冰铜冶炼过程控制半经验模型的尝试

本文简要分析了理论模型在冰铜冶炼过程控制中的局限性,以冰铜品位控制为例简要介绍了一个半经验模型并将测试结果与理论模型进行了对比.结果表明在冰铜冶炼过程控制中半经验模型比理论模型具有更好的适应性.     

基于区间数的黄金湿法冶炼过程建模与优化研究

针对黄金湿法冶炼生产过程中某些关键变量不能准确在线测量，导致局部工序无法定量建模、难以基于定量模型实现过程优化控制的问题，提出一种基于区间数的过程分层优化方法.在对黄金湿法冶炼生产过程特点进行分析的基础上，提出了基于区间数的过程分层优化框架.基于专家知识和现场操作人员经验等信息，建立了调浆过程的模糊定性模型.结合氰化浸出和置换等工序的定量模型及调浆过程的定性模型，建立了以综合经济效益最大为优化目标的黄金湿法冶炼生产过程优化模型.针对模糊定性模型的每一输出模态，利用区间数代替无法检测关键变量，提出了基于区间优化和分层优化思想相结合的优化方法，实现了黄金湿法冶炼过程的优化.与传统全流程优化方法的仿真对比实验表明，所提方法在具有不确定性的流程工业生产过程优化中具有一定的应用价值.     

论全过程医疗废物管理信息平台的改进方向

医疗废物,是指医疗卫生机构在医疗、预防、保健以及其他相关活动中产生的具有直接或者间接感染性、毒性以及其他危害性的废物。①根据2003年国家卫生和计划生育委员会所颁布的《医疗废物分类目录》,目前将医疗废物划分为感染性废物、病理性废物、损伤性废物、药物性废物和化学性废物五种,针对不同组分的不同特征,进行区别处理。     

谈可持续污水处理

污水处理是处理水污染的重要过程。采用物理、生物、及化学的方法对工业废水和生活污水进行处理以分离水中的固体污染物并降低水中的有机污染物和富营养物（主要为氮、磷化合物），从而减轻污水对环境的污染。本文讨论了污水处理系统向双重目的的废物处理--能源生产设施转化的过程。它包括将现代废物转化为能量的工厂，解释了水资源和能量的关系。还描述了灰水的回收利用，以及发展中国家如何想方设法利用和处理废水的过程。     

用计算机配料

高炉冶炼的强化和炉容的扩大导致炉料装入量的增加,并且大大缩短了处理控制问题的时间。在这种条件下,局部的自动化系统已不能满足高炉冶炼过程对稳定输入参数的全部要求。     

有机废液焚烧炉控制系统设计

废焚液烧处理技术是当前废物处理的热点之一。以液体喷射焚烧炉为对象,研究某实际农药厂的废液焚烧过程,结合工艺要求确定焚烧炉的控制方案,并对关键参数进行了焚烧炉的双闭环比值控制回路的设计,同时运用QUADLOG PLC系统进行安全联锁的控制方案设计。实现了焚烧炉燃烧温度,燃烧空气配比等关键控制参数的有效控制,并有效地保证焚烧炉的安全平稳的运行。通过对生产投运的实际效果分析,充分表明所设计方案的可靠有效性。     

基于ROS的无接触式智能医疗垃圾桶控制系统

在《国家危险废物名录》中,医疗废物属于其中一种,医疗废物含有大量病原体和有害化学物质,具有感染性和毒性,严重影响人的生命安全。医生和病人是离医疗废物最近的一批人,他们感染的风险较高,减少他们与医疗废物的接触机会和时间是有效防护措施。为此设计制作一款能够室内巡航并自主拾取和倾倒垃圾的医疗废物处理垃圾桶,实现医疗废品处理过程的零接触,为医生和病人的生命安全拉开一条保护线。     

医疗废物监控系统应用

医疗废物管理不仅是医院管理难题,而且是一个重要的公共卫生问题.随着信息技术的不断发展,使医疗废物实时监管统一平台的建立成为可能,而服务和监管方式的革命来自于射频识别技术、卫星定位技术的发展.由于信息化水平的提高,医院和专业废物处理公司的信息处理能力已大幅提高.为推广医疗废物的电子标签化管理、电子联单、电子监控和在线监测等信息管理技术,实现传统人工处理向现代智能管理的新跨越具备了良好的技术基础.以GPS技术结合GPRS技术实现可视化医疗废物运输管理和实时定位为基础的高速、高效的信息网络平台和EDI等为骨干技术的医疗废物RFID监控系统,将为环保部门实现医疗废物处理过程的全程监管提供技术支撑和保障.     

