一种基于分割的两步立体匹配算法

提出了一种基于分割的两步立体匹配算法。第1步,利用动态规划和左右一致性约束计算地面控制点,将原始图像分割为许多小区域,假定每一个区域为同一个视差,并通过地面控制点计算部分区域的视差值;第2步将剩余未匹配的区域编码为一条染色体,用遗传算法进行优化,得到最终的稠密视差图。选用了一些标准图像对进行测试,实验结果表明,该算法具有很好的性能。     

基于图像区域分割和置信传播的立体匹配算法

传统基于像素的立体匹配算法误匹配率较高.为解决该问题,提出一种基于图像区域分割和置信传播的匹配算法.采用均值偏移对参考图像进行区域分割,通过自适应权值匹配计算初始视差图,对各分割区域的初始视差用平面模型拟合得到视差平面参数,使用基于区域的改进置信传播算法求得各区域的最优视差平面,从而得到最终视差图.与全局优化的经典置信传播算法和图割算法的对比实验结果表明,该算法能降低低纹理区域和遮挡区域的误匹配率.     

基于mean-shift全局立体匹配方法

针对图像全局立体匹配精度高、计算量大的问题,提出基于mean shift图像分割的全局立体匹配方法。首先,通过mean shift算法对图像进行分割,获取图像同质区域数量和区域的标号。在计算匹配代价时,根据像素所属的分割区域,对像素进行筛选,从而提高匹配代价计算速度;其次,在代价聚合前,将mean shift算法获取的同质区域数K值赋值给K-means聚类算法,对像素再次聚类,提高立体匹配精度和速度;最后通过TRW-S置信传播解决能量最小化问题。实验表明,该算法明显提高了匹配的准确性和速度,与单纯的全局匹配算法相比,具有更大的优势。     

基于分级置信度传播的立体匹配新方法

针对当前全局立体匹配算法效率低下以及在遮挡区域难以准确匹配的问题,提出了一种高效的基于分层置信度传播的立体匹配新方法。该方法首先采用高效局部匹配获得初 始匹配代价,并根据初始匹配的结果检测遮挡和误匹配像素;其次,使用平面化估计的结果对初始代价进行了修正,改善了遮挡区域的匹配效果;最后使用改进的分层置信度传播 快速估计最小化能量,降低了低纹理区域的误匹配,提高了整体的平滑度。实验结果表明,该方法在精度和速度上具有较高的性能。     

快速收敛的置信度传播立体匹配算法

针对传统基于置信度传播的立体匹配算法运算次数较多、效率低下的问题,提出一种快速收敛的置信度传播算法。该算法在计算每一个像素点的置信度时,只考虑当前像素点自适应大小邻域内像素点对它的信息传递,而忽略距离较远的像素点的影响。实验结果表明提出的算法在保持相近匹配精度的前提下,运算时间减少40%~50%,满足立体匹配的实时性要求。     

基于像元集的置信传递立体匹配

为了提高立体匹配效率和克服处理区域的视差跳跃,提出了一种基于像元集的置信传递立体匹配方法。该方法首先以像素为基元,利用层次置信传递算法得到较为准确的初始视差;然后依次根据颜色和初始视差对参考图像进行分割,再利用分裂合并策略对分割后的像元集进行平面拟合,以消除颜色分割错误对匹配造成的影响;最后在拟合后的像元集空间,利用标准置信传递优化算法得到最终解。采用国际标准图像进行测试的实验结果表明,该方法的匹配效率和精度优于同类方法。     

一种沿区域边界的动态规划立体匹配算法

提出一种基于图像区域分割的立体匹配算法.与通常的沿扫描行进行动态规划的立体匹配算法不同,该算法以图像"区域"为基元计算视差.首先使用相关法得到初始视差,然后利用一种区域边界上的多种子动态规划算法对视差进行精细计算,最终通过插值得到整个图像的稠密视差.实验结果表明,此算法速度较快、可靠性较高.     

