有氧运动对饮食性高脂血症小鼠血脂改善效果的观察

目的：观察以高脂膳食诱导C57BL／6J小鼠血脂水平的变化以及有氧运动对其的改善作用。方法：以高脂膳食诱导的高脂血症小鼠为模型,分析有氧运动20周后血清TC,TG,HDL-c,LDL-c和VLDL-c水平的变化。结果: 高脂膳食组(H组)血清TC、TG、LDL-c显著高于正常组(N组)、恢复正常膳食组(RS组)和恢复正常膳食结合运动组(RE组)而VLDL-c显著降低;恢复正常膳食结合运动组血清TG、TC、LDL-c的水平显著降低,且与正常对照组没有显著性差异。单纯恢复正常膳食组TG、TC、LDL-C也有所下降。但显著高于正常对照组。结论：研究提示,有氧运动对高脂血症有明显的治疗作用。     

有氧运动同时补充玉米肽对肥胖大鼠脂肪分解关键酶的影响

目的：研究有氧运动同时补充玉米肽对高脂饮食诱导的肥胖大鼠减脂的作用及其与脂肪分解关键酶甘油三酯脂肪酶（ATGL）和脂蛋白酯酶（LPL）关系。方法：4周龄健康雄性SD大鼠150只,体重160~180 g,随机选取15只作为普通膳食不运动组,给予普通饲料喂养。剩余135只大鼠进行8周的高脂饲料喂养建立肥胖大鼠模型,以体重超过普通膳食不运动组大鼠平均体重的20%作为肥胖大鼠建模成功的标准。将建模成功的肥胖大鼠40只随机分为5组（n=8）：肥胖对照组、酪蛋白组、玉米肽组、运动组和运动+玉米肽组。除酪蛋白组、玉米肽组喂养自制饲料外,其余各组均用普通饲料喂养,运动组每天进行15 m/min,持续时间60 min的跑台运动,每周6天。4周运动和玉米肽干预后取血,检测大鼠血浆中TG、TC、HDL、LDL的含量;取大鼠肾周、附睾脂肪和肝,检测肾周和附睾脂肪的重量,Western blot检测大鼠肝ATGL、脂肪LPL的蛋白表达水平。结果：与肥胖对照组大鼠相比：①运动组、运动+玉米肽组大鼠的体重、附睾和肾周脂肪含量明显降低（P<0.05）,且运动+玉米肽组比运动组下降得更明显（P<0.05）,而其它组大鼠无显著差异。②运动组大鼠血浆TG显著降低,运动+玉米肽组的血浆TG、TC显著降低（P<0.05）,其它组大鼠的TG、TC无显著差异;血浆HDL和LDL各组间均无显著性差异。③运动组和运动+玉米肽组大鼠的肝ATGL、脂肪组织LPL的蛋白水平明显增加（P<0.01）,且运动+玉米肽组比运动组的更显著（P<0.05）;其他两组无显著差异。结论：有氧运动、有氧运动同时补充玉米肽都可以明显降低大鼠的体脂和血脂水平,且后者的作用更强,这可能与其更显著地增加肥胖大鼠肝ATGL和脂肪LPL的蛋白水平有关。而仅仅补充玉米肽不能降低大鼠的体脂和血脂水平。     

有氧运动对小鼠高脂血症及脂蛋白代谢的影响

本研究以高胆固醇饮食小鼠为实验对象,观察有氧运动对脂质水平异常的动物个体血脂及脂蛋白代谢的影响。结果显示,经１１周有氧耐力训练后,高脂膳食＋运动组小鼠血浆ＴＧ、ＴＣ及ＬＤＬ－Ｃ水平均显著低于高脂膳食组（Ｐ＜０．０５）,而ＨＤＬ－Ｃ／ＴＣ和ＨＤＬ－Ｃ／ＬＤＬ－Ｃ比值均显著高于高脂膳食组（Ｐ＜０．０５）。表明长期有氧耐力训练能显著改善高胆固醇饮食小鼠血脂及脂蛋白代谢状况。     

