中空松质骨螺钉治疗儿童股骨颈骨折的生物力学及临床研究

目的 探讨中空松质骨螺钉治疗儿童股骨颈骨折的生物力学性能及临床疗效。方法 收集6具国人儿童新鲜股骨标本，分别采用3枚中空松质骨螺钉“品”字形固定，3枚克氏针“品”字形固定，并进行生物力学测试。临床应用经皮中空松质骨螺钉内固定治疗儿童股骨颈骨折15例。结果 中空松质骨螺钉固定使股骨颈在抗压、抗扭等生物力学性能上较克氏针优越（P〈0．05）。随访1～2年，平均1．3年，15例患者均愈合，其中1例股骨颈骨折股骨头变扁坏死。功能评价：优12例（80％），良3例（20％）。结论 中空松质骨螺钉治疗儿童股骨颈骨折比克氏针固定更具有生物力学优势，而且使骨折断端嵌插紧密，能加速骨折愈合，减少并发症，是治疗少儿股骨颈骨折理想的方法。     

Fracture-dislocation of the tarsal navicular in a soccer player

We describe an unusual injury of the mid-tarsal region in a soccer goalkeeper. The injury occurred in a training game as a result of an abduction-plantar-flexion. Radiographs showed a fracture-dislocation of the tarsal navicular. The patient was treated by closed reduction with percutaneous fixation using two Kirschner wires. The end-result was satisfactory but the patient felt pain in the mid-foot during and after sports activities and was unable to continue playing as a goalkeeper.     

Olecranon stress fracture in a weight lifter: a case report

Stress fractures have been reported in the upper limb of sportspeople involved in upper limb dominated events. Olecranon stress fractures have been cited in baseball pitchers, javelin throwers, and gymnasts. The unusual case of a stress fracture of the olecranon in a young weight lifter is reported here. The minimally displaced stress fracture was treated with tension band and two Kirschner wires. The fracture healed in four months and the patient returned to light sports activity after six months.     

不同影像学方法对肱骨近端移位骨折分型的价值

目的　探讨普通X线片、二维CT、螺旋CT三维重建对肱骨近端移位骨折分型的价值。方法　搜集经手术治疗的肱骨近端移位骨折 4 6例 ,使用 3组不同的影像学方法 ,A组 :普通X线片4 6例 ,B组 :普通X线片结合二维CT横切面图像 18例 ;C组 :螺旋CT表面阴影成像 (SSD)、多平面重建术 (MPR)和原始二维横切面图像 10例。根据Neer分型法对骨折进行分型 ,比较不同的影像学方法对肱骨近端骨折分型的正确例数 ,并评价螺旋CT三维重建在肱骨近端骨折治疗中的作用。结果　A组 4 6例肱骨近端移位骨折中 ,Neer 2部分骨折 2 6例 ,Neer 3部分骨折 13例 ,Neer 4部分骨折 7例 ,普通X线片对Neer 2部分骨折正确分型为 2 2例 ,对Neer 3、4部分骨折正确分型为 8例 ,两者比较 ,差异有显著性意义 (P <0 0 5 )。B组 18例肱骨近端移位骨折中 ,Neer 2部分骨折 3例 ,Neer3部分骨折 9例 ,Neer 4部分骨折 6例 ,普通X线片结合二维CT图像对Neer 3、4部分骨折正确分型为 7例。C组 10例肱骨近端骨折中 ,Neer 2部分骨折 1例 ,Neer 3部分骨折 5例 ,Neer 4部分骨折 4例 ,螺旋CTSSD、MPR结合二维CT横切面图像对Neer 3、4部分骨折正确分型为 8例。就Neer 3、4部分骨折正确分型而言 ,3种不同的影像学方法对骨折正确分型结果的比较差异有显著性意义 (P <     

双克氏针法在经皮固定胫骨下段粉碎性骨折术中的应用

目的：探讨双克氏针法应用于经皮固定胫骨下段粉碎性骨折术中的安全性和有效性。方法回顾分析2009年3月～2012年3月收治且选择AO分型为C型的100例胫骨粉碎性骨折患者临床资料,均采用微创经皮钢板内固定术,按双克氏针确保钢板插入方向法和凭经验确定方向法分为A组（50例）和B组（50例）。两组患者性别、年龄、致伤原因、骨折分型以及伤后至手术时间比较,差异均无统计学意义（P＞0．05）,具有可比性。比较两组患者手术时间、术中出血量、骨折愈合时间以及并发症发生率。结果 A组手术时间短于B组,A组术中出血量及术后并发症发生率明显少于B组（ P＜0．05）。两组患者在骨折愈合时间方面差异无统计学意义（ P＞0．05）。结论双克氏针法用于胫骨下段粉碎性骨折微创经皮钢板内固定术安全有效,缩短了手术时间,减少了术后并发症的发生。     

