刺五加注射液对多发性脑梗塞大鼠学习记忆的影响

目的：探讨刺五加注射液对多发性脑梗塞致血管性痴呆大鼠学习记忆的影响。方法：雄性Wistar大鼠36只,随机分为正常对照组、模型组及刺五加注射液组（90 mg•kg^-1）。将血凝块经颈内动脉注射,制作大鼠血管痴呆模型,通过Morris水迷宫实验、跳台实验及皮层和海马组织病理,观察刺五加注射液对血管性痴呆大鼠学习记忆相关指标及病理学改变。结果：与模型组比较,刺五加注射液组大鼠第2、5和6天达到平台的潜伏期均明显缩短（P<0.05）,第1、2、5和6天到达平台的游程均明显缩短（P<0.05或P<0.01）;寻找平台的策略由边缘型、随机型转为趋向型、直线型增快（P<0.05或P<0.01）;第1天、第2天跳台的错误次数亦明显减少（P<0.05）。刺五加注射液对多发性脑梗塞血管性痴呆大鼠皮层及海马的病理变化无明显减轻。结论：刺五加注射液对多发性脑梗塞致血管性痴呆大鼠学习记忆有改善作用。     

健脑通络益智方对血管性痴呆大鼠脑部病理组织学影响的实验研究

为观察健脑络益智方对血管性痴呆大鼠部病理组织学的影响,探讨其治疗血管性痴呆的作用机理。从颈外动脉注射栓子造成多发性脑梗塞,加注山莨菪碱,以记忆力检测模型,测量各组大鼠脑内皮层、下丘脑、海马、纹状体部的病理组织学。结果：给药组大脑4个部位病变程度有不同程度改善,尤以大脑皮层明显。结论：健通络益智方具有减轻血管性痴呆动脉脑内病变的作用。     

62例老年人脑梗塞后痴呆的危险因素分析

目的 探讨老年人脑梗塞后痴呆的危险因素。方法 对200例老年脑梗塞患者在家庭病床住院期间均行临床和智能评估，头颅MRI检查，对研究资料先进行单因素分析，然后进行多因索非条件Logistic回归模型分析。结果 本组脑梗塞后痴呆的发生率为31．0H，统计分析表明：以多发性梗塞、左半球梗塞、大梗塞、颈动脉狭窄、以往脑血管病史、高血压病、糖尿病、心脏病、文化程度低、吸烟、高脂血症、酗酒为老年人脑梗塞后痴呆的主要危险因素。结论 老年人脑梗塞后痴呆是由多因素决定的，积极对危险因素的干预，可预防血管性痴呆的发生。     

CT与血管性痴呆

血管性痴呆实际上是由一系列脑血管因素导致脑组织损害所引起的痴呆综合症，导致痴呆的主要原因是脑梗塞，特别是多发性脑梗塞患者，作系列心理学量表检查，其中42．92％有智能阻碍Ⅲ。多数脑梗塞患者，在CT检查中可见到明显的病灶。     

西宁地区老年期血管性痴呆的MRI诊断与临床关系

目的：研究老年期血管性痴呆的核磁共振（MRI）诊断及其临床意义;方法：通过Hackinski缺血计分及头颅CT检查区分血管性痴呆（VD）及阿尔采默氏痴呆（AD）,并对多部位梗塞灶的VD患者行MRI检查。对颅内径线进行测量,与无认知障碍的病人对比;结果：VD患者发生多部位硬塞时,发生脑室扩大,大脑皮层萎缩的程度较无痴呆的多发性脑梗塞患者明显,差异非常显著（P＜0．01）;结论：脑梗塞部位、大小、范围与痴呆有密切关系。VD患者合并有多部位脑梗塞时,其脑萎缩程度明显重于无痴呆的多发性脑梗塞病人。     

银杏叶片对血管性痴呆大鼠的MDA、SOD及AchE的影响

目的 研究银杏叶片对大鼠学习记忆功能及其脑内MDA、SOD和AchE的影响。方法 利用多发性脑梗死致血管性痴呆模型，以水迷宫为学习记忆评价指标，测定脑海马匀浆中AchE、SOD、MDA活力。结果 银杏叶片对多发性脑梗死致血管性痴呆大鼠的学习记忆功能有不同程度的提高，并显著提高大鼠海马内SOD活性，抑制AchE的活力，显著降低MDA含量。结论 银杏叶片能增强血管性痴呆模型动物学习记忆功能，其作用机制可能与其抑制AchE活力，降低MDA含量，提高SOD活性有关。     

参麻益智胶囊对血管性痴呆大鼠体内非酶糖基化的作用

目的 证实参麻益胶囊治疗血管性痴呆的药效及探讨其作用机制。方法 制作血管痴呆(多发性脑梗死痴呆)动物模型，观察各组大鼠脑组织的形态学改变，通过水迷宫实验测定各组大鼠的智力，检测各组大鼠血红蛋白糖化值和脑组织蛋白糖化值。结果 多发性脑梗死动物脑组织血管间隙略宽，胶质细胞增生，迷宫游泳时间延长，蛋白糖化值增加。参麻益智胶囊可降低血管性痴呆大鼠蛋白糖化值，缩短迷宫游泳时间。结论 血管性痴呆大鼠蛋白糖化值增加，智力下降。参麻益智胶囊对血管性痴呆大鼠有治疗作用。     