8周有氧运动对肥胖大鼠消化道嗜银细胞形态及分布密度的影响

为了研究有氧运动对肥胖大鼠(Rattus norvegicus)消化道嗜银细胞形态及分布密度的影响,本实验采用Grimelius银染法观察8周运动组(n=9)与对照组(n=9)肥胖大鼠消化道嗜银细胞形态及分布密度。结果显示,大鼠消化道各部位均有嗜银细胞分布;两组大鼠消化道嗜银细胞形态上无差异,均以圆形、椭圆形、锥体形、梭形为主;两组大鼠消化道嗜银细胞分布密度高峰均位于胃体,而低谷有所不同,对照组大鼠消化道嗜银细胞的分布密度低谷位于食管、贲门,运动组大鼠位于食管、贲门、空肠、回肠、直肠;两组相比,食管和直肠两部位分布密度差异不显著(P> 0.05),其余各部位均有差异,且运动组大鼠贲门、胃体、盲肠、结肠嗜银细胞分布密度极显著低于对照组(P <0.01),幽门、空肠嗜银细胞分布密度极显著高于对照组(P <0.01),运动组十二指肠、回肠嗜银细胞分布密度显著高于对照组(P <0.05)。两组动物嗜银细胞分泌密度的这种改变与动物机体所处不同生理状态以及消化道各部位功能有关。     

6周有氧运动结合饮食控制对肥胖青少年身体形态及血液指标的影响

目的：通过对肥胖青少年进行为期6周的有氧运动结合饮食控制干预,探讨长期有氧运动结合饮食控制对肥胖青少年身体形态及血液指标的影响。方法：选取某减肥公司20名男性肥胖青少年为研究对象,对其进行为期6周（每周训练6 d,每天上下午各90 min,具体运动时间段分为上午：9：30-11：00,下午15：30-17：00）的有氧运动结合饮食控制干预,并在试验前后分别对受试者身体形态指标及血液指标进行检测、分析。结果：经过6周有氧运动结合饮食控制后,肥胖青少年的各身体形态指标（除身高）较干预前均有显著的变化（P < 0.05）;胰岛素、总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白与试验前相比具有显著性差异（P < 0.01）,同时血糖、甘油三酯与试验前相比具有显著性差异（P < 0.05）,但高密度脂蛋白与试验前相比不具有显著性差异（P > 0.05）。结论：6周有氧运动结合饮食控制能明显的改善肥胖青少年的身体形态指标及血液指标,对提高肥胖青少年生命质量有着重要的意义,但对于更佳的运动方案的选择仍需进一步深入研究。     

不同强度有氧运动对大鼠脂代谢的影响

通过对不同强度有氧运动时大鼠脂代谢相关指标进行测试,发现规律的、周期性的、适宜的有氧运动对维持机体健康有益.     

有氧运动对老年大鼠胃肠动力及血清中胃促生长素、瘦素水平的影响

目的：探讨有氧运动对老年大鼠胃肠动力以及血清中胃促生长素（ghrelin）和瘦素（leptin）的影响。方法：雄性SD大鼠45只,分为青年对照组、老年对照组以及老年有氧运动组（n=15）。老年有氧运动组采用递增负荷的方式进行8周跑台运动。实验过程中连续观察并记录各组大鼠的摄食量、体重以及行为学特征;实验结束测定各组大鼠胃排空速率以及小肠推进比,血清Ghre-lin和Leptin。结果：与青年对照组相比,老年对照组大鼠摄食量、胃排空速率、小肠推进比、血清Ghrelin水平明显降低,体重、体脂和Leptin水平显著升高;与老年对照组相比,老年有氧运动组大鼠摄食量、胃排空速率、小肠推进比、血清Ghrelin水平明显升高,体重、体脂和Leptin水平明显降低。结论：有氧运动能促进老年大鼠食欲、提高胃肠动力、改善身体成分,其保护机制可能与血清中Ghrelin含量升高和Leptin含量降低有关。     