桡骨远端复杂关节内骨折两种治疗策略疗效分析

目的 比较研究锁定加压钢板(LCP)与克氏针结合外固定支架治疗桡骨远端复杂关节内骨折的疗效及适应证. 方法 分别以LCP和克氏针结合外固定支架治疗复杂的桡骨远端关节内骨折共98例,对术后手的握持力、腕关节各方向活动度等方面进行回顾性评估和比较,初步评价其临床疗效. 结果 随访4～20个月,平均12.4个月,均获得骨折愈合.参照1990年纽约骨科医院腕关节评估标准,对于AO/ASIF分型C1、C2型骨折,LCP组与克氏针结合外固定支架组疗效比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),C3型骨折克氏针结合外固定支架疗效优越(P<0.05).结论对于闭合性桡骨远端C1、C2型骨折,可选择掌侧LCP或克氏针结合外固定支架固定.而对于远端粉碎严重的C3型骨折,选择克氏针结合外固定支架疗效相对优越.     

分叉克氏针治疗髌骨骨折

目的研究分叉克氏针治疗髌骨骨折的临床效果。方法用分叉克氏针治疗髌骨骨折27例,用经典的克氏针钢丝张力带固定治疗髌骨骨折32例。比较术后两组手术所用时间、骨折愈合时间、术后并发症、术后3个月时膝关节屈曲角度。结果分叉克氏针组临床骨折愈合时间平均(10±1.8)周,术后3个月关节屈曲角度平均为(120.5±11)°,手术时间平均65 m in。并发症发生率3.7%;经典克氏针钢丝张力带组临床骨折愈合时间平均(12±1.8)周,术后3个月膝关节屈曲角度平均(110.0±15.5)°,手术时间平均61 m in,并发症发生率28.1%。结论分叉克氏针治疗髌骨骨折相比克氏针钢丝张力带治疗,并发症发生率低,骨折愈合时间相对较短,关节功能恢复好,是一种有效的治疗方法。     

负压吸引结合微创分期策略治疗胫腓骨开放性骨折

目的观察负压吸引结合微创分期策略治疗胫腓骨开放性骨折的疗效。方法回顾性分析2010年3月~2014年5月收治的60例Gustilo-ⅢA和ⅢB型开放性胫腓骨骨折病例的临床资料,其中男性32例,女性28例;年龄18~65岁,平均30.6岁。采用负压创面治疗技术结合微创分期策略治疗,Ⅰ期手术彻底清创,使用克氏针、螺钉、钢丝或可吸收线进行有限固定。然后按照创面的大小安装合适的负压吸引装置。术后应用抗生素预防感染治疗,1周后打开负压封闭吸引装置,观察肉芽组织生成情况,视伤口情况再次进行负压封闭引流(VSD)覆盖或行植皮、皮瓣转移覆盖。Ⅱ期手术应用锁定加压钢板或微创内固定系统(LISS)钢板进行闭合复位经皮微创插入钢板内固定术。观察疗效和并发症,探讨该术式适应证和并发症的防治,并进行1年以上的随访,观察其远期疗效。结果负压吸引结合微创分期策略治疗胫腓骨开放性骨折住院时间短,治疗费用少,术后并发症少,骨折愈合快,平均愈合时间7.2个月。结论负压创面治疗技术结合微创分期策略治疗高能量胫腓骨开放性骨折安全微创、简单、切实可行,且并发症相对较少,值得推广。     

Stress fractures of the olecranon in javelin throwers

Between the years 1977 and 1984, four javelin throwers with a stress fracture of the olecranon were seen and treated. In one patient, acute painful dislocation of the fracture occurred during a competitive throw. Two patients had stress fracture of the tip. The fracture treated conservatively healed in 18 months. The patient treated by excision of the tip was able to throw after 2 months. Two patients had slightly oblique, more distally located stress fractures, which were treated with a tension band and 2 Kirschner wires. The fractures healed in 4 months. One of the patients had a refracture 11 months after the primary operation. It was successfully treated with a compression screw and two bone pegs. Because of the high risk of delayed union and nonunion, stress fractures of the olecranon should be treated operatively in javelin throwers.     

Use of Cryoablation and Osteoplasty Reinforced with Kirschner Wires in the Treatment of Femoral Metastasis

Purpose

We report the case of a 43-year-old man with metastatic breast carcinoma to the proximal right femur resulting in severe painful pathological fracture. The patient experienced severe pain despite large doses of analgesia, resulting in impaired functionality and quality of life. The patient had significant comorbidities, making him a high surgical risk.

