基于MALDI-TOF-MS和MLVA技术对军团菌的鉴定和分型研究北大核心CSCD

目的了解福建省4个地区军团菌的基因特征与分布情况。方法采用基质辅助激光解析电离飞行时间质谱(MALDI-TOF MS)对2013-2020年分离自福建省4个城市的32株9个血清型(Lp1、Lp3、Lp4、Lp5、Lp6、Lp7、Lp8、Lp9、L. micdadei)军团菌进行鉴定,结合多位点串联重复序列分析(MLVA)检测分析其中8个位点(lpsm1,lpsm3,lpsm13,lpsm17,lpsm19,lpsm33,lpsm34,lpsm35)对其中的13株Lp1进行分型。结果 32株军团菌均可通过MALDI-TOF MS检测到属种水平,鉴定分值平均值为2.04±0.16;通过蛋白聚类可以分为A、B、C 3个群;对其中的13株Lp1菌株进行MLVA分型,菌株间相似度为40.9%~87.5%,按照100%的相似水平可分为13个MLVA型,无优势MLVA型。Lp1 2013-25(7号菌)和Lp1 2013-14(9号菌)在MALDI-TOF MS和MLVA两种聚类均显示亲缘关系较近,并与其他菌株均存在差异。结论 MALDI-TOF MS技术可应用于军团菌的快速鉴定,但MALDI-TOF MS与MLVA用于军团菌的分子分型并不完全一致,可联合应用分析军团菌的群体遗传关系。     

应用多重聚合酶链式反应鉴别布鲁杆菌

目的 探讨应用多重聚合酶链式反应(Muhiple-PCR)进行布鲁杆菌株种型的鉴别.方法 以6株布鲁杆菌标准菌株(牛种、羊种、猪种、犬种、绵羊附睾种、沙林鼠种布鲁杆菌标准菌株)作为阳性对照,以大肠埃希菌O∶157和小肠结肠炎耶尔森菌O∶9作为阴性对照,待测布鲁杆菌株29株.先用布鲁杆菌属特异性聚合酶链式反应(BCSP31-PCR)扩增上述待测布鲁杆菌株,扩增结果为阳性的菌株再用Muhiple-PCR方法进行布鲁杆菌种型鉴别.结果 29株待测布鲁杆菌株BCSP31-PCR方法扩增均为阳性,进一步Multiple-PCR方法扩增均为阳性,其中有20株鉴定为羊种菌,5株鉴定为猪种菌、3株鉴定为牛种菌、1株鉴定为犬种菌.结论 Multiple-PCR方法是一种快速、特异、简便、低风险的布鲁杆菌种型鉴定方法.     

中山地区临床分离株铜绿假单胞菌MLVA分型初步研究

目的建立铜绿假单胞菌的多位点可变数目串联重复序列(multiple locus variable number of tandem repeats a-nalysis,MLVA)基因分型技术,初步用于耐药监测和院内感染的监测。方法选择11个位点对50株临床分离菌株进行PCR扩增和凝胶电泳,用R 2.14.1软件进行聚类分析。SPSS13.0统计软件进行统计分析。结果 11个位点中,ms216多态性最低,为0.619,ms212多态性最高,为0.838。50株铜绿假单胞菌被分为4大基因群,且均为单菌株基因型。前9个位点与11个位点的组合对菌株的分辨能力相同(HGDI=1.0000);前7个位点与前8个位点组合的分辨能力相同(HGDI=0.9984,成簇率为4.0%);前5个位点与前6个位点组合的分辨能力相同(HGDI=0.9935,成簇率为10.0%)。结论前5个VNTR位点组合有良好分辨能力,可用于大规模分子流行病学调查;前7个VNTR位点具有更高的分辨能力,可用于精确分析。     