有氧运动对大鼠血清脂蛋白水平的时相性影响

目的：探讨有氧运动对大鼠血清中脂蛋白水平的时相性影响。方法：SD大鼠分为安静对照组（C）和有氧运动后即刻组（T0）、24h组（T1）、48h组（T2）、72h组（T3）进行比较性研究。结果：与安静对照组相比，有氧运动能够减少大鼠体重、体重增加量和腹部脂肪积累，使血清HDL-C有时相性升高趋势，LDL-C和LDL-C／HDL-C有时相性下降趋势。结论：有氧运动能改善脂蛋白代谢，且可持续数天。     

补服支链氨基酸对有氧运动耐力的影响

为了研究补服支链氨基酸(branched-chain amino acid,BCAA)对有氧运动耐力的影响,给白鼠补服BCAA,检测其对白鼠的运动能力和血清游离氨基酸代谢的影响;另选择健康男性作为受试者,于测试前30min分别口服氨基酸补剂及安慰剂,采取自身对照性分析法对比12min跑成绩及最大吸氧量的变化。结果表明,白鼠补充BCAA后,有氧运动的衰竭推迟出现,血清中BCAA的含量显著提高;人体数据研究表明,补服BCAA后,12min跑成绩和最大吸氧量均显著提高。表明补服BCAA能有效提高人体的有氧运动耐力。     

有氧运动对高脂饮食大鼠血液中胃促生长素、血糖及血脂的影响

目的：探讨有氧运动对高脂饮食大鼠血液中胃促生长素（Ghrelin）和血脂的影响。方法：成年sD大鼠30只,分为3组（n=10）,对各组大鼠血液中血糖、甘油三酯（TG）、胆固醇（TC）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）和Ghrelin进行测试。结果：与正常对照组相比,高脂饮食大鼠血液中Ghrelin明显下降,代含量显著升高,HDL含量降低,有氧运动后,高脂大鼠血液中Ghrelin增加,TC含量显著降低,HDL含量升高。结论：有氧运动能改善高脂血症,其保护机制可能是升高大鼠血液中Ghrelin和改变血脂的含量。     

Effects of aerobic exercise on metabolic syndrome improvement in response to weight reduction

Objective: The objective was to test effects of aerobic exercise training on metabolic syndrome (MetSyn) improvement in response to weight reduction. Research Methods and Procedures: A total of 459 overweight and obese women (age, 49 ± 9 years; BMI, 28 ± 3 kg/m²) were recruited for a baseline examination to test the relationship between cardiorespiratory fitness and metabolic syndrome prevalence; among these, 67 subjects with MetSyn were treated with 14‐week weight‐loss programs, which included low‐calorie diet and aerobic exercise. The MetSyn was defined according to the Examination Committee of Criteria for “Metabolic Syndrome” in Japan. Maximal oxygen uptake (V?o _2max) during a maximal cycling test was measured as an index of cardiorespiratory fitness at baseline and after the intervention. Results: In the baseline examination, age‐ and BMI‐adjusted odds ratios for MetSyn prevalence in the low, middle, and upper thirds of V?o _2max were 1.0 (referent), 0.50 (95% confidence interval, 0.26 to 0.95), and 0.39 (95% confidence interval, 0.14 to 0.96), respectively (linear trend, p = 0.02). The adjusted odds ratios for MetSyn improvement in the two interventions with diet alone and diet plus exercise were 1.0 and 3.68 (95% confidence interval, 1.02 to 17.6; p = 0.04), respectively. Discussion: These results suggest that adding aerobic exercise training to a dietary weight‐reduction program further improves MetSyn (adjusted odds ratio, 3.68) in obese women, compared with diet alone. Further studies on an association between V?o _2max change and MetSyn improvement are needed.     

