液体发酵真姬菇多糖高产菌株的筛选

试验研究了18个真姬菇菌株在平板上菌丝的生长速度和液体发酵菌丝体生物量,以及各菌株液体发酵菌丝体胞内多糖、胞外多糖、总多糖的产量。结果表明：不同菌株菌丝在固体平板上的生长速度与液体培养的菌丝体生物量问呈负相关（-0．442）;18个菌株中,胞内多糖产量最高的菌株为49菌株,其产量为244mg/L;胞外多糖产量最高的菌株为JB06菌株,其产量为1353mg/L;总多糖产量高产菌株为JB06,其总多糖产量为1575mg／L。     

多糖、粗蛋白含量高的灰树花菌株筛选

为满足灰树花栽培与加工需求,提供特定优良灰树花菌株,本试验将收集的13个灰树花菌株进行人工栽培、摇瓶发酵培养,通过比较不同菌株子实体间、菌丝体间胞内多糖和粗蛋白含量,筛选出G5、G6菌株胞内多糖含量高,G5菌株适宜子实体提取胞内多糖,G6菌株适宜液体发酵菌丝体提取胞内多糖;G6、G7菌株粗蛋白含量高,G7菌株适宜子实体提取粗蛋白,G6菌株适宜液体发酵菌丝体提取粗蛋白。     

八种灵芝菌株的比较及筛选

比较了8个灵芝菌株的菌丝生长速度、菌丝体生物量及多糖含量等指标。试验结果表明,在PDA培养基上,沂山灵芝菌株菌丝生长速度最快,为9．91mm／d;经150r／min、25℃液体摇床培养10d后,安丘大灵芝菌株获得的菌丝体生物量最高,为1．22g／100mL;济宁圆芝菌丝体中的多糖含量最高,为117．59μg／mg。经过综合分析比较,初步认为沂山灵芝为优势菌株。     

灵芝胞内多糖高产菌株G7深层发酵工艺的研究

通过摇瓶培养实验从 2 2个广泛栽培的灵芝菌株中筛选出了胞内多糖产量最高的菌株 ,并以胞内多糖产量为指标通过单因子及正交实验优化了该菌株深层发酵所需的营养因子及非营养因子条件 ,包括碳源、氮源、初始pH、接种量、装液量、培养时间等。研究发现G7的最佳培养条件及目标产物不同 ,所需的培养时间也不同。G7在对数期内大量形成胞内多糖 ,在 6 0h胞内多糖产量最高达 5 33mg/mL培养液     

赤芝G2深层发酵优化模式的研究

以菌丝体生物量为主要指标,研究了发酵培养基中不同碳源、氮源、C/N比、无机元素等营养因子和接种量、装液量、初始pH、转速等非营养因素对赤芝G2菌丝生长的影响。研究结果表明,赤芝G2规模发酵最适培养基配方为：豆饼粉2％,玉米粉3％,KH2PO40．1％和MgSO40．05％。发酵76h,菌丝体生物量最高(1．15g/100mL);发酵62h,胞内多糖含量最高(22．15％);发酵60h,胞外多糖含量最高(3．16％)。赤芝G2菌丝深层发酵的优化条件为：起始pH自然,种子液摇瓶装量40％,规模培养装液量20％,接种量10％,发酵培养时间76h。     

三种药用灵芝摇瓶发酵营养生理的比较研究

本文比较研究了赤芝Ganoderma lucidum,紫芝Ganoderma sinense,甜芝Ganoderma sp.等3种不同物种灵芝的液体发酵的营养生理特性结果表明：供试灵芝在不同碳源、氮源的液体培养基中进行深层振荡发酵，分别获得不同产量的菌体细胞、胞外多糖、胞内多糖试验发现3种灵芝均以玉米淀粉为最佳碳源，检定的3种目标代谢产物量均显著高于葡萄糖、麦芽糖等碳源，但不同物种灵芝在特定碳源条件下表达的菌体生物量与胞外多糖、胞内多糖产量之间的相关性呈现不同规律试验还对不同氯源条件进行比较，结果显示：3种灵芝均在以酵母粉为有机氯源的培养基中产生较高量的菌体细胞和胞内多糖．但发酵产生胞外多糖的最适氮源不尽相同．赤芝为酵母粉，而紫芝和甜芝则为无机氮源(NII4)2SO4上述主要结果对灵芝类药用成分的发酵生产工艺具有参考价值。     