基于双目视觉的立体匹配算法研究

根据立体匹配原理,采用双目摄像头对图像进行采集,通过对摄像机的标定和图像立体校正、图像分割与立体匹配得到最后的视差图;根据最后的视差图以及算法的速度来评价算法的性能。实验结果表明,图像的视差图十分接近真实视差图,效果明显。     

置信度传播和区域边缘构建的立体匹配算法

讨论了区域匹配代价和全局置信度传播算法之间的相互作用,提出一种基于全局置信度传播和区域边缘构建的立体匹配算法。首先,在每个像素的固定邻域内利用二阶微分边缘算子搜索并构建一条虚拟的封闭边缘,形成相应的区域自适应窗口;然后使用自适应窗口内的支持像素计算中心像素之间的匹配代价;最后利用具备加速消息更新机制的置信度传播算法获取视差。实验结果表明,基于区域边缘构建的匹配代价可以较好地适用于全局置信度传播优化算法,提出的立体匹配算法可以在Middlebury标准下获得良好的匹配结果。     

一种用于立体图像匹配的改进稀疏匹配算法

立体匹配有着广泛的应用前景,是计算机视觉领域的研究热点。立体匹配是立体视觉中最为关键和困难的一步,它的目标是计算标识匹配像素位置的视差图。文中提出的立体匹配算法基于置信传播（Belief Propagation,BP）。左图像首先经过非均匀采样,得到一个内容自适应的网格近似表示。算法的关键是使用基于置信传播的立体匹配算法,匹配稀疏的左图像和右图像得到稀疏视差图。通过左图像得到网格,稀疏视差图可以经过简单的插值得到稠密视差图。实验结果表明,该方法与现有稀疏立体匹配技术相比在视差图质量上平均有40％的提高。     

基于差值绝对值之和和置信传播的快速收敛立体匹配算法

针对传统置信传播（BP）立体匹配算法运算次数较多、效率低下的问题,提出了一种基于像素灰度绝对误差和（SAD）和BP的快速收敛立体匹配算法。首先使用SAD作为代价函数来计算初始视差值,并将可靠视差值作为约束项加入全局算法BP的能量函数中,进行全局的能量函数的优化;然后在优化过程中更新计算每个像素点的置信度时,考虑当前像素点自适应大小邻域内像素点对它的信息传递,而忽略距离较远的像素点的影响,从而减少了置信传播节点数并提高了置信度收敛的速度。实验结果表明,提出的算法在保持相近匹配精度的前提下,运行时间减少了50%~60%,提高了立体匹配效率,为实时应用打下了基础。     

Real-time stereo matching based on fast belief propagation

In this paper, a global optimum stereo matching algorithm based on improved belief propagation is presented which is demonstrated to generate high quality results while maintaining real-time performance. These results are achieved using a foundation based on the hierarchical belief propagation architecture combined with a novel asymmetric occlusion handling model, as well as parallel graphical processing. Compared to the other real-time methods, the experimental results on Middlebury data show the efficiency of our approach.     

An improved graph cut algorithm in stereo matching

In stereo matching tasks, the matching effect is often very poor when the texture of the region is weak or repeated. To solve this problem, an improved Graph Cut stereo matching algorithm based on Census transform is proposed. The Hamming distance of the corresponding pixels in the left and right images after Census transform is introduced as the similarity measure in the data term of the energy function. In this way, the dependence on the pixel value is reduced. The stereo matching experiments are implemented on the standard images of Middlebury stereo benchmark and the real scene images, and it demonstrates that our algorithm is robust and can obtain better performance in weak texture or repeated texture region.     

