BDD电极电化学氧化处理印染废水

以BDD电极对印染废水进行电化学氧化处理,考察处理时间、印染废水初始pH、电极材料、印染废水稀释倍数、电解质Na2SO4浓度和电流密度对COD去除率的影响.结果表明:BDD电化学氧化对印染废水具有较好的处理效果,在不调节pH、稀释1倍、电解质浓度0.4 mol/L、电流密度50 mA/cm2的情况下,90 min时CO...     

电化学氧化对中晚期垃圾渗滤液氨氮去除能力的试验研究

文章介绍了一种阳极采用镀稀有金属板的电化学氧化法,对中晚期垃圾渗滤液中的氨氮有较好的去除效果,在反应时间120min,电流密度10mA/cm~2,极板间距2cm的条件下,氨氮去除率近乎达到100%。     

电化学氧化法处理制浆中段废水的研究

采用电化学氧化法,以不锈钢板作电极处理制浆造纸废水,获得电化学氧化处理制浆造纸废水的最佳运行参数:极板间距10mm,电流密度15~20mA/cm2,pH中性,电化学反应时间4h,废水COD的去除率可达92%。而采用Ti-PbO2电极处理制浆造纸废水的COD去除率只有30%。     

电化学凝聚法处理造纸废水

本文介绍了电化学凝聚法处理造纸废水的流程、应用结果,以及电化学凝聚法的特点.     

电化学氧化法处理阴离子表面活性剂废水的实验研究

采用小型电化学反应器，利用不同的电极材料，对阴离子表面活性剂(DBS)的电化学氧化行为及各种工艺条件对降解效果的影响规律进行了实验。结果表明，在无隔膜复极性固定床电解槽内，以不锈钢为阴极,以钛基RuΩ2电极为阳极,以活性炭颗粒为填充电极。在合适的工艺条件下，阴离子表面活性剂废水具有较好的降解效果，降解率可达到96％以上，CODCr去除率大于84%。     

Fenton氧化法处理亚麻纤维加工废水的工艺研究

本实验采用了Fenton氧化法处理亚麻加工废水。考察了影响Fenton氧化处理的因素即H2O2投加量、FeSO4.7H2O投加量、pH值和反应时间。通过正交实验确定Fenton试剂处理该废水的最佳氧化条件为H2O2投加量10mL,FeSO4.7H2O投加量1.0g,pH=3,反应时间为35min。COD去除率可达70.12%,色度去除率可达81.42%,浊度去除率可高达82.96%。实验证明采用Fenton氧化实验处理该亚麻纤维加工废水具有一定的可行性。     

复合微生物菌剂处理高浓度氨氮废水的强化作用研究

本文以坪山河项目为例,对该区域水环境现状进行调查分析,并以采集的高浓度氨氮废水作为样本,在实验中依托A/P工艺,将BMc-1复合菌剂加入短程硝化-反硝化中进行强化处理.实验结果表明,复合菌剂BMc-1可强化工艺脱氮能力,使高浓度氨氮废水处理效果更加显著.     

电化学氧化法处理城市垃圾渗滤液探讨

垃圾渗滤液是一种处理难度较大、溶质浓度较高的有机废水。该类废水的水质、水量变化较大,其成分十分复杂,而且会随着掩埋时间的增加而变化。目前,我国对垃圾渗滤液处理的方法并不成熟,且处理效果也较差,而电化学氧化法是一种新型的、有效处理垃圾渗滤液的技术。基于此,本文对该技术的处理效果进行了探讨,并分析了处理垃圾渗滤液的理想参数,以期为相关行业与从业人员提供借鉴。     

电化学法处理印染废水

采用电化学法处理印染废水,经试验得到的优化工艺条件为:以Fe-PbO2/不锈钢电极-活性炭为三维电极体系,调节废水pH值为3,电解槽极板间距6 cm,Al2 (SO4)3支持电解质投加量0.15 mol/L,电流密度28 mA/cm2,活性炭投加量40 g,电解时间 10 min.印染废水经电化学法处理后,BOD5/COD比值可从原来的0.126上升至1.71,可生化降解性显著提高.     

