基于板理论的层级褶皱结构失效模式分析

本文基于弹性板理论和夹层板理论对二级层级褶皱结构失效模式进行了分析。通过对基本构件进行受力分析得到了载荷与结构变形之间的关系。根据6种失效模式的定义,从极限载荷或极限应力角度出发,分析了在压缩载荷和剪切载荷工况下的各种失效模式,给出了结构单胞对应的等效正应力和等效切应力表达式。由最小失效强度得到了各失效模式之间的占优关系,并构建了失效机理图来阐释这一机制。最后通过与有限元分析结果比较,分析了本文公式的精度,与数值解吻合较好。     

周期激励下单搭接接头强度与振动特性研究

主要研究汽车轻量化粘接结构在周期性振动载荷激励下强度与振动属性的改变。首先,利用实验手段,研究了振动载荷对单搭接接头疲劳特性的影响,分析了疲劳后接头的强度及模态频率的变化;其次,通过仿真分析方法,建立了基于经典双线性内聚力模型(Cohesive Zone Model)的单搭接接头静态及动态仿真模型,对胶接接头的模态频率、振型及加载开裂过程中胶层单元失效扩展进行模拟,与此同时,探讨了疲劳载荷对胶层内聚力模型的弱化效应。最后,利用SEM电镜分析手段,从微观上分析了粘接接头疲劳损伤及断裂机理。     

静应力作用下的层合板接头损伤失效分析

基于单层板理论,结合有限元分析技术即应力分析、Hashin三维失效判定准则、包含4种基本损伤类型相互关联作用的材料性能退化方法及结构最终破坏判据等,建立了含辅助铺层层合板接头静载损伤失效分析方法. 同时,对层合板接头损伤扩展进行了模拟分析,损伤计算结果与试验分级加载试样X光进行了对比. 通过多种类型层合板接头静强度预测结果与试验结果对比及静载累积损伤规律分析表明,建立的静载三维累积损伤分析的强度预测方法可方便模拟不同结构尺寸层合板接头内部各铺层损伤起始、发展及结构最终破坏整个累积过程,同时获得其最终破坏强度及破坏模式. 该方法的预测结果与试验结果吻合较好.      

平面编织混杂铺层层合板单钉连接拉伸性能

对平面编织混杂铺层层合板单钉连接结构的挤压性能进行试验研究,分析了铺层比例和试件尺寸对其挤压强度和破坏形式的影响.基于ANSYS平台建立了该层合板单钉连接结构的三维损伤累积有限元模型,对其非线性挤压破坏行为进行了数值计算,预测了初始挤压破坏载荷;同时提出并验证了适合该类型层合板的损伤判据和衰减准则.计算得出的初始挤压破坏载荷与试验结果吻合良好,说明该模型能准确预测层合板单钉连接的初始挤压破坏载荷.     

基于多尺度方法的三维编织C/C复合材料弯曲失效特性分析

为了预测三维编织C/C复合材料的弯曲失效行为,基于多尺度渐进展开理论,结合细观渐进损伤模型,建立了三维编织C/C复合材料宏细观多尺度分析模型。通过商业有限元软件ABAQUS用户子程序UMAT的二次开发,在宏观结构有限元分析中实时调用细观单胞模型进行细观渐进损伤分析,实现了宏细观尺度之间交互式信息传递和多尺度损伤模拟。利用上述模型对三点弯曲载荷下三维编织C/C复合材料梁的渐进损伤和失效过程进行了模拟,预测了梁的载荷-挠度曲线和弯曲强度,并与实验结果进行了对比分析,验证了基于多尺度方法的三维编织C/C复合材料弯曲强度预测模型的有效性,为此类材料及结构失效分析提供了一种手段。     

考虑内部损伤影响的层合板最终强度预测

层合板强度分析若只考虑面内失效而忽略自由边界处的分层失效,往往会高估强度值,得不到合理的预测结果.该文提出了一种层合板强度的数值分析方法,综合考虑了层合板的面内失效(基体失效和纤维断裂)以及层间分层失效.采用有限元方法对层合板进行结构分析得到板的应力响应,结合面内失效判据和分层失效判据对层合板各个单层进行失效判断,采用刚度退化和逐步失效方法求得层合板的最终失效强度.与以往方法相比,该文模型和方法考虑的因素更全面.数值算例表明该方法预测得到的最终失效载荷和分层起始载荷和已有文献实验结果一致.     