基于最优工况迁移的高炉铁水硅含量预测方法

高炉铁水硅含量是铁水品质与炉况的重要表征,冶炼过程关键参数频繁波动及大时滞特性给高炉铁水硅含量预测带来了巨大挑战.提出一种基于最优工况迁移的高炉铁水硅含量预测方法.首先,针对过程变量频繁波动问题,提出基于邦费罗尼指数的自适应密度峰值聚类算法,实现对高炉冶炼过程变量的工况划分,并建立不同工况硅含量预测子模型.其次,针对冶...     

HR10-1风机防喘振及加卸载系统的开发

风机喘振问题一直困扰着用风量变动频繁剧烈的工艺生产过程,如何妥善解决这个问题是保证生产正常进行的关键。通过对进口大型风机向Ausmelt铜吹炼炉供风时发生的喘振现象及产生原因的分析,提出了利用DCS和优化控制解决这一问题的办法及取得的结果,为铜冶炼行业处理此类问题做了有益的尝试。     

Theory and method of genetic-neural optimizing cut-off grade and grade of crude ore

Cut-off grade for ore drawing is a kind of technological method used to control the process of drawing in sublevel caving with no sill pillar. The cut-off grade for ore drawing means the grade of ore in the last time (current time) of ore drawing. Grade of crude ore is the grade of ore entering the milling workshop after ore mixing. Cut-off grade and grade of crude ore are key parameters of production and management in mine system. Genetic algorithm and neural networks nesting method are used in this research to simulate the highly complexity and highly non-linear relationship between variables in mining system, to optimize the cut-off grade and grade of crude ore. The idea is detailed as follows. Cut-off grade and grade of crude ore are joined as chromosome of population for evolution computation; Self-adaptive neural network is used to obtain the local connection between the revenue (fitness function) and chromosome; Genetic algorithm is performed to search the optimal cut-off grade and grade of crude ore globally. The inner layer of nesting is neural networks, which is used to compute loss rate, amount of tailing ore and total cost; the outer layer is evolutionary computation, which is used to get the revenue. The inner layer carries out local approximation, and the outer carries out global search. These two layers carry out the optimization of cut-off grade and grade of crude ore jointly. Take Daye Iron Mine as an example, and the result shows that, the present scheme (cut-off grade is 18%, grade of crude ore is 41–43%) should be improved. During the period of August to November in the year 2007, the optimal cut-off grade is 15.8%, and optimal grade of crude ore is 43.7762–44.1387%, the optimized scheme can improve the present value by 9.01–9.44 million yuan.     

复杂矿冶设备故障诊断数据质量工程学

文章详细介绍了矿冶设备数据的产生过程,提出了一种复杂矿冶设备故障诊断的数据质量工程学方法,其目的是通过提高数据质量来保障故障诊断的准确性,即从数据采集系统进行抗干扰能力的优化设计(线外)来降低数据变异效应和在后期使用维护(线内)进行变异源的识别、减少或预防变异发生的措施,使其在恶劣矿冶环境下仍能采集高质量的设备状态数据,从而保障设备故障诊断数据的可靠性。实例验证表明该方法可以为数据质量保障提供一种系统解决途径,减少故障诊断的虚警和漏报。     

Optimizing ore–waste discrimination and block sequencing through simulated annealing

This paper attempts to solve ore–waste discrimination and block sequencing problems for given capacities through a combination of goal programming (GP) and simulated annealing (SA). The problem is firstly formulated in a goal programming form, which is expressed as the minimization of the violations between the production rates and the installed capacities under access, metal quantity and the required net present value (NPV) constraints. In the model, block sequencing is first solved by CPLEX. The violations from the capacities are allowed under a cost because actual grade and tonnage values of blocks cannot be known. The violations can be accepted to some extent because mines are planned and designed on the basis of simulated/estimated grades. This solution is then submitted to the SA module such that ore–waste discrimination is incorporated into the modeling. A case study was carried out to demonstrate the approach. The findings show that the approach gives rise to the profitability and can be used to generate mining schedules.     

INTELLIGOLD - AN EXPERT SYSTEM FOR GOLD PLANT PROCESS DESIGN

Gold mining projects are a rare opportunity in the minerals industry. They require relatively small capital and give high profitability and fast return on investment compared with other mineral projects. To expand or maintain gold production, continuous development of new deposits and fast implementation of new mining sites are needed. Process design is one of the major issues. As simple and easily extractable ores are almost all exhausted, there is a need for a consistent approach to deal with increasing complexity and decreasing or stagnant gold prices. Process design must consider ore genesis, mineralogical characteristics, ore behavior in available metallurgical processes, linkage with the mining method, environmental impact, and economic issues. The type of work and environment involved makes this application ideal for using AI tools such as expert systems, fuzzy logic, and neural networks. This paper presents Intelligold, an expert system for project development teams to use at the preliminary evaluation and conceptual project stages. Information and knowledge from geology mineralogy, processing, and economics are organized, and recommendations on process options and estimated costs and revenue are given. The "knowledge-building" method is described, together with implementation and verification. Success in building this system suggests application to other ores such as copper and complex base metals.     