MLVA方法在军团菌分子分型中的应用评价

目的 探讨MLVA方法在军团菌分型中的可应用性。方法 选用文献报道的9个军团菌VNTR位点,对我国环境水中分离的81株Lp1型军团菌菌株和2株参考菌株进行分子分型研究,并与PFGE和SBT分型结果进行了比较。结果 81株分离菌株9个VNTR位点的等位基因型别数分别为1,3,4,2,3,3,2,4和7,其中部分菌株的某些位点无扩增产物或产物为非目的片断。7个位点PCR产物具有重复单元;Lpms3位点PCR产物无重复单元;Lpms31位点部分菌株PCR产物有重复单元,另一些菌株无重复单元。对于具有重复单元的序列,不同菌株间以及同一菌株内各重复单元的序列变异均较大,3个位点存在不完整的重复单元。根据8个位点的PCR产物电泳结果,81株Lp1型分离菌株分为19个MLVA型。通过PFGE和SBT方法,81株Lp1型分离菌株分别分为46种PFGE带型和21种ST型。结论 MLVA方法的分型能力不及PFGE方法,而与SBT方法分型能力相当。但是,MLVA方法操作简单、成本低廉,而且可对培养阴性的标本进行分型,因此,该方法适合在基层推广应用。     

云南省剑川县鼠疫疫源地分离菌株基因组多态性

目的 阐明云南剑川野鼠疫源地鼠疫菌种群的演化及其与云南省其他疫源地菌株之间的遗传进化关系。方法 按不同时间、不同疫点、不同分离源,随机选取24株剑川分离鼠疫菌进行研究;采用差异区段(DFR)、规律成簇的间隔短回文重复序列(CRISPRs)及多位点可变数目串联重复序列分析(MLVA)进行基因组多态性分析;以DFR+CRISPRs聚类分析划分簇,再以MLVA26对簇进行聚类分析。结果 24株剑川菌株中,20株菌聚为一个簇(剑川野鼠鼠疫簇);2017年疫情分离3株菌位于丽江野鼠鼠疫簇,与丽江菌株(2017LZ)存在2个位点的差异(N2577,M23);剩余1株为一个独立株;50年代菌株与其邻近的80年代菌株间位点差异未超过3。结论 剑川原野鼠疫源地的发现时间可往前推至上世纪50年代,同时疫情还波及过家鼠和人群;剑川县境内存在2种类型的野鼠疫源地,其鼠疫防控具有复杂性,应继续加强鼠间鼠疫的动态监测。     

布鲁菌分子分型方法应用研究进展

布鲁菌属细菌是布病的病原菌。当前,用于布鲁菌属细菌分型的方法有多种,而布鲁菌分子分型方法在布病的分子流行病学调查、病原菌的快速分型鉴定、病原菌的溯源分析和菌株之间差异关系的分析过程中被广泛应用并具有十分重要的作用。本文就常用的布鲁菌的核酸探针技术(DNA probes)、聚合酶链式反应(PCR)、实时定量PCR(Real-time PCR)、16SrDNA鉴定、PCR限制性片段长度多态性( PCR-RFLP)、单核苷酸多态性分析(SNP)、脉冲场凝胶电泳(PFGE)、多位点序列分型(MLST)、多位点串联重复序列分析(VNTR/MLVA)等分子分型方法的应用研究进展予以综述。     

海南1例感染类鼻疽伯克霍尔德菌的溯源调查

目的 对海南1例类鼻疽患者进行感染溯源调查,为类鼻疽防控提供科学依据。方法 采集患者住所周边环境中的泥土、水等样品并进行类鼻疽病原菌分离。通过细菌学试验、16S rDNA测序、特异诊断PCR等方法对疑似菌株进一步鉴定。通过脉冲场凝胶电泳(PFGE)、多位点序列分型(MLST)、多位点可变数串联重复序列分析(MLVA_4)等技术比较并确定环境分离菌株与临床菌株的同源性。结果 采集的58份环境样品中,自患者及邻居家水井水中共分离出3株类鼻疽伯克霍尔德菌(简称类鼻疽伯克菌)。PFGE、MLST、MLVA等分子分型结果证实,1株自患者家井水中分离的类鼻疽伯克菌与患者临床分离株同源。结论 患者及其邻居家水井均被类鼻疽伯克菌污染,水井水很可能是该患者感染类鼻疽病的感染源。     