介体电化学氧化法测定制革废水COD

考察了在室温下经电化学活化的PbO2 阳极电生Co(Ⅲ)用于测定COD的条件及其应用。阳极电生Co(Ⅲ)的库仑效率可达97%以上,Co(Ⅲ)在溶液中的稳定时间达3 0min。电生的Co(Ⅲ)能氧化适量的葡萄糖和邻苯二甲酸氢钾。方法用于测定2种制革废水的COD ,测定值与重铬酸钾法测得值基本一致     

Prediction of ammonia emission from dairy cattle manure based on milk urea nitrogen: Relation of milk urea nitrogen to ammonia emissions

The main objectives of this study were to assess the relationship between ammonia emissions from dairy cattle manure and milk urea N (MUN; mg/dL) and to test whether the relationship was affected by stage of lactation and the dietary crude protein (CP) concentration. Twelve lactating multiparous Holstein cows were randomly selected and blocked into 3 groups of 4 cows intended to represent early [123 ± 26 d in milk (DIM)], mid (175 ± 3 DIM), and late (221 ± 12 DIM) lactation stages. Cows within each stage of lactation were randomly assigned to a treatment sequence within a split-plot Latin square design balanced for carryover effects. Stage of lactation formed the main plots (squares) and dietary CP levels (15, 17, 19, and 21% of diet dry matter) formed the subplots. The experimental periods lasted 7 d, with d 1 to 6 used for adjustment to diets and d 7 used for total collection of feces and urine as well as milk sample collection. The feces and urine from each cow were mixed in the proportions in which they were excreted to make slurry that was used to measure ammonia emissions at 22.5°C over 24 h using flux chambers. Samples of manure slurry were taken before and after ammonia emission measurements. The amount of slurry increased by 22% as dietary CP concentration increased from 15 to 21%, largely because of a greater urine volume (25.3 to 37.1 kg/d). Initial urea N concentration increased linearly with dietary CP from 153.5 to 465.2 mg/dL in manure slurries from cows fed 15 to 21% CP diets. Despite the large initial differences, the final concentration of urea N in manure slurries was less than 10.86 mg/dL for all dietary treatments. The final total ammoniacal N concentration in manure slurries increased linearly from 228.2 to 508.7 mg/dL as dietary CP content increased from 15 to 21%. Ammonia emissions from manure slurries ranged between 57 and 149 g of N/d per cow and increased linearly with dietary CP content, but were unaffected by stage of lactation. Ammonia emission expressed as a proportion of N intake increased with percentage CP in the diet from about 12 to 20%, whereas ammonia emission as a proportion of urinary urea N excretion decreased from 67 to 47%. There was a strong relationship between ammonia emission and MUN [ammonia emission (g/d per cow) = 25.0 (±6.72) + 5.03 (±0.373) × MUN (mg/dL); R² = 0.85], which was not different among lactation stages. Milk urea N concentration is one of several factors that allows prediction of ammonia emissions from dairy cattle manure.     

用离子选择性电极法测定烟用聚丙烯丝束滤棒成型水基胶中的氨氮

通过对比分析,选择氨气敏电极法快速测定烟用聚丙烯丝束滤棒成型水基胶中的氨氮含量,考察了该方法的测定条件及影响因素。结果表明：①氨气敏电极具有很高的选择性,在强碱性条件下,采用EDTA作掩蔽剂,几乎所有无机离子对测定无影响;②部分挥发性胺对测定有明显干扰,表面活性剂含量低于0.1%时无干扰;③最优条件下方法的定量限0.67μg/mL,回收率96.1％～104.9％,RSD<4％。     

电化学生物传感器测定牛乳中乳糖含量的条件研究

将牛乳中特征物质乳糖浓度的变化引起的电化学性质用电信号表征出来,探索了电化学生物传感器测定牛乳中乳糖含量的条件,得出实验条件如下:选定突变电压为1.2V,电流测定的最佳条件是:反应温度为45℃,酶固定量为0.4μL,pH值为6.5,线性回归方程为Y=15.153X+1.5131,相关系数R2=0.9925,曲线的相关性很好;方法学考察说明,精密度为1.134%,重复性为2.624%,加标回收率为100.258%,该方法的稳定性、重复性好。     