金字塔双层动态规划立体匹配算法

针对控制点修正的动态规划立体匹配算法存在控制点求取时阀长、实时性差的问题．提出一种金字塔双层动态规划立体匹配算法．采用金字塔算法求取低、商分辨率图像,然后分别在低、商分辨宰图像上求取候选控制点集和最终控制点集,并用最终控制点集修正商分辨率图像上的动态规划立体匹配．由干候选控制点集的求取在低分辨率图像上进行,算法用时大为减少．实验证明,此算法匹配率商、速度快．     

动态噪声影响的移动视觉立体匹配算法

为解决移动视觉系统的动态噪声问题,提出了一种可适应动态噪声的立体匹配算法。对视觉图像进行分割,利用Kalman滤波算法估计噪声对图像分割的影响,并以此动态调整分割精度,以分割边缘特征点作为基元利用置信度传播(belief propagation,BP)算法提取出边缘特征点视差,最后根据特征点视差统一对分割区域进行赋值,得出最终视差图。实验结果表明,该算法不仅符合移动视觉系统的动态实时性要求,而且能适应动态噪声影响,得出精度较高的立体匹配结果。     

Similarity measures for image matching despite occlusions in stereo vision

In the context of computer vision, matching can be done with similarity measures. This paper presents the classification of these measures into five families. In addition, 18 measures based on robust statistics, previously proposed in order to deal with the problem of occlusions, are studied and compared to the state of the art. A new evaluation protocol and new analyses are proposed and the results highlight the most efficient measures, first, near occlusions, the smooth median powered deviation, and second, near discontinuities, a non-parametric transform-based measure, CENSUS.     

A fast stereo matching algorithm suitable for embedded real-time systems

In this paper, the challenge of fast stereo matching for embedded systems is tackled. Limited resources, e.g. memory and processing power, and most importantly real-time capability on embedded systems for robotic applications, do not permit the use of most sophisticated stereo matching approaches. The strengths and weaknesses of different matching approaches have been analyzed and a well-suited solution has been found in a Census-based stereo matching algorithm. The novelty of the algorithm used is the explicit adaption and optimization of the well-known Census transform in respect to embedded real-time systems in software. The most important change in comparison with the classic Census transform is the usage of a sparse Census mask which halves the processing time with nearly unchanged matching quality. This is due the fact that large sparse Census masks perform better than small dense masks with the same processing effort. The evidence of this assumption is given by the results of experiments with different mask sizes. Another contribution of this work is the presentation of a complete stereo matching system with its correlation-based core algorithm, the detailed analysis and evaluation of the results, and the optimized high speed realization on different embedded and PC platforms. The algorithm handles difficult areas for stereo matching, such as areas with low texture, very well in comparison to state-of-the-art real-time methods. It can successfully eliminate false positives to provide reliable 3D data. The system is robust, easy to parameterize and offers high flexibility. It also achieves high performance on several, including resource-limited, systems without losing the good quality of stereo matching. A detailed performance analysis of the algorithm is given for optimized reference implementations on various commercial of the shelf (COTS) platforms, e.g. a PC, a DSP and a GPU, reaching a frame rate of up to 75 fps for 640 × 480 images and 50 disparities. The matching quality and processing time is compared to other algorithms on the Middlebury stereo evaluation website reaching a middle quality and top performance rank. Additional evaluation is done by comparing the results with a very fast and well-known sum of absolute differences algorithm using several Middlebury datasets and real-world scenarios.     

Acyclic belief propagation for stereo matching

Most of the works for solving early vision problems, such as stereo, rely on inference techniques and cyclic graphical models. Although Loopy Belief Propagation is one of the most interesting tools as it applies to that research field, loops are still a major challenge to face: the main problem arising with them is the introduction of approximation issues which could affect the accuracy of the final results. Therefore, breaking loops could be the winning strategy to overcome these problems. In this paper, we describe a way to consider an MRF grid as composed by a suitable set of singly connected graphs. Then, an acyclic propagation scheme, based on that set, is given accordingly. Experiments performed on different stereo pairs will prove that our approach is up to the current state-of-art and it spreads several new research issues for the future.