The prostacyclin analogue beraprost sodium prevents development of arterial stiffness in elderly patients with cerebral infarction

Prostacyclin (PGI(2)) inhibits platelet aggregation, smooth muscle cell proliferation, and vasoconstriction. Arterial stiffness assessed by pulse wave velocity (PWV) predicts mortality in various cardiovascular diseases. To study the preventive effects of a prostacyclin analogue, beraprost sodium, on arterial PWV values in elderly patients with cerebral infarction. Forty-four patients with a history of cerebral infarction received beraprost sodium (120 microg/day p.o.) or no beraprost sodium (control) for 3 months. Arterial PWV and ankle brachial indices (ABI) were determined prior to starting the medication and after 3 months of medication. Initially, there were no differences in age, blood pressure, and body mass index. Further, PWV or ABI did not differ between the beraprost sodium group (n = 22) and the control group (n = 22). After 3 months, PWV in beraprost sodium group was significantly reduced (-123 +/- 282) when compared with the control group (147 +/- 274)(P = 0.006). ABI was not significantly different when comparing the two groups at 3 months. Long-term administration of beraprost sodium prevents the decline in arterial biomechanics in elderly patients with cerebral infarction.     

The therapeutic effect of aerobic exercise with resistance training in elderly men with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Objective: This study was conducted to examine the effects of aerobic exercise alone and aerobic exercise with resistance training on the quality of life in men over the age of 55 years with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods: A total of 54 participants were divided into the following three groups so that there were no significant differences in blood chemistry or physical ability indexes among the three groups: control, aerobic exercise, and aerobic exercise with resistance training. The latter two groups exercised for 24 weeks, while the control group performed no exercise. Blood chemistry levels and measures of physical ability in each group members were examined one day before and one day after the exercise regimens. Results: Compared with those before the study, blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin, triglycerides, cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein levels as well as vital capacity, reaction time, sit-and-reach ability, and balancing while standing on one leg with closed eyes were significantly improved in the aerobic exercise only group(P 0.05). All these measures as well as high-density lipoprotein levels and grip, back, and leg strength were significantly improved in the combined aerobic and resistance training group(P 0.05). By contrast, no significant differences before and after the experiment were found in any measure for the control group(P 0.05). Conclusion: Although both aerobic exercise and aerobic exercise combined with resistance training for 24 weeks effectively improved the quality of life in patients with type 2 diabetes, the effect of the combined training was better than that of aerobic exercise alone. These results suggest that resistance training may be safely added to the rehabilitation training regimen of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.     

有氧运动联合褪黑素对Ⅱ型糖尿病大鼠骨质疏松的影响

目的：观察有氧运动和褪黑素对Ⅱ型糖尿病大鼠骨质疏松的影响。方法：6周龄的成年雌性SD大鼠60只,随机分为安静对照组（N组）10只和Ⅱ型糖尿病模型组50只,N组大鼠不加任何干预,Ⅱ型糖尿病模型组大鼠一次性腹腔注射35 mg/kg链脲佐菌素（STZ）,1周后检测大鼠血糖大于16.7 mmol/L为Ⅱ型糖尿病造模成功,将40只成模大鼠随机分为糖尿病对照组（D）、糖尿病+有氧运动组（DE）、糖尿病+褪黑素组（DM）、糖尿病+有氧运动+褪黑素组（DEM）,每组10只;DE组和DEM组大鼠采用20 min的递增负荷的方式进行跑台有氧运动,训练持续6周,DM组和DEM组大鼠每天灌胃40 mg/kg褪黑素,观察各组大鼠体重、脊椎骨以及左右股骨骨密度（BMD）、观察大鼠血糖、血清丙二醛（MDA）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）、血清总钙（Ca）、无机磷（P）和甲状旁腺素（PTH）的变化。结果：与N组相比,D组大鼠体重、血清SOD、GSH-Px水平、血Ca、腰椎和左右股骨BMD显著降低（P < 0.05,P < 0.01）,血糖、血清MDA和血PTH水平显著升高（P < 0.01）,血P无明显变化（P > 0.05）;与D组比较,DE组、DM组大鼠大鼠体重、血清SOD、GSH-Px水平、血Ca、腰椎和左右股骨BMD显著升高（P < 0.05,P <0.01）,血糖、血清MDA和血PTH水平显著降低（P < 0.05,P < 0.01）,血P无明显变化（P > 0.05）,有氧运动和褪黑素同时干预效果更好。结论：有氧运动和褪黑素均能改善糖尿病骨质疏松,且两者联合干预的效果更加显著,其可能与通过提高糖尿病大鼠的抗氧化应激能力,调节糖的代谢从而有效地降低血钙和PTH,改善BMD来缓解骨质疏松有关。     