血管性痴呆与脑梗死

目的　探讨血管性痴呆 (VaD)与脑梗死的关系 ,以明确脑梗死部位及大小在血管性痴呆形成中的作用。方法　根据国际通用的血管性痴呆诊断标准随机收集门诊及住院血管性痴呆患者进行CT及核磁分析。结果　多发性脑梗死、双侧脑梗死 (皮层及皮层下 )、颞叶梗死与血管性痴呆的发生呈正相关。结论　多发性梗死及梗塞部位对VaD有重要诊断价值 ,应给予高度重视     

老年期血管性痴呆35例临床观察

目的探讨研究老年期血管性痴呆症的临床特点及患病危险因素.方法回顾性分析我院确诊的老年期血管性痴呆症患者35例的临床资料,观察其痴呆程度与梗塞灶(出血灶)面积、数目、部位之间的关系.结果本组35例痴呆患者中多灶性脑梗塞21例,占60%;额、顶、颞、枕叶梗塞9例,丘脑梗塞7例,小脑梗塞1例,脑干梗塞2例,脑萎缩伴明显侧脑室周围低密度23例;跟踪过程中有3例患者痴果症状严重,均为多发性及大面积面梗塞.结论预防和控制心脑血管疾病,是治疗和减轻血管性痴呆的关键环节,再配合肢体功能的康复训练会收到较好效果.     

血管性痴呆研究进展

血管性痴呆(vascular dementia,VaD)是由脑血管病(如脑梗塞、脑出血、皮层下白质的缺血性改变)引起的有痴呆表现的临床综合征.血管性痴呆的神经病理分类包括缺血性和出血性脑损害所致的痴呆以及低血氧-低灌流性痴呆.血管性痴呆实际上是一系列由于血管因素引起的痴呆综合征,临床以多发性脑梗死性痴呆(MID)较多见.血管性痴呆的危险因素包括年龄、种族、遗传因素和与中风相关的因素等.阿尔茨海默病(AD)和血管性痴呆(VaD)是老年人中最常见的两种痴呆类型,两者之间具有极为复杂的关联,其发病率均随年龄增长而增高,而且经常相互伴随发病.对血管性痴呆最关键的治疗就是预防卒中的发生,而预防的关键则在于控制引起血管性痴呆发生的危险因素.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Electro-Acupuncture Combined with the Trigger Point Needle-Embedding for Treatment of Primary Trigeminal Neuralgia in 31 Cases

In recent years, the author of this essay has applied electro-acupuncture combined with the trigger point needle-embedding for treatment of primary trigeminal neuralgia in 31 cases, yielding satis- factory results as reported in the following.     

Investigation of Matrix Metalloproteinase -1, 2 and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases-1 in Endometriosis

Objective： To explore the role of matrix metalloproteinase-1,2 （MMP-1, MMP-2） and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases-1 （TIMP-1） in endometriosis. Methods： The eutopic and ectopic endometria from 40 subjects suffering from endometriosis and regular.endometria from 40 subjects （excluding endometriosis） were collected and examined by in situ hybridization technology and western blot assay. Results： Both expressions of MMP-1 and -2 were stronger in ectopic endometrium and eutopic endometrium than in normal endometrium. On the contrary, the expression of TIMP-1 in ectopic endometrium and eutopic endometrium was lower. The differences were significant （P 〈 0.01 ）. Moreover, there was no relationship among the expressions of MMP-1, 2 and TIMP-1 in ectopic endometrium. Conclusion： The expressions of MMP-1, 2 and TIMP-1 lose balance and lack of periodic changes in ectopic endometrium , which explains the biological invasive behavior of endometriosis. It was suggested-that regulating the balance between the MMPs and TIMP-1 should be an ideal therapeutic target to endometriosis.     

Shi Da-zhuo (史大卓) —An outstanding cardiologist of integrative medicine

Prof. SHI Da-zhuo, Ph.D., male, was born on March 20, 1960. Prof. SHI entered the Ph.D. program in 1990 at the China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences under the supervision of Prof. CHEN Ke-ji, majoring in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. After receiving his Ph.D. degree in 1993, Prof. SHI started working at the Cardiovascular Center in Xiyuan Hospital affiliated to China Academy of Chinese Medical sciences.     

Persist in and Carry Forward the Integrative Medical Research——Speech at the 6th National General Congress of Chinese Association of Integrative Medicine by Academician CHEN Zhu,Minister of Ministry of Health

The 6th National General Congress of Chinese Association of Integrative Medicine （CALM） was convened at 19-20, April 2008 in Beijing. Academician CHEN Zhu, the minister of Ministry of Health indicated at the congress that the integration of Chinese and Western medicine is very well in keeping with the situation of our country and the general rule of development in medical science; and as a good integration of Chinese medicine and Western medicine, it is mutually beneficial and advantageous to both of them. Seeing the creativity shown in integrative medical investigation in theoretic and methodological sides, we should and must persist in and develop it.