Materials and Methods

The patient was treated with cryoablation and osteoplasty, followed by a novel technique consisting of osteoplasty reinforced with bone marrow Kirschner wires (K-wires) which will be described in details in this report.

Results

The patient reported significant pain relief after the procedure, and gained right lower extremity functionality, as compared to total immobility before the procedure.

Conclusion

Our technique offers an alternative feasible treatment for patients at high surgical risk with pathological fractures in weight-bearing bones, in which osteoplasty alone has a high risk of cement leakage, inadequate fracture reduction, and early refracture. To our knowledge, our technique has not been previously described.     

克氏针固定并皮下神经前置术治疗肱骨髁上骨折疗效分析

目的探讨尺神经皮下前置术在治疗肱骨髁上并尺神经损伤的疗效。方法回顾分析2004～2007年收治的此类患者58例,获得随诊50例,分别行单纯克氏针固定和克氏针固定并尺神经皮下前置术,术后评估优良率,观察尺神经恢复疗效。结果单纯固定组优良率为65%,固定并神经前置组优良率为80%,两组疗效不存在显著差异。结论Ⅰ期行尺神经皮下前置能提高尺神经损伤的恢复率,中重度伴有尺神经损伤的患者神经前置远期恢复更佳;未行神经前置的病例,若后期出现迟发性尺神经炎,可再行探查并皮下前置。     

成人肱骨远端骨折的手术治疗分析

目的探讨成人肱骨远端骨折(含髁间骨折)的手术内固定方法和疗效。方法 2006年1月—2009年6月手术治疗成人肱骨远端骨折患者50例,其中陈旧性骨折3例,开放性骨折10例。AO/ASIF分型:A型3例,B型7例,C型40例。按照不同的骨折类型采用相应的内固定并进行功能锻炼。定期随访并手术后1、3、6个月拍片,了解骨折愈合和关节功能恢复情况。结果 50例均获得随访,随访时间6～24个月,平均13个月,50例均骨折愈合,肘关节功能恢复满意。结论对成人肱骨远端骨折采用手术方法 ,术中充分显露,骨折关节面解剖复位,在髁上部利用钢板,螺钉,克氏针合理运用牢靠固定,可以获得满意的治疗效果。     

解剖钢板治疗老年肱骨外科颈粉碎性骨折

目的探讨应用解剖钢板内固定治疗老年患者肱骨外科颈粉碎性骨折的手术治疗效果。方法选择臂丛神经阻滞麻醉,取上臂上段前内侧切口经三角肌胸大肌间隙入路显露肱骨外科颈骨折,直视下将骨折复位,应用解剖钢板做内固定,伴有肱骨头骨折者用松质骨螺钉固定。结果本组24例,得到随访者21例,另2例外地患者失访,1例因为其他疾患术后3个月死亡。年龄62～86岁,平均72.5岁,随访9个月～3年,平均18个月,骨折均愈合,肩关节无疼痛,通过功能锻炼,肩关节功能基本恢复正常。结论老年患者肱骨外科颈粉碎性骨折通过切开复位解剖钢板内固定,可达到解剖复位,骨折愈合良好,功能恢复满意,明显改善患者生活质量。     

Treatment of trans-scaphoid perilunate dislocations using a volar approach with scaphoid osteosynthesis and temporary Kirschner wire fixation

Trans-scaphoid perilunate fracture dislocations (TSPLD) are uncommon injuries and constitute about 3% of all carpal injuries. Up to 25% of these high energy trauma cases go undiagnosed. Presented are 43 (3 female, 40 male) consecutive patients treated for dorsal TSPLD, all were closed fractures. Patients were between 17 and 66 years old. Twenty male patients were injured in active duty military service. Surgical treatment was made with a volar approach using titanium cannulated headless compression screws (3.2 mm) placed via a guide wire. Repositioning the dislocated carpus is then conducted using 3 temporary fixation Kirschner wires (1.6 mm). The patient had a volar short arm splint for 4 weeks, then given an orthosis. Triple fixation Kirschner wires were removed 6-8 weeks postoperatively. Mean followup period was 29 months (range 20-38). The average Mayo wrist score for all 43 patients is 87 (good) (range 65-99). All patients returned to their previous employment.     