灵芝胞外多糖高产菌株筛选及其深层发酵培养基的优化

运用反馈抑制理论构建了耐灵芝胞外多糖 (EPS)反馈抑制的筛选模型。添加在筛选培养基中的其指示因子同源胞外多糖浓度为 2 .34g/L。将实验室保藏的 37株灵芝菌株输入该模型 ,即可检出耐灵芝胞外多糖反馈抑制作用最强、产胞外多糖能力最强的菌株GL0 2 9。然后在基础培养基的基础上用正交试验方法优化GL0 2 9深层发酵培养基。结果表明 ,组合碳源和组合氮源培养基最适合该菌株深层发酵生产灵芝胞外多糖。深层发酵培养基配方为 :蔗糖 10 g/L ,玉米粉15 g/L ,蛋白胨 2 g/L ,酵母膏 1g/L ,KCl 0 .5g/L ,KH2 PO4 ·7H2 O 0 .5 g/L ,pH自然。于 30℃、12 0r/min摇瓶培养 9d ,该菌株的胞外多糖产量高达 3.0 7g/L。     

灵芝发酵液体种子培养条件研究

以菌丝体生物量为主要指标,结合发酵液多糖含量,研究灵芝发酵液体种子培养的营养因子和非营养因素.结果表明,适宜灵芝G5760菌株发酵液体种子的培养基配方为麦麸粉5%,黄豆饼粉3%,KH2PO40.10%,MgSO40.09%;而优化发酵条件为初始pH5.5,装液量32%,菌种种龄6d,接种量10%,培养时间8～9d.     

不同灵芝菌丝体中三萜与多糖含量的比较

根据十九种不同来源的灵芝菌株的生长速度及长势，从中选出了菌丝体阶段生长性能良好的10个菌株进行液体培养，并测定了菌丝中三萜和多糖的含量。结果表明，不同灵芝菌株在三萜和多糖含量上存在着一定的差异，其中多糖含量以汉城2号，日本灵芝，南韩灵芝为高；三萜含量却以韩国灵芝、灵芝0772、灵芝0771为高，并且二者的含量不存在必然的联系，这为灵芝优良品种的筛选提供了理论依据。     

二株茶薪菇菌丝多糖深层发酵的培养特征比较与条件控制

以2株茶薪菇为试材,研究比较了其多糖深层发酵的培养特征及发酵的控制条件。结果表明:茶薪菇多糖发酵罐深层培养以26℃,pH 6.5,150~250r/min搅拌,0.03~0.05MPa罐压,0.2~0.4m3/h通风,发酵96h较适宜;菌丝胞内多糖达937~1 080mg/g。2个菌株罐批培养多糖高峰期与摇瓶一致,但产量略高,较固体栽培子实体多糖高1.3~1.5倍,时间缩短12倍。比较发现,菌株U27厚垣孢子数量较多,液体培养效果较好,摇瓶种子菌球小而齐,直径1.0~2.0mm,密度(1.5~2.5)×103个/mL,液体深层发酵的菌丝多糖达1 080mg/g,为子实体多糖的1.5倍,是1株良好的多糖深层发酵的生产菌株。     

Effects of radiation from 188Re on smooth muscle cell proliferation

AIM: Although endovascular radiotherapy inhibits neointimal hyperplasia, the exact alterations induced by β-particles irradiation remain to be elucidated. The objective of this study was to investigate the ability and the cellular mechanism of local β^-particles emission from ¹⁸⁸Re to inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). METHODS: The SMCs in vitro were irradiated by ¹⁸⁸Re with single doses of 2.6 Gy-25.8 Gy. The effects of β-particles on SMCs, such as effective irradiate doses, the period of inhibition for SMCs proliferation, the changes of cell proliferation rate and DNA synthesis rate, cell cycle progression and related gene expression, were investigated by cell count, [³H]-TdR incorporation, cell cycle progression analysis, cell viability and immunocytochemistry, respectivecy. RESULTS: β-particles irradiation with dose of 5.2 Gy could inhibit significantly SMCs proliferation. At dose of 20.6 Gy DNA synthesis inhibitory rate was 92%, SMCs proliferation rate was only 3%. Renoval of ¹⁸⁸Re did not abolish the inhibitory effects of β-particles on SMCs proliferation. The expression of P53 was up regulation and PCNA was down regulation after irradiation. CONCLUSION: β-particles from ¹⁸⁸ Re was significantly effective and permanent in inhibiting SMCs proliferation, and inhibitory effect was in dose-dependet manner ED50was 5 Gy, the best dose to inhibit SMCs proliferation was 20 Gy. β-particles irradiation induced SMCs to occur G₀/G₁ arrest, damaged the ability of SMCs reproliferation and led to cell clonogenic death. P53 and PCNA had regulatiory effects on SMCs proliferation after β-particles irradiation.     