陕西省鼠疫耶尔森菌MLVA分型研究

目的 掌握陕西省鼠疫耶尔森菌分离株的MLVA基因分型特征,阐明不同疫情年份菌株间的遗传进化关系,为今后陕西省鼠疫的监测防治工作提供科学依据。方法 采用MLVA(14+12)方法,对分离自陕西省鼠疫疫源地的66株鼠疫耶尔森菌进行基因分型,利用BioNumerics(Version7.6)软件对分型结果进行聚类分析。结果 66株鼠疫耶尔森菌分为A、B、C群,根据分离时间聚集成为相应群,A群包含42株菌,其中39株菌分离自2000-2001年,B群包含16株菌,其中15株分离自2006年,C群含8株菌,其中6株分离自1987-1988年。基因型分为19种,8个基因型为多菌株基因型,其他型为单菌株基因型。结论 陕西省鼠疫菌MLVA基因型具有多态性,不同疫情年份菌株主导的基因型不同,MLVA分型能够很好区分陕西省不同年代鼠疫菌株,可用于鼠疫菌株的溯源分析。     

地理信息系统在青海省布鲁杆菌病菌种空间分布中的应用研究

目的 建立布鲁杆菌菌种地理信息系统,了解青海省布鲁杆菌病菌株与菌种的空间分布.方法 113株布鲁杆菌菌株资料来源于青海省地方病预防控制所布鲁杆菌预防控制科,利用地理信息技术软件,建立青海省布鲁杆菌菌种数据地理信息系统库和系统快速查询功能.通过系统快速查询功能和空间分布图层集,检索布鲁杆菌病菌株和菌种的时间和空间分布.结果 通过系统快速查询功能,可查询到113株菌株的时间分布.通过空间分布图层集,可查询到了113株菌株、3种菌种的空间分布.113株菌株分布在青海省21个县(镇、市),其中较多的分别是都兰县(21株)、祁连县(16株)、大柴旦镇(15)株、兴海县(13株)、共和县(10株).羊种菌株103株,分布在青海省的17个县(镇、市),其中较多的分别是都兰县(20株)、祁连县(16株)、大柴旦镇(15株)、兴海县(13株)、共和县(10株)；牛种菌株8株,分布在青海省的6个县(市)；猪种菌株2株,分布在青海省的2个县.结论 成功地建立了青海省布鲁杆菌病菌株与菌种的地理信息系统,通过空间分布图层集可直观地看到布鲁杆菌病菌株与菌种在青海省的空间分布.     

甘肃省鼠疫耶尔森菌多位点可变数目串联重复序列基因分型及地区分布

目的 采用多位点可变数目串联重复序列(MLVA)对甘肃省鼠疫耶尔森菌(鼠疫菌)进行基因分型,探讨甘肃省鼠疫菌地区分布特征。方法 选取1962-2014年间甘肃省各市县(区)不同生态型的鼠疫菌198株,培养并提取基因组DNA。采用14+12对引物进行PCR扩增,产物进行测序,确定每对引物串联重复序列(VNTR)位点的拷贝数。应用BioNumerics 5.10软件对菌株的VNTR位点拷贝数进行聚类分析。结果 甘肃省鼠疫菌分为10个群,群内的菌株依据分离地点继续细化为5-28个分支。10个群分别为:阿拉善黄鼠疫源地菌株聚为1个群;甘南高原疫源地菌株聚成1个群;阿克塞县菌株分成2个群,为当金山群和加尔乌宗村群;肃北县菌株分为3个群,为马场群、党城湾镇群和鱼儿红群;玉门市菌株聚集在肃北县鱼儿红群内;肃南县菌株分为3个群,为大河乡群、马蹄乡群和康乐乡群。结论 MLVA可以清晰地区分甘肃省不同鼠疫疫源地的菌株,将疫源地内菌株继续细分为不同分支,直至精确的分离地点。MLVA分型方法可用于鼠疫菌株的溯源分析。     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.