高共面/异面抗冲击承载能力的新型蜂窝设计及吸能评估

针对传统蜂窝共面和异面承载能力差距太大的问题,提出了胞壁弓字形弯折蜂窝、层间组合蜂窝和折叠蜂窝等3种新型蜂窝,建立了新型蜂窝的有限元模型并分析了其变形模式和承载能力。结果表明,在相对密度一致的前提下,与传统正六边形蜂窝相比,这3种新构型蜂窝均缩小了共面和异面方向承载能力的差距。其中胞壁弓字形弯折蜂窝的共面/异面承载比提高了21.3倍;层间组合蜂窝两个共面方向承载能力悬殊,承载能力更强的共面方向与异面的承载比值提高了42倍;折叠蜂窝则提高了21.3倍。研究结果可以为抗多向冲击载荷作用下的蜂窝结构设计提供新思路和参考。     

胶接体系的胶接强度、粘结能及损伤破坏研究

胶接是指一种用粘合剂实现连接和固持的方法,胶接形式的金属薄板在汽车工业,建筑业以及航空航天领域有着广泛的应用.论文采用有限元模拟方法,研究了该胶接体系在受载状态下的滑剪破坏行为,重点关注了胶层粘结能,搭接长度,胶层厚度对胶接接头承载能力的影响,同时初步探讨了胶层的界面损伤情况.胶层粘结能的提高能够显著提高接头的承载能力.此承载能力受搭接长度和胶层粘结能的共同影响,较大的粘结能情况下,提高搭接长度能够显著提高接头的承载能力.胶层厚度对接头的承载能力也存在影响,在论文考虑的厚度范围内,提高厚度能够增强接头的承载能力.最后初步考虑了接头在达到载荷峰值时刻的胶层损伤情况.     

复合材料低速冲击损伤的数值模拟研究

为了研究复合材料层合板在低速冲击载荷的作用下层合板内部子层和层间损伤的演化,利用三维动态有限元模拟计算层板低速冲击的过程.在所建立的有限元模型中,分类考虑了不同的损伤模式.并采用薄壳单元模拟分析层合板子层的基体和纤维损伤.对于层合板的层间损伤,采用节点约束失效方法来预测分层损伤.通过仿真结果和实验数据的对比表明,模拟预测的损伤形状和损伤面积与实验结果基本一致.     

无铆连接模具参数对异种金属板料接头成形的影响

为了研究无铆连接模具参数对 304 不锈钢和 AL6061 板料接头成形的影响，基于 DEFORM-2D 建立了有限元模型，分析了凹模深度、凹槽深度和凸模直径三个主要模具参数对接头成形的影响．研究结果表明，凹模深度越大，越有利于下板料变形，反之，则有利于上板料变形．当凹模直径一定时，凹槽深度和凸模直径过小不利于形成互锁，而凹槽深度不宜过大，避免出现充不满现象，凸模直径过大导致接头颈厚值过小．通过正交试验发现，对接头成形的影响程度从大到小依次为凸模直径、凹槽深度和凹模深度，确定了最优模具参数，并通过无铆连接实验验证了正交试验的可靠性．此外，通过剪切实验获得了接头最大剪切失效载荷为 1.8 kN．     

三维编织复合材料渐进损伤的非线性模型及强度分析

建立了考虑周期性位移边界条件的细观体胞模型,对三维编织复合材料的渐进损伤过程进行数值模拟。采用Eshelby-Mori—Tanaka方法计算含损伤裂纹的材料的剐度矩阵,并将有限元网格尺寸和单元裂纹尺寸引入损伤演化方程,有效地降低了模拟结果对有限元网格的依赖程度。通过计算得到了材料应力应变的非线性关系和失效时的极限强度,并分析了材料的破坏机理。结果表明,大编织角材料的破坏模式主要是基体失效与纤维横向拉剪破坏,模拟计算结果与文献中的实验值吻合较好。     

Using a cohesive damage model to predict the tensile behaviour of CFRP single-strap repairs

This work addresses both experimental and numerical analyses regarding the tensile behaviour of CFRP single-strap repairs. Two fundamental geometrical parameters were studied: overlap length and patch thickness. The numerical model used ABAQUS^® software and a developed cohesive mixed-mode damage model adequate for ductile adhesives, and implemented within interface finite elements. Stress analyses and strength predictions were carried out. Experimental and numerical comparisons were performed on failure modes, failure load and equivalent stiffness of the repair. Good correlation was found between experimental and numerical results, showing that the proposed model can be successfully applied to bonded joints or repairs.     