多效唑对猕猴桃离体试管苗生长及内源激素的影响

多效唑（ＰＰ３３３）处理猕猴桃试管苗，降低了其生长强度；植株体内的ＧＡ３、ＩＡＡ和ＺＴ含量下降，ＡＢＡ的含量上升，乙烯释放率增加；并且能降低外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ促进生长的作用，而外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ又能不同程度地逆转多效唑的抑制作用，使植株恢复生长。     

Proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin

AIM: To investigate and screen the sensitive proteins in the formation mechanism of pathological scars by comparing the results of differential proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin.METHODS: Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was used to detect the protein expression profiles in 8 keloid patients, 8 hypertrophic scar patients and 3 matched normal skin patients.The proteins that showed differential expression of over 4-fold change were cut and analyzed by MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry.RESULTS: A two-dimensional protein profiling comparison between pathological scars and normal skin was successfully established.On average, 2 978 spots in keloid, 2 975 spots in hypertrophic scar and 3 053 spots in normal skin were identified using gel analysis software.Compared with normal skin, there were totally 36 differentially-expressed proteins in keloid and hypertrophic scar identified from the spots of over 4-fold change, including 16 proteins in both keloid and hypertrophic scar (8 up-regulated and 8 down-regulated), 11 only in keloid (9 up-regulated and 2 down-regulated) and 9 only in hypertrophic scar (4 up-regulated and 5 down-regulated).CONCLUSION: Proteomic analysis can identify the proteins with variance of pathological scars versus normal skin, thus providing probable new clues to reveal the formation mechanism of pathological scars.     

Coupling past management practice and historic landscape change on John F. Kennedy Space Center,Florida

Historic landcover dynamics in a scrubby flatwoods (Tel-4) and scrub landscape (Happy Creek) on John F. Kennedy Space Center were measured using aerial images from 1943, 1951, 1958, 1969, 1979, and 1989. Landcover categories were mapped, digitized, geometrically registered, and overlaid in ARC/INFO. Both study sites have been influenced by various land use histories, including periods of range management, fire suppression, and fire management. Several analyses were performed to help understand the effects of past land management on the amount and spatial distribution of landcover within the study sites. A chi-squared analysis showed a significant difference between the frequency of landcover occurrence and management period. Markov chain models were used to project observed changes over a 100-year period; these showed current management practices being effective at Tel-4 (restoring historic landscape structure) and much less effective at Happy Creek. Documenting impacts of past management regimes on landcover has provided important insight into current landscape composition and will provide the basis for improving land management on Kennedy Space Center and elsewhere.     

XBP-01 accelerated apoptosis induced by oxidized low density lipoprotein in vascular smooth muscle cells

AIM: Previous studies performed with XBP-01 in vitro indicated that XBP-01 could inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells from being transformed into foam cell and could eliminate the atherosclerotic plaque in C57BL/6J mouse. This experiment is to investigate its mechanism of eliminating plaques in vitro. METHODS: The cultured porcine artery smooth muscle cells incubated with XBP-01 of 0.1 mg/L for 24 h after preincubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein of 15 mg/L for 72 h in vitro. The samples were analyzed by fluorescence microscope, confocal microscope system and flow cytometry. RESULTS: Apoptosis was triggered by being incubated with oxidized low density lipoprotein and this process was accelerated additionally by being incubated with XBP-01. CONCLUSION: XBP-01 can be effective in eliminating atherosclerotic plaque by accelerating the process in which oxidized low density lipoprotein induced smooth muscle cell apoptosis.     