有氧运动训练影响大鼠胸主动脉环内皮依赖性舒张功能机制的研究

目的:探讨有氧运动对大鼠胸主动脉内皮依赖性舒张功能影响的机制。方法:12只SD大鼠随机分为有氧运动和对照两组(n=6),经过8周每天1 h的游泳训练后(每周5天),测定比较2组间大鼠胸主动脉舒张功能的改变。结果:有氧运动组一氧化氮(NO)和前列环素PGI2途径胸主动脉舒张功能的Rmax值较对照组明显提高(P<0.05)。结论:有氧运动对大鼠胸主动脉舒张功能的有益影响,主要是由NO和PGI2途径介导的。     

负重爬梯与有氧跑台运动对糖尿病大鼠学习记忆能力的影响及其机制探讨

目的：研究负重爬梯与有氧跑台运动对糖尿病大鼠学习记忆能力的改善效果并探索其可能分子机制。方法：40只雄性大鼠,随机分为正常对照组（NC）、糖尿病对照组（DC）、糖尿病负重爬梯组（DL）和糖尿病有氧跑台组（DA）,以单次腹腔注射链脲佐菌素构建糖尿病大鼠模型。DL组在晚上进行负重爬梯训练,10次/组×3组/天,每次间歇2 min,6天/周×6周;DA组在同一时间进行20 m/min的跑台训练,30 min/d。于造模成功和运动干预结束后采用Morris水迷宫检测大鼠的学习记忆能力;第2次水迷宫测试结束后断颈处死大鼠,采用RT-QPCR法检测大鼠海马内脑源性神经营养因子（BDNF）、TRKB、CREB mRNA表达水平。结果：与NC组相比,DC组大鼠海马BDNF、CREB基因表达显著下降,学习记忆能力显著降低。与DC组相比,DL和DA组大鼠海马BDNF、CREB基因表达显著上调,学习能力显著提高;DL大鼠海马TrkB基因显著上调,大鼠空间记忆能力显著改善,而DA组大鼠海马TrkB基因无显著变化,大鼠空间记忆能力无改善,与DA组相比,DL组大鼠海马TRKB、CREB基因显著上调。结论：有氧跑台运动与负重爬梯运动介导BDNF/TrkB/CREB信号通路对糖尿病大鼠的学习能力均有促进作用,而负重爬梯运动对糖尿病大鼠记忆能力的改善优于有氧运动方式。     

Effects Ala54Thr polymorphism of FABP2 on obesity index and biochemical variable in response to a aerobic exercise training