Kinematic FE limit analysis homogenization model for masonry walls reinforced with continuous FRP grids

A homogenization model for periodic masonry structures reinforced with continuous FRP grids is presented. Starting from the observation that a continuous grid preserves the periodicity of the internal masonry layer, rigid-plastic homogenization is applied directly on a multi-layer heterogeneous representative element of volume (REV) constituted by bricks, finite thickness mortar joints and external FRP grids. In particular, reinforced masonry homogenized failure surfaces are obtained by means of a compatible identification procedure, where each brick is supposed interacting with its six neighbors by means of finite thickness mortar joints and the FRP grid is applied on the external surfaces of the REV. In the framework of the kinematic theorem of limit analysis, a simple constrained minimization problem is obtained on the unit cell, suitable to estimate – with a very limited computational effort – reinforced masonry homogenized failure surfaces.A FE strategy is adopted at a cell level, modeling joints and bricks with six-noded wedge shaped elements and the FRP grid through rigid infinitely resistant truss elements connected node by node with bricks and mortar. A possible jump of velocities is assumed at the interfaces between contiguous wedge and truss elements, where plastic dissipation occurs. For mortar and bricks interfaces, a frictional behavior with possible limited tensile and compressive strength is assumed, whereas for FRP bars some formulas available in the literature are adopted to reproduce the delamination of the truss from the support.Two meaningful structural examples are considered to show the capabilities of the procedure proposed, namely a reinforced masonry deep beam (0°/90° continuous reinforcement) and a masonry beam in simple flexion for which experimental data are available. Good agreement is found between present model and alternative numerical approaches.     

Finite Fracture Mechanics model for mixed mode fracture in adhesive joints

Up to now the failure load assessment of bonded joints is still not fully understood. This work provides a new approach for assessing the crack initiation load of bonded joints. A failure model for single lap joints is proposed that is based on Finite Fracture Mechanics. Only two basic fracture parameters are required: the tensile strength and the fracture toughness of the adhesive. A coupled stress and energy criterion proposed in 2002 by Leguillon is used to model crack initiation in the adhesive layer. The theory of this criterion is outlined in detail, its relationship to other failure criteria is discussed and an overview of applications found in literature is given. An enhanced weak interface model that predicts a linear variation of the shear stresses in the adhesive layer is utilized to model the single lap joint. To compare joint designs and to reveal the limitations of the given approach a dimensionless brittleness number for mixed-mode loading is proposed. Along with a detailed discussion of the results for exemplary joint designs a comparison to experimental results from literature is performed. The two necessary fracture parameters are each taken from standard test results published in literature. A good agreement of the failure load predictions with the experimental results is observed. A remarkable outcome is that the presented failure model renders the adhesive thickness effect correctly. The paper concludes with a discussion of the limitations of the approach and the effect of material parameters.     

Particle flow study on strength and meso-mechanism of Brazilian splitting test for jointed rock mass

A discrete element method （DEM） called particle flow code （PFC2D） was used to construct a model for Brazilian disc splitting test in the present study. Based on the experimental results of intact Brazilian disc of rock-like material, a set of micro-parameters in PFC2D that reflected the macro-mechanical behavior of rock-like materials were obtained. And then PFC2D was used to simulate Brazilian splitting test for jointed rock mass specimens and specimen containing a central straight notch. The effect of joint angle and notch angle on the tensile strength and failure mode of jointed rock specimens was detailed analyzed. In order to reveal the meso-mechanical mechanism of crack coalescence, displacement trend lines were applied to analyze the displacement evolution during the crack initiation and propagation. The investigated conclusions can be described as follows. （1） The tensile strength of jointed rock mass disc specimen is dependent to the joint angle. As the joint angle increases, the tensile strength of jointed rock specimen takes on a nonlinear variance. （2） The tensile strength of jointed rock mass disc specimen containing a central straight notch distributes as a function of both joint angle and notch angle. （3） Three major failure modes, i.e., pure tensile failure, shear failure and mixed tension and shear failure mode are observed in jointed rock mass disc specimens under Brazilian test. （4） The notch angle roles on crack initiation and and joint angle play important propagation characteristics of jointed rock mass disc specimen containing a central straight notch under Brazilian test.     