The effect of exposure on landscape scale soil surface temperatures and species distribution models

Species distribution models (SDMs) often use elevation as a surrogate for temperature or utilise elevation sensitive interpolations from weather stations. These methods may be unsuitable at the landscape scale, especially where there are sparse weather stations, dramatic variations in exposure or low elevational ranges. The goal of this study was to determine whether radiation, moisture or a novel estimate of exposure could improve temperature estimates and SDMs for vegetation on the Illawarra Escarpment, near Sydney, Australia. Forty temperature sensors were placed on the soil surface of an approximately 12,000 ha study site between November 2004 and August 2006. Linear regression was used to determine the relationship with environmental factors. Elevation was correlated more with moderate temperatures (winter maximums, summer minimums, spring and autumn averages) than extreme temperatures (summer maximums, winter minimums). The correlation (r ²) between temperature and environmental factors was improved by up to 0.38 by incorporating exposure, moisture and radiation in the regressions. Summer maximums and winter minimums were predominately determined by exposure to the NW and coastal influences respectively, while exposure to the NE and SW was important during other seasons. These directions correspond with the winds that are most influential in the study area. The improved temperature estimates were used in Generalised Additive Models for 37 plant species. The deviance explained by most models was increased relative to elevation, especially for moist rainforest species. It was concluded that improving the accuracy of seasonal temperature estimates could improve our ability to explain the patchy distribution of many species. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

Expression and significance of c-IAP2 and GAS1 in Hodgkin's lymphoma and anaplastic large cell lymphoma

AIM: To detect the expression of cytoplasmic inhibitor of apoptosis protein 2 (c-IAP2) and growth arrest-specific gene 1 (GAS1) in Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) and anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) and to investigate the role of two genes in the pathogenesis of HL and ALCL.METHODS: HE staining, the antibodies CD30, CD15, CD45RO and CD20 were used to screen the cases of HL and ALCL from 288 cases of lymphoma. The clarified HL and ALCL were subjected for immunohistochemical staining by SP and ABC methods to analyze the expression of c-IAP2 and GAS1. RESULTS: ①The positive rate of c-IAP2 in HL was 25/26(96.1%) while that in ALCL was 6/19(31.6%), there presented statistic significance between HL and ALCL groups(P<0.05), meanwhile the positive rate of GAS1 showed statistic significance between HL and ALCL groups(P<0.05). ②Two cases were showed to be a mixed type combined with large tumor cells of HL and relatively smaller tumor cells of ALCL.CONCLUSION: ①The different expression of c-IAP2 and GAS1 in HL and ALCL implied a different mechanism of oncogenesis and the different defects in the pathway of signal transduction of apoptosis in HL and ALCL;②Few cases showed an overlap and a likely transitional state between HL and ALCL; ③The different expressing manner of GAS1 and c-IAP2 in HL and ALCL implied the potential marks for the differential dignosis of two kinds of lymphoma.     

Effects of patch attributes, barriers, and distance between patches on the distribution of a rock-dwelling rodent (Lagidium viscacia)

We tested whether size of habitat patches and distance between patches are sufficient to predict the distribution of the mountain vizcacha Lagidium viscacia a large, rock-dwelling rodent of the Patagonian steppe Argentina, or whether information on other patch and landscape characteristics also is required. A logistic regression model including the distance between rock crevices and depth of crevices, distance between a patch and the nearest occupied patch, and whether or not there was a river separating it from the nearest occupied patch was a better predictor of patch occupancy by mountain vizcachas than was a model based only on patch size and distance between patches. Our results indicate that a simple metapopulation analysis based on size of habitat patches and distance between patches may not provide an accurate representation of regional population dynamics if patches vary in habitat quality independently of patch size and features in the matrix alter connectivity. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Inhibitory β-adrenergic receptor in heart

β₃-adrenergic receptor is the third subtype of β-adrenergic receptors. The genetic structure and pharmacological property of β₃-adrenergic receptor are markedly distinguished from β₁-and β₂-adrenergic receptor subtypes. Recently studies show that myocardial β₃-adrenergic receptor mediates negative inotropic effect through Gi-protein/NO/cGMP pathway, the expression of β₃-adrenergic receptor and negative inotropic effect mediated by β₃-adrenergic receptor are increased in heart failure. However, because of the low expression of β₃-adrenergic receptor in the heart, the actual pathophysiological significance of β₃-adrenergic receptor remains unknown.