成年狐常见疾病的预防与治疗

1乳腺炎 母狐的乳腺炎一般不会引起母狐死亡,但由于泌乳机能的严重丧失,可影响幼狐的生长发育.乳腺炎可用广谱抗生素进行治疗,但幼狐不能再吃母乳,应进行人工哺乳或保姆狐代养.如果母狐次年分娩又发生了乳腺炎,就应当将其淘汰. 2 狐布氏杆菌病 狐布氏杆菌病在许多狐育种场中发生流行,是隐袭性疾病,除有流产症状外,其他临床症状不明显.本病可以治愈,但不能消除带菌状态,并应将带菌狐隔离离饲养.该病对人和其他狐及动物都有潜在危险性,控制该病的方法是对狐场定期的进行检疫,以早期确定本病,检出狐病.对所有的种狐每月检疫1次,检出阳性狐,直至全部为阴性.对阳性狐隔离饲养,并进行治疗,还应该包括阳性幼狐,杜绝健康狐与其此接触.全面彻底消毒狐笼和狐舍及其附属物品.当整个狐群布氏杆菌凝集试验变为阴性后,对狐群每3个月进行1次凝集试验,大约进行1年;以后每6个月进行1次检疫,进行1年;以后再改为1年1次检疫.在狐群中只要发现了阳性狐,就应该恢复每月1次的布氏杆菌凝集试验.狐场从外地引入新狐,只有布氏杆菌凝集试验阴性者方可引入狐场,并对引入狐场的新狐隔离观察1个月,在1个月内进行3次布氏杆菌的检疫均为阴性者才能解除隔离.     

狐饲养管理技术

狐的品种是决定养狐行业发展的关键,直接影响狐的经济效益,因此,只有选购优良的种狐,才能保证狐群的产仔率,保证皮张的质量,保证狐场的健康发展.     

第一讲 狐的生物学特性

<正> 一、分类与分布人们常说的狐狸是所有狐的总称.狐在动物分类学上属于食肉目、犬科.世界上人工饲养的狐大约有40多种不同的色型,但归纳起来可分为两个不同的属,即狐属和北极狐属.目前,人工饲养的狐有赤狐、银黑狐、十字狐、北极狐以及各种突变型或组合型的彩色狐.(一)狐属     

蓝狐的饲养经验

1.仔狐 仔狐出生后25日内全靠母狐的乳汁满足其营养需要。25日以后,乳汁远远不能满足仔狐的生长发育需要,因此,逐渐开始采食饲料,此时.母狐的日粮要用优质的易消化的肉馅、牛奶、动物肝等调制成稀粥样,由母狐带领仔狐一同采食 30日龄时,可单独用饲盆补喂仔狐,每天饲喂2次。 仔狐开始采食前,母狐吃仔狐粪便;仔狐采食后,母狐便不再吃仔狐粪便。所以,从仔狐开始采食起,每天要打扫窝箱,保持清洁卫生仔狐一般在45～50日龄断奶。断奶初期,每笼可饲养2～3只,3个月后单笼饲     

狐用四联苗的特性及使用

近年来,随着国内外裘皮市场的繁荣,我国养狐业发展很快,养狐数量逐年增加,一些狐场已初具规模.与此同时,狐的多种传染病也流行起来,严重制约着养狐业的进一步发展.因此,如何预防狐的几种主要传染病,已逐步受到人们的重视. 狐用四联活疫苗是由狐狂犬病、狐瘟热、狐细小病毒病及狐脑炎四种弱毒细胞培养物,经浓缩等处理后制成的活毒疫苗,主要用于健康狐群的免疫注射,以预防上述四种传染病,保护狐群健康.     

人工养殖狐的品种介绍

狐属于食肉目,犬科动物。目前,世界上人工饲养的狐有两个属,即狐属和北极狐属及这两个属的变种狐。狐属中有银黑狐、赤狐及各种彩狐;北极狐属中有北极狐(又名蓝狐)、芬兰北极蓝狐和彩色北极狐。     

狐肺炎链球菌病的诊治

西峡县某狐场,饲养狐１３８只,其中银黑狐８０只、北极狐５８只;雌狐９６只、雄狐４２只;成年狐３６只、当年幼狐１０２只。１９９７年１０月２３日发病,２天内死亡９只,后诊断为肺炎链球菌病。经治疗,发病的１１３只狐全部治愈。１临诊症状病狐体温升高３９．７℃...     