酸洗废液在Fenton氧化深度处理造纸废水中的应用

以公司二级生化后的造纸废水为研究对象,首先确定了其Fenton氧化的最佳实验条件和在该实验条件下的Fenton氧化处理效果,然后分别将钛白粉废酸和钢铁废酸用于Fenton氧化,确定其最佳的Fenton氧化条件,最后以不同的混合比将钛白粉废酸和钢铁废酸混合用于Fenton氧化,确定其最佳的混合比。对比不同条件下Fenton氧化的处理效果和处理成本,选择Fenton氧化的最佳工艺条件。     

Prediction of ammonia emission from dairy cattle manure based on milk urea nitrogen: relation of milk urea nitrogen to urine urea nitrogen excretion

The objectives of this study were to assess the relationship between urinary urea N (UUN) excretion (g/d) and milk urea N (MUN; mg/dL) and to test whether the relationship was affected by stage of lactation and the dietary crude protein (CP) content. Twelve lactating multiparous Holstein cows were randomly selected and blocked into 3 groups of 4 cows intended to represent early [123 ± 26 d in milk (DIM); mean ± standard deviation], mid (175 ± 3 DIM), and late (221 ± 12 DIM) lactation stages. Cows within each stage of lactation were randomly assigned to a treatment sequence within a split-plot Latin square balanced for carryover effects. Stage of lactation formed the main plots (squares) and dietary CP levels (15, 17, 19, and 21% of diet dry matter) formed the subplots. Graded amounts of urea were added to the basal total mixed ration to linearly increase dietary CP content while maintaining similar concentrations of all other nutrients among treatments. The experimental periods lasted 7 d, with d 1 to 6 used for adjustment to diets and d 7 used for total collection of urine as well as milk and blood sample collection. Dry matter intake and yields of milk, fat, protein, and lactose declined progressively with lactation stage and were unaffected by dietary CP content. Milk and plasma urea-N as well as UUN concentration and excretion increased in response to dietary CP content. Milk and urine urea-N concentration rose at increasing and decreasing rates, respectively, as a function of plasma urea-N. The renal urea-N clearance rate differed among lactation stages and dietary CP contents. The relationship between UUN excretion and MUN differed among lactation stages and diverged from linearity for cows in early and late lactation. However, these differences were restricted to very high MUN concentrations. Milk urea N may be a useful tool to predict the UUN excretion and ultimately NH₃ emission from dairy cattle manure.     

Prediction of ammonia emission from dairy barns using feed characteristics part II: Relation between urinary urea concentration and ammonia emission

Emission of NH3 from dairy barns can be reduced substantially by changing the cows' diet. Emission of NH3 is reduced most effectively when dietary changes result in a reduction of urinary urea concentration. The objective of this research was to predict NH3 emission from dairy barns for various diets, using feed characteristics, and climate, barn, and slurry related parameters. Model results were validated using experimental data. Cows were fed one of nine diets, which was a combination of three rumen degradable protein balances and one of three roughage compositions. Each diet was repeated once. Measured parameters included herd, diet, urine, slurry, barn and climate characteristics, and emission of NH3 from the barn. For a wide range of diets and barn conditions, observed NH3 emission from a dairy barn can be predicted accurately using a combination of existing nutrition-emission models. Accuracy of prediction improved considerably, however, when observed emissions during four diet treatments were omitted due to suspected technical failure of the emission measurement equipment. Results also show that NH3 emissions in common practical situations will range from about 3.3 to 16.3 kg per cow per 190 d. To reduce NH3 emission in practice, farmers should maximize the diet's grass content, and at the same time, minimize its rumen degradable protein balance level. Currently, however, farmers need additional information to compose such a low-emission diet, which should fulfill also the intestine digestible protein and net energy-lactation requirements of a cow.     

高效厌氧反应器与生物接触氧化工艺处理玉米淀粉生产中的废水

介绍了采用高效厌氧反应器(UASB)-生物接触氧化为主体工艺来处理高浓度有机废水的工艺,处理后化学需氧量(CODcr)≤80 mg/L,生物需氧量(BOD5)≈20 mg/L,pH值6.8~7.2,基本达到《国家综合污水排放标准》(GB8978-1996)Ⅰ级排放标准。