输变电工程造价大数据平台构建与智能分析管控应用研究

输变电工程项目建设规模不断壮大,相应的电网造价数据量也持续增加,但目前对于造价数据的挖掘处理远远不够,亟待提升造价管理的信息化水平,构建输变电工程造价“大数据”体系。本文基于大数据应用背景下输变电工程造价数据管理运用现状,分析大数据理论在工程造价管理中应用的必要性及意义,探讨了输变电工程造价数据采集、存储技术及关键影响因素技术的应用,系统梳理与总结造价数据来源类型、数据分析与处理流程、数据信息挖掘与应用方向等内容,构建了基于大数据应用的输变电工程造价系统平台,并结合实际应用案例,通过分析找到关键影响因素,采用支持向量机方法、粒子群等方法,建立起科学的造价预测模型,可为电网企业输变电工程造价管控水平的提升提供重要支撑。     

基于GA的矿山企业动态生产经营参数优化

为最大化利用不可再生的矿产资源,实现矿山企业的矿石储量、开采品位、开采成本、价格四要素之间的动态联动与优化,采用基因算法求解矿山企业多目标生产经营参数优化。通过建立4个优化目标之间的联动求解模型,将影响多目标优化的要素作为遗传算法的初始染色体,并对基因算法运算规则进行重新定义,以求解矿山企业多目标生产经营参数优化,实现了矿山企业动态生产经营参数优化模型。运用该模型,可根据矿产品的价格变化确定盈亏品位界限、成本与价格比和储量可供情况,为保护、利用矿产资源提供科学手段。     

A hybrid cost estimation framework based on feature-oriented data mining approach

This paper presents an informatics framework to apply feature-based engineering concept for cost estimation supported with data mining algorithms. The purpose of this research work is to provide a practical procedure for more accurate cost estimation by using the commonly available manufacturing process data associated with ERP systems. The proposed method combines linear regression and data-mining techniques, leverages the unique strengths of the both, and creates a mechanism to discover cost features. The final estimation function takes the user’s confidence level over each member technique into consideration such that the application of the method can phase in gradually in reality by building up the data mining capability. A case study demonstrates the proposed framework and compares the results from empirical cost prediction and data mining. The case study results indicate that the combined method is flexible and promising for determining the costs of the example welding features. With the result comparison between the empirical prediction and five different data mining algorithms, the ANN algorithm shows to be the most accurate for welding operations.     

粒子群优化算法在大型选矿企业原料采购计划中的应用

选矿厂的原矿采购成本是构成精矿成本的主要部分. 优化原矿采购计划就是寻求最小采购成本. 在保证选矿生产工艺确定的精矿品位和原矿处理量的条件下, 使原矿采购成本最小的各种原矿采购计划对降低选矿企业的生产成本至关重要. 本文提出了在保证生产精矿需求和精矿品位的条件下, 使精矿库存尽量最小的原矿需求模型和使采购成本最小的各种原矿采购模型. 采用基于模糊规则调整惯性权值的粒子群优化算法, 对上述模型进行了动态优化求解, 确定了各种原矿的采购量. 采用了某选矿厂的实际数据进行了仿真实验, 实验结果表明了本文所提方法的有效性.     

Appraising production targets through agent-based Petri net simulation of material handling systems in open pit mines

In a mining operation, significant differences between production targets in the planning stage and actual production quantities are a common issue. These differences can be related to heterogeneity of quality of ore within orebody, availability, and reliability of mining equipment, design-related problems of mining activities, and external factors. One way to understand the feasibility of targeted production rates is to simulate the activities. In this paper, an agent-based Petri net simulation model is proposed to check whether production targets are feasible, and the extent to control head grade in mineral processing. The model evaluates different realizations under the uncertain operation environment. Moreover, the fuel consumption of haul trucks is tracked in the proposed model. A case study was carried out to evaluate the proposed approach in an open pit mine. The research outcomes showed that this approach could assist in capacity installation, mineral processing design, and fuel tracking in mining operations.     

高空间分辨率遥感数据在离子吸附型稀土矿山调查中的应用

为更好地监测离子吸附型稀土矿山的开采现状,选取赣南离子吸附型稀土矿区,采用最新高分辨率遥感数据,开展离子吸附型稀土矿矿山非法开采监测、环境破坏监测、矿山动态变化监测等示范研究。运用IKONOS数据结合矿权资料在赣南寻乌地区开展稀土矿山非法开采监测;在赣南寻乌地区提取土地荒漠化及水体污染等环境信息;利用两期QuickBird数据在赣南定南某矿区开展动态变化监测。研究表明高空间分辨率遥感数据处理与分析为离子吸附性稀土矿矿山快速、准确、动态监测提供了良好的技术手段。