皮用狐的日常管理应注意的几点

皮用狐也称商品狐,指不能留种用的幼狐和从种狐中淘汰的成年狐,这些狐均在毛皮成熟期宰杀取皮。为了获得优质的皮毛,在日常的食物搭配和管理上应合理安排。     

种母狐体况与繁殖力

种狐体况是指繁殖母狐的体质状况,肥瘦程度。种狐体况与繁殖力密切相关,种狐过肥或过瘦繁殖力都差。     

对繁育珍稀彩狐技术的几点建议

<正>随着裘皮市场的日渐兴旺,养狐已成为我国高效的新兴养殖业.狐属犬科动物,人工饲养的共分两属,即狐属和北极狐属.狐属有银狐(即银黑狐)、赤狐、彩狐;北极狐属有蓝狐、彩色北极狐.彩狐和彩色北极狐是狐属和北极狐属中毛色变异出来的突变种.因为狐的毛色变异是在自然条件下进行的.一般突变率仅为十万分之一到百万分之一,物以稀为贵,因此彩狐在养狐业中显得尤为珍贵,一张优质彩狐皮售价高达几千美元.养狐业在我     

Evaluation of lysozyme and lactoferrin in lacrimal and other ocular glands of bison and cattle and in tears of bison

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate lactoferrin and lysozyme content in various ocular glands of bison and cattle and in tears of bison. SAMPLE POPULATION: Tissues of ocular glands obtained from 15 bison and 15 cattle and tears collected from 38 bison. PROCEDURE: Immunohistochemical analysis was used to detect lysozyme and lactoferrin in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections of the ocular glands. Protein gel electrophoresis was used to analyze ocular glands and pooled bison tears by use of a tris-glycine gel and SDS-PAGE. Western blotting was used to detect lactoferrin and lysozyme. RESULTS: Immunohistochemical staining for lactoferrin was evident in the lacrimal gland and gland of the third eyelid in cattle and bison and the deep gland of the third eyelid (Harder's gland) in cattle. Equivocal staining for lactoferrin was seen for the Harder's gland in bison. An 80-kd band (lactoferrin) was detected via electrophoresis and western blots in the lacrimal gland and gland of the third eyelid in cattle and bison, Harder's glands of cattle, and bison tears. An inconsistent band was seen in Harder's glands of bison. Lysozyme was not detected in the lacrimal gland of cattle or bison with the use of immunohistochemical analysis or western blots. Western blots of bison tears did not reveal lysozyme. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Distribution of lactoferrin and a lack of lysozyme are similar in the lacrimal gland of cattle and bison. Differences in other tear components may be responsible for variability in the susceptibility to infectious corneal diseases that exists between bison and cattle.     

Shape and size of teeth of dogs and cats-relevance to studies of plaque and calculus accumulation

Crown width, height and buccal surface areas were measured on heads or skulls of four dogs and four cats, and were compared with similar measurements on models of human dentition. Buccal surface area variability was greater in dogs and cats than in humans, and teeth of cats were smaller. Horizontal (gingival and occlusal halves) and vertical (mesial, middle, and distal thirds) buccal surface area variability was also greater in canine and feline teeth compared with human teeth. This increased variability suggests the need for testing of reliability and repeatability of scoring when using plaque and calculus indices based on horizontal or vertical segmentation. Buccal surface area variability between teeth also prompts questioning the validity of equal weighting of smaller, irregularly-shaped teeth when calculating a mean mouth score. Whether equal or more reliable results would be obtained from scores of whole teeth in comparison with segmentation indices used currently has yet to be determined.     

胭脂虫开发利用的研究及前景展望

系统阐述了胭脂虫分类、生物生态特性、人工繁养、胭脂虫红色素的性质及加工利用、胭脂虫产业的发展等,并对其开发应用前景进行了展望。     

秦川牛种质资源保护利用、存在问题及对策建议

秦川牛因原产于陕西八百里秦川而得名,具有体躯高大、遗传稳定、适应性强、肉用性能好等特点,是我国著名的地方品种和国家级资源保护品种,是肉牛新品种培育和产业化发展的基础.文章介绍了秦川牛种质资源保护利用情况和取得的成效,并针对当前存在的问题提出了相应的对策和建议,以期对秦川牛种质资源的保护和开发提供科学指导,推动肉牛产业的健康发展.     

Comparison of electrophoretograms of normal canine serum and plasma and of serum and plasma of hemolyzed specimens.

Comparison of the electrophoretograms of normal canine plasma and serum revealed a greater concentration of the beta3-fraction in plasma due to the presence of fibrinogen. When serum or plasma of hemolyzed canine blood was analyzed electrophoretically, there were slurring of the beta-globulin peaks due to the presence of free hemoglobin and increases in alpha2-globulins due to the formation of the haptoglobin-hemoglobin complex.     