Cohesive fracture simulation and failure modes of FRP–concrete bonded interfaces

A work-of-fracture method using three-point bend beam (3PBB) specimen, commonly employed to determine the fracture energy of concrete, is adapted to evaluate the mode-I cohesive fracture of fiber reinforced plastic (FRP) composite–concrete adhesively bonded interfaces. In this study, a bilinear damage cohesive zone model (CZM) is used to simulate cohesive fracture of FRP–concrete bonded interfaces. The interface cohesive process damage model is proposed to simulate the adhesive–concrete interface debonding; while a tensile plastic damage model is used to account for the cohesive cracking of concrete near the bond line. The influences of the important interface parameters, such as the interface cohesive strength, concrete tensile strength, critical interface energy, and concrete fracture energy, on the interface failure modes and load-carrying capacity are discussed in detail through a numerical finite element parametric study. The results of numerical simulations indicate that there is a transition of the failure modes controlling the interface fracture process. Three failure modes in the mode-I fracture of FRP–concrete interface bond are identified: (1) complete adhesive–concrete interface debonding (a weak bond), (2) complete concrete cohesive cracking near the bond line (a strong bond), and (3) a combined failure of interface debonding and concrete cohesive cracking. With the change of interface parameters, the transition of failure modes from interface debonding to concrete cohesive cracking is captured, and such a transition cannot be revealed by using a conventional fracture mechanics-based approach, in which only an energy criterion for fracture is employed. The proposed cohesive damage models for the interface and concrete combined with the numerical finite element simulation can be used to analyze the interface fracture process, predict the load-carrying capacity and ductility, and optimize the interface design, and they can further shed new light on the interface failure modes and transition mechanism which emulate the practical application.     

A micromechanical study of residual stress and its effect on transverse failure in polymer–matrix composites

Cure residual stress and its effect on damage in unidirectional fibre-reinforced polymer–matrix composites under transverse loading were studied using a micromechanical unit cell model and the finite element method. The overall residual stress introduced from curing was determined by considering two contributions: volume shrinkage of matrix resin from the crosslink polymerization during isothermal curing and thermal contraction of both resin and fibre as a result of cooling from the curing temperature to room temperature. To examine the effect of residual stress on failure, a model based on the Maximum Principal Stress criterion and stiffness degradation technique was used for damage analysis of the unit cell subjected to mechanical loading after curing. Predicted damage initiation and evolution are clearly influenced by the inclusion of residual stress. Residual stress is always detrimental for transverse compressive loading and pure shear loading. For transverse tensile loading, residual stress is detrimental for relatively low resin strength and beneficial for relatively high resin strength. Failure envelopes were obtained for both biaxial normal loading and combined shear and normal loading and the results show that residual stress results in a shifting and contraction of the failure envelopes.     

曲壁蜂窝夹层悬臂板的振动特性研究

蜂窝结构作为一种多孔材料具有轻质、高强度、高刚度的优点, 兼具隔声降噪、隔热等优良性能, 被广泛应用于交通运输、航空航天等领域. 传统直壁蜂窝在受力后容易出现应力集中的问题, 这将导致蜂窝夹层产生裂纹破坏, 缩短夹层板的使用寿命. 针对此问题本文设计了一种以圆弧曲壁蜂窝作为芯层的蜂窝夹层板, 基于单位载荷法推导了蜂窝芯的等效参数, 建立曲壁蜂窝夹层板的动力学模型, 利用Chebyshev-Ritz方法求解悬臂边界下曲壁蜂窝夹层板的固有频率, 并用有限元方法进行对比验证, 发现前5阶固有频率的误差均在5%以内, 每阶固有频率对应的振型一致. 通过3D打印聚乳酸(PLA)制备了曲壁蜂窝夹层板, 使用万能试验机对PLA拉伸试件进行准静态拉伸测定了打印材料的杨氏模量, 搭建振动试验平台对制备的曲壁蜂窝夹层板进行正弦扫频试验、定频谐波驻留试验和冲击试验. 对比发现3D打印模型振动试验获得的前5阶固有频率与理论模型和有限元模型的计算结果三者一致, 试验发现曲壁蜂窝芯在特定频段内具有一定的抗冲击性能. 研究结果将为曲壁蜂窝在振动和隔振方面的应用提供理论支持.      

跌落冲击载荷下焊锡接点金属间化合物层的动态开裂

跌落冲击载荷作用下,含铅焊锡接点与无铅焊锡接点的破坏模式明显不同,而导致这种差异的原因目前尚不明朗。本文提出了一种可用于模拟焊锡接点在跌落冲击载荷下破坏行为的有限元模型,此模型中,金属间化合物（IMC）与焊料间的界面采用粘性区模型（CZM）来模拟其损伤开裂过程,而IMC层内的破坏程度则通过计算其能量释放率来判断。通过对板级封装跌落冲击过程的数值模拟发现,与无铅焊锡接点（Sn3.5Ag）相比,含铅焊锡接点（Sn37Pb）与IMC间的CZM层更容易发生损伤破坏,而该层的开裂会减小IMC层的应力,即降低了其内部的裂纹驱动力,从而缓解了IMC层裂纹的起始和扩展。