Lung abscess: CT-guided drainage

Lung abscesses were drained by means of catheters guided by computed tomography (CT) in 19 patients who still had sepsis despite standard medical therapy; all patients had received antibiotics for at least 5 days, and 11 of the 19 patients had undergone bronchoscopy. The abscess was cured (by clinical and radiographic criteria) in all 19 patients (100%), and surgery was avoided in 16 of the 19 patients (84%). Three patients underwent surgery for removal of organized tissue or decortication after the lung abscess was evacuated. Complications included a hemothorax that required a chest tube in one patient and three minor complications (a clogged catheter in two patients and transient elevation of intracerebral pressure in one patient). The hemothorax occurred in one of two patients in whom the catheter traversed normal lung. The percutaneous drainage catheters traversed juxtaposed abnormal pleura on route to the abscess in 17 of the patients. CT-guided drainage of lung abscess is an effective method to treat lung abscesses that are refractory to conventional therapy; the procedure should obviate major operation in most patients. A catheter route through abscess-pleural syndesis is preferable, and CT is useful for planning this route.     

Delayed hemothorax after blunt trauma without rib fractures

Delayed hemothorax after blunt trauma is a rare, significantly morbid entity described in the current literature associated with displaced rib fractures. This report describes a case of delayed hemothorax after blunt trauma without rib fracture. The patient presented to a routine clinic appointment 72 hours after injuring himself while snowboarding. Chest radiographs at initial visit were negative for significant pathology. Eight hours later, the patient presented again with worsening chest pain and dyspnea. Repeat radiographs revealed a large right-sided hemothorax. The patient was treated with tube thoracostomy and remained an inpatient for 6 days. This case is unique because, unlike previously reported delayed hemothorax after blunt trauma, this patient had no evidence of rib fractures.     

应用微创经皮钢板固定技术结合解剖钢板治疗胫骨远端粉碎性骨折

目的探讨应用微创经皮钢板固定法（MIPPO）结合解剖钢板治疗胫骨远端粉碎性骨折的临床效果。方法对25例胫骨远端粉碎性骨折采用胫骨远端解剖钢板应用微创经皮钢板固定技术（MIPPO）治疗。骨折分型按AO分型A型14例,B型2例,C型9例。结果本组病例随访5～25个月,平均14个月,伤口全部愈合,其中2例延迟愈合,皆为糖尿病患者。X线片示骨痂出现时间12周,无短缩以及旋转畸形,外观无明显畸形,膝踝关节功能正常。按Johner-Wruhs胫骨骨折疗效评定标准,优19例,良4例,中2例;优良率为92％。结论MIPPO技术结合解剖钢板治疗胫骨远端粉碎性骨折具有优势,降低了手术损伤,提高治疗成功率,有利于患者肢体功能的恢复。     

微创经皮钢板接骨术结合肱骨近端接骨板治疗肱骨近端二部分、三部分骨折

目的探讨采用微创经皮钢板接骨术（minimally invasive percutaneous plate osteosythesis,MIPPO）技术结合肱骨近端接骨板（locking proximal humerus plate,LPHP）治疗肱骨近端骨折的疗效。方法回顾分析我院2010年3月～2012年4月具有完整随访资料的48例肱骨近端二部分、三部分骨折患者,其中采用MIPPO技术结合LPHP治疗肱骨近端骨折患者27例（MIPPO组）,传统切开复位内固定（ORIF）LPHP治疗肱骨近端骨折患者21例（ORIF组）。比较两组的术中情况、骨折愈合时间、住院天数、功能恢复情况及并发症,并进行统计学分析。结果48例术后随访12～24个月（平均15．3个月）,MIPPO组切口长度、出血量、手术时间、住院天数、骨折愈合时问等明显优于ORIF组,差异具有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;而并发症及功能恢复情况等比较MIPPO组优于ORIF组,但差异未见统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论MIPPO技术结合LPHP治疗肱骨近端二部分、三部分骨折符合生物学固定原则,取得较好的疗效,较传统切开复位内固定方法具有轻微优势,是目前治疗肱骨近端二部分、三部分骨折较为合适的方法。     

Painful pathologic fracture of the humerus: percutaneous osteoplasty with bone marrow nails under hybrid computed tomography and fluoroscopic guidance

A case of a 75-year-old patient with a painful pathologic humeral shaft fracture, with unacceptably high surgical risk and unsatisfactory analgesia is reported. In this case, impaired arm function and persistent pain with conservative management resulted in a poor quality of life. Palliation with image-guided percutaneous osteoplasty was considered. Because of potential cement leakage, inadequate fracture reduction, the site of the fracture, and the mobility of the joints in that area, image-guided percutaneous delivery of metallic bone marrow nails implanted together with polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) osteoplasty was performed. This procedure achieved humeral shaft stabilization, bone fragment alignment, fracture reduction, and pain relief.