Isolation and Culture of Ovine and Bubaline Small and Large Pre-antral Follicles: Effect of Cyclicity and Presence of a Dominant Follicle

Studies were conducted to examine the effects of the cyclicity and the presence of a dominant follicle (DF) in ovary on the recovery and in vitro growth of pre-antral follicles (PFs) in sheep and buffalo. Small pre-antral follicles (SPFs, 100–250 μm) and large pre-antral follicles (LPFs, 250–450 μm) were isolated from slaughterhouse ovaries in the breeding seasons by a mechanical and enzymatic method. The sheep and buffalo PFs were cultured in vitro for 6 and 15 days, respectively, and examined for their growth, survival and antrum formation rates and growth rates of oocytes in cultured pre-antral follicles. The follicles of the sheep and buffalo were recovered and cultured simultaneously within replicates. The recovery rates (number per ovary) of both SPFs and LPFs were significantly (p < 0.05) higher in cyclic ewes (SPFs: 22.0 ± 3.3 vs 12.1 ± 2.6 and LPFs: 16.0 ± 3.6 vs 9.2 ± 1.8) and buffaloes (SPFs: 9.2 ± 1.3 vs 4.1 ± 1.0 and LPFs: 10.3 ± 2.7 vs 5.4 ± 0.7) compared with those recovered from acyclic ones. Presence of a DF in ovary significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the recovery rates of LPFs in ewes (9.06 ± 2.7 vs 16.4 ± 3.8) but had no effect in buffalo. Cyclicity of animals or follicular dominance had no effects on in vitro growth, survival and antrum formation rates and growth rates of oocytes in cultured PFs of SPFs and LPFs in both sheep and buffalo. The in vitro growth, survival and antrum formation rates of LPFs and growth rates of oocytes in cultured LPFs were significantly (p < 0.05) higher than those observed in SPFs in both sheep and buffalo. The overall recovery and growth rates of the PFs were lower in buffaloes compared with ewes.     

布鲁氏菌病概述及防控对策

布鲁氏菌病,简称布病,是世界上最常见的人畜共患疾病之一,是一种由布鲁氏菌属（Brucella）的细菌感染机体引起的传染－变态反应性人畜共患病,严重危害到畜牧业的发展和人类的健康。由于布鲁氏菌病的根除是一项昂贵、耗时且劳动密集型的工程,这些战略和措施在资源有限的国家难以有效实施,目前只有少数发达国家实现了动物布鲁氏菌病的消除,而在发展中国家,布鲁氏菌病的感染及防控仍然是一个严重的问题。现对布病的生理特征、在陕西地区的流行情况及对家畜的危害进行分析总结,并提出相应的防控策略,旨在更进一步提高布病的防控意识,更有效科学的进行布病防控。     

《贝类增养殖学》课程教学改革与创新

《贝类增养殖学》是高等院校中的水产专业本科人才培养中极为重要的一门专业课,具有直观性、实践性强等高要求特点。从课堂教学、课程实验和产学研方面进行了探讨,以期为《贝类增养殖学》课程教学的改革和创新提供参考。     

果洛州草地鼠虫害情况及防治措施

１９９６年的调查，果洛州草地鼠虫害面积约为２４７．６万ｈｍ２，因鼠害每年损失牧草约１５９８．７万ｔ，相当少养１０９５．０１万羊单位。近１０年来使用Ｃ型肉毒梭菌毒素灭治取得很大成绩，累计灭治面积达到１８３．１万ｈｍ２。     

乡土灌草青贮与牛羊健康饲喂研究进展与展望

本文系统地回顾了近60年以来国内外乡土灌草青贮利用与牛羊健康饲喂的研究现状与进展。通过对已有研究文献的年度分布、研究内容与研究区域进行分析,结合饲草青贮技术领域、草食畜牧业领域以及社会发展的背景,将乡土灌草青贮与牛羊健康饲喂划分为3个阶段,20世纪50年代到80年代末期为萌芽阶段、20世纪80年代末期到21世纪初期为缓慢增长阶段、21世纪初期至今为快速增长阶段。其次,根据研究内容从理论研究、监测评价、技术示范、技术研发4个方面进行归纳总结,分析了各分支领域的主要成果与关键问题,提出下阶段应重点研究的内容,应加强对乡土灌草饲料生产与牛羊健康饲喂的研究,综合提高饲料能量与蛋白质的利用率,尽可能改善牛羊的能氮平衡,促进畜牧业和饲料加工业的发展。