The purpose of the current study was to investigate whether or not the FABP2 gene polymorphism modulated obesity indices, hemodynamic factor, blood lipid factor, and insulin resistance markers through 12-week aerobic exercise training in abdominal obesity group of Korean mid-life women. A total of 243 abdominally obese subjects of Korean mid-life women voluntarily participated in aerobic exercise training program for 12 weeks. Polymerase Chain Reaction with Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) assay was used to assess the FABP2 genotype of the participants (117 of AA homozygotes, 100 of AT heterozygotes, 26 of TT homozygotes). Prior to the participation of the exercise training program, baseline obesity indices, hemodynamic factor, blood lipid factor, and insulin resistance markers were measured. All the measurements were replicated following the 12-week aerobic exercise training program, and then the following results were found. After 12-week aerobic exercise training program, wild type (Ala54Ala) and mutant type (Ala54Thr+Thr54Thr) significantly decreased weight (P > .001), BMI (P > .001), %bf (P > .001), waist circumference (P > .001), WHR (P > .001), muscle mass (wild type p < .022; mutant type P > .001), RHR (P > .001), viseceral adipose area (wild type p < .005; mutant type P > .001), subcutaneous area (P > .001), insulin (wild type p < .005; mutant type P > .001) and significantly increased VO2max (P > .001). And wild type significantly decresed NEFA (P > .05), glucose (P > .05), OGTT 120min glucose (P > .05) and significantly increased HDLC (p > .005). Mutant type significantly decreased SBP (P > .001), DBP (P > .01), TC (P > .01), LPL (P > .05), LDL (P > .001), HOMA index (P > .01). The result of the present study represents that regular aerobic exercise training may beneficially prevent obesity index, blood pressure, blood lipids and insulin resistance markers independent of FABP Ala54Thr wild type and mutant type.     

High‐Sensitivity C‐Reactive Protein in Japanese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

Objective: To assess the relationship between high‐sensitivity (HS) C‐reactive protein (CRP) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) or atherosclerosis and to assess effects of strict metabolic control on the degree of inflammation and MetS in patients with type 2 diabetes. Research Methods and Procedures: Four hundred thirteen patients with diabetes were enrolled in the cross‐sectional study. Of these 413 patients, 161 patients were further admitted for 2.4 ± 0.4 weeks (mean ± SD) to investigate the change in HS‐CRP or other parameters under strict metabolic control. Results: Log‐transformed HS‐CRP value (log HS‐CRP) was strongly correlated with BMI (r = 0.448, p < 0.01). Log HS‐CRP was also correlated with the presence of MetS or each component of MetS. Furthermore, a positive significant trend in HS‐CRP levels was shown with an increasing number of MetS components (p < 0.05). Log HS‐CRP showed a significant positive correlation with carotid artery intima‐media thickness (IMT) (r = 0.152, p < 0.01). In multiple step‐wise regression analysis, BMI, hemoglobin A_1c, right IMT, duration of diabetes, and triglyceride were selected as explanatory variables for log HS‐CRP (R² = 0.412). Under strict metabolic control, HS‐CRP was significantly (p < 0.01) lower, together with lower levels of other markers for MetS. The change in HS‐CRP was significantly correlated with the change in BMI (r = 0.161, p = 0.04). Discussion: In subjects with type 2 diabetes, HS‐CRP levels are related to MetS and subclinical atherosclerosis. Strict weight management and metabolic control were associated with a reduction in HS‐CRP levels, and changes in HS‐CRP were related to changes in weight, supporting the hypothesis that lifestyle modification reduces inflammation and the risk of CHD.     

Effects of muscular and aqua aerobic combined exercise on metabolic indices in elderly women with metabolic syndrome

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of muscle strengthening exercise using elastic thera-band and aquatic aerobic combined exercise on metabolic syndrome index in elderly with metabolic syndrome. Fifty-four were assigned to muscle strengthening exercise group (n = 19), aquatic aerobic exercise group (n = 19), and combined exercise group (n = 16). The muscle strength exercise, aquatic aerobic exercise and combined exercise were provided three times a week for 12 weeks. Metabolic syndrome indices[Fasting blood glucose, triglyceride, high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and waist circumference] were measured before and after the program. One-way ANOVA, paired t-test and two-way repeated ANOVA were used with the SPSS program for data analysis. There was a significant difference in triglyceride (p < .001), HDL-C (p = .010) and waist circumference (p = .016). Triglyceride and waist circumference was significantly decreased in combined group than muscle strength exercise group and aquatic exercise group. HDL-C was significantly increased in combined group than muscle strength exercise group. The results indicate that combined exercise was more effective in the improvement of dyslipidemia and abdominal obesity.