解以及知识处理方向上发展,在这一转变过程中,人工智能是实现计算机的功能转变的核心技术。文章就人工智能技术进行了简单介绍,从计算机网络技术存在的问题分析中强调人工智能应用的重要性,并重点阐述了人工智能在计算机网络技术中的应用。     

OFDM: back to the wireless future

The key limitation for wireless technologies has been slow transmission rates that didn't come close to providing the capabilities of wireline services. This left the technologies unable to offer fast downloads or handle multimedia and other desirable applications. Now, however, wireless approaches that use orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM)-a modulation technique for transmitting large amounts of digital data over a radio wave-are boasting high speeds. The principal driving forces behind OFDM's increased popularity in wireless technology are the general demand for faster approaches and the specific desire to run multimedia applications, which are data intensive and thus require higher speeds. OFDM has become practical for more widespread use because it relies on high-speed digital signal processors, and DSPs have only recently become available at a price that makes OFDM a competitive technology in the marketplace.     

人工智能军事应用面临的道德责任困境

随着人工智能在军事领域的发展,“制智权”已成为各国争夺军事竞争战略主动权的关键。与此同时,由于人工智能高度自主化和拟人化的特性,其在军事领域的应用一直伴随着巨大的伦理争议。人工智能的引入,将对传统的战争责任划归模式产生冲击,进而引发责任鸿沟、责任分散和道德推脱等问题。深入研究现象背后的成因,探讨道德责任困境的破解之道,既是发展人工智能军事应用必须跨越的关键隘口,也是对未来战争进行伦理约束亟待攻克的重大课题。     

Web Intelligence meets Brain Informatics: Towards the future of artificial intelligence in the connected world

World Wide Web - Understanding human intelligence, especially brain intelligence, is the cornerstone of reaching the ultimate AI. In this paper, we briefly review the historical interactions...     

An application of artificial intelligence to object-orientedperformance design for real-time systems

The paper describes an application of artificial intelligence technology to the implementation of a rapid prototyping method in object-oriented performance design (OOPD) for real-time systems. OOPD consists of two prototyping phases for real-time systems. Each of these phases consists of three steps: prototype construction, prototype execution, and prototype evaluation. We present artificial intelligence based methods and tools to be applied to the individual steps. In the prototype construction step, a rapid construction mechanism using reusable software components is implemented based on planning. In the prototype execution step, a hybrid inference mechanism is used to execute the constructed prototype described in declarative knowledge representation. MENDEL, which is a Prolog based concurrent object-oriented language, can be used as a prototype construction tool and a prototype execution tool. In the prototype evaluation step, an expert system which is based on qualitative reasoning is implemented to detect and diagnose bottlenecks and generate an improvement plan for them     

人工智能在司法审判中的应用研究

随着科技的不断变革与发展,人工智能已深入应用到生活的各个方面,其在司法领域中的应用也取得了一定成就。文章就人工智能在司法审判中的应用原理和现状进行分析,并针对其存在的问题提出相应的对策,希望可以推动司法审判方式的变革,为司法审判的智能化建设助力。     

The challenge of artificial intelligence

Artificial intelligence (AI) is a relatively young discipline, yet it has already led to general-purpose problem-solving methods and novel applications. Ultimately, AI's goals of creating models and mechanisms of intelligent action can be realized only in the broader context of computer science. Creating mechanisms for sharing of knowledge, knowhow, and literacy is the challenge. The great Chinese philosopher Kuan-Tzu once said: “If you give a fish to a man, you will feed him for a day. If you give him a fishing rod, you will feed him for life.” We can go one step further: If we can provide him with the knowledge and the know-how for making that fishing rod, we can feed the whole village. Therein lies the promise-and the challenge-of AI     

多媒体智能：当多媒体遇到人工智能

过去10年中涌现出大量新兴的多媒体应用和服务,带来了很多可以用于多媒体前沿研究的多媒体数据。多媒体研究在图像/视频内容分析、多媒体搜索和推荐、流媒体服务和多媒体内容分发等方向均取得了重要进展。与此同时,由于在深度学习领域所取得的重大突破,人工智能(artificial intelligence,AI)在20世纪50年代被正式视为一门学科之后,迎来了一次“新”的发展浪潮。因此,一个问题就自然而然地出现了：当多媒体遇到人工智能时会带来什么？为了回答这个问题,本文通过研究多媒体和人工智能之间的相互影响引入了多媒体智能的概念。从两个方面探讨多媒体与人工智能之间的相互影响：一是多媒体促使人工智能向着更具可解释性的方向发展;二是人工智能反过来为多媒体研究注入了新的思维方式。这两个方面形成了一个良性循环,多媒体和人工智能在其中不断促进彼此发展。本文对相关研究及进展进行了讨论,并围绕值得进一步探索的研究方向分享见解。希望可以对多媒体智能的未来发展带来新的研究思路。     

The debt of artificial intelligence to John von Neumann

John von Neumann died a little over thirty years ago. This short essay is a personal tribute to him.