高流动高模量高抗冲聚丙烯复合材料的制备及性能研究

研究了弹性体（POE）、滑石粉(talc)、乙撑双硬脂酰胺（EBS）的含量对高流动、高模量、高抗冲聚丙烯（PP）复合材料的力学性能、熔体流动速率、结晶温度、热稳定性以及微观断面结构的影响。结果表明,需要25份POE才能使高流动性共聚PP发生完全脆韧转变;通过熔融共混制备PP、POE、talc复合材料（PP/POE/talc）,当复合材料的质量份数比为80∶20∶40时,制得的PP/POE/talc复合材料的熔体流动速率为22.9 g/10 min、弯曲模量为1 887.7 MPa、缺口冲击强度为31.2 kJ/m2;对比纯PP,其弯曲模量提高了102.2 %,缺口冲击强度提高了217.8 %,弯曲强度提高了2.6 %,拉伸强度降低了15.1 %;添加1份EBS能够同时提高PP/POE/talc复合材料的熔体流动速率与缺口冲击强度。     

不同润滑剂对滑石粉填充聚丙烯材料颜色的影响

以聚丙烯(PP)为基体树脂,滑石粉(Talc)为填料,采用哈克密炼机进行混合加工,从提高滑石粉填充聚丙烯材料白度的角度出发,探索了材料在密炼机加工过程中较优的工艺条件,当加工温度为190℃,时间在10min内时,制备的40份Talc/PP复合材料白度较好。同时借助于溶解度关系,研究了几种常见润滑剂在加工过程中起到的润滑作用以及对Talc/PP复合材料颜色的影响。结果表明,润滑剂与正己烷的相容性从小到大依次为:芥酸酰胺(JSXA)、硬脂酸锌(Zn St)、乙撑双硬脂酰胺(EBS);不同润滑剂在材料中扭矩从小到大依次为:Zn St、EBS、JSXA,且均小于不加润滑剂的材料扭矩;材料白度L值从小到大依次为:Zn St、JSXA、EBS。EBS因具有较好的内外兼修的润滑效果,使得材料体系白度能够大幅提高,其白度可以达到85. 8。     

一种新型含氟复合光亮润滑剂的制备

将乙撑双硬脂酰胺(EBS)、XH-202C型含氟光亮润滑剂及甘油单硬脂酸酯(GMS)以适当的比例充分混合均匀,经挤出造粒得到新型含氟复合光亮润滑剂EBS/GMS/XH202C。EBS/GMS/XH202C的最佳配比为86:2:12,用于PVC混合料,可以改善制品的润滑性能,抗冲强度和加工性能。     

冰醋酸改性EBS润滑剂性能的研究

采用冰醋酸对乙撑双硬脂酰胺(EBS)润滑剂进行改性,生产出一种新型润滑剂EBC。与EBS相比,EBC润滑剂分子链中减少了了N—H键,并引入了新的弱极性基团—CO—CH_3,增大了分子的极性,避免了分子间氢键的形成,使熔点降低,黏度减小,分散性增强。研究发现:高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)中加入EBC润滑剂后,熔体流动速率大幅提高,平衡扭矩明显下降。当EBC润滑剂加入量为1 phr时,塑化时间最短,拉伸强度最高,综合性能最好。     

复合塑料润滑剂的制备及应用

介绍了乙撑双硬脂酰胺 (EBS)和单硬脂酸甘油酯 (GMS)的合成方法 ,并对GMS/EBS复配体系润滑剂的应用进行了探讨     

聚丙烯/微胶囊红磷复合材料熔体密度及流动性能研究

采用熔体流动速率仪考察了温度、载荷以及微胶囊红磷含量对聚丙烯/微胶囊红磷(PP/MRP)复合体系熔体密度和流动性能的影响。结果表明:在实验条件下,PP/MRP复合体系熔体密度随温度升高而降低,随载荷的增大而提高,随MRP含量的增加而呈增大的趋势。PP/MRP复合体系熔体的表观剪切应力与剪切速率基本符合幂律方程,熔体为假塑性流体,并且随着温度的升高,熔体黏度降低,假塑性增强;随着MRP含量的增加,熔体的黏度提高,假塑性增强。PP/MRP复合体系熔体的表观剪切黏度对温度的依赖性符合Arrhenius关系。     

RA-g-PHS超分散剂对PP/MCF木塑复合材料性能的影响

采用自制松香海松酸接枝聚十二羟基硬脂酸(RA-g-PHS)超分散剂改性聚丙烯(PP)/剑麻纤维素微晶(MCF)木塑复合材料,研究了RA-g-PHS超分散剂用量对PP/MCF木塑复合材料力学性能、熔体流动速率和热性能的影响,并用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）对PP/MCF木塑复合材料冲击断面形貌的微观结构进行分析。结果表明,当RA-g-PHS超分散剂用量为2 %时,PP/MCF木塑复合材料的冲击强度为13.68 kJ/m2,熔体流动速率为2.06 g/10 min,相比未添加RA-g-PHS超分散剂的PP/MCF木塑复合材料分别提升了100 %和34.6 %,且热稳定性最好。     

反应挤出法制备高熔体强度聚丙烯

以1,6己二醇二丙烯酸酯（HDDA）为接枝单体,苯乙烯（St）为共聚单体对聚丙烯（PP）进行熔融接枝,并在反应体系中加入β成核剂,从而改变PP晶型,通过接枝长支链提高聚丙烯的熔体强度。研究了螺杆转速、引发剂用量、单体摩尔比及投料量对熔体流动速率和熔体强度的影响。采用傅里叶变换红外光谱仪、热重分析仪及X射线衍射仪等对改性材料的结构和性能进行分析。结果表明,在优化的反应条件下,接枝改性PP的熔体流动速率和熔体强度分别为0.70 g/10 min,10.00 kPa·s;热稳定性也比纯PP有很大程度提高。     

ABS树脂润滑剂作用机理研究

利用正交实验方法研究了ABS树脂常用润滑剂的作用机理。设计了2因素3水平的正交实验,研究了乙烯基二硬脂酰胺(EBS)、硬脂酸镁两种润滑剂的内润滑和外润滑作用,通过低剪切速率下的融流指数表征内润滑效果,利用哈克流变仪剪切扭矩及塑化时间表征高剪切条件下外润滑作用。结果表明,EBS具有较强的内润滑作用,对ABS树脂的融流指数贡献率达到95.43%;硬脂酸镁的润滑作用机理与EBS相同,但润滑效果不如EBS,其对ABS树脂的融流指数贡献率只有2.64%,两种润滑剂对哈克流变塑化时间影响不大,因此外润滑作用不明显,且两种润滑剂对塑化时间和扭矩的贡献率相同,都在50%左右。     

相容剂和加工工艺对PA1010/PP共混体系形态和力学性能的影响

以马来酸酐（MAH）和苯乙烯（St）多单体熔融接枝聚丙烯[PP-g-(MAH-co-St）]为相容剂,制备了聚酰胺10101/聚丙烯（PA1010/PP）共混体系。用毛细管流变仪、扫描电子显微镜、力学性能测试等方法研究了和加工工艺相容剂对PA1010/PP共混体系的形态和力学性能的影响。结果表明,相容剂PP-g-(MAH-co-St)有效降低了PA1010/PP共混体系的熔体流动速率;该共混体系熔体属于假塑性流体,熔体黏度随PP-g-(MAH-co-St)含量的增加逐渐增大;随着相容剂含量的增加,PA1010/PP共混体系中分散相PP的粒径逐步减小,力学性能得到改善,PA1010/PP/PP-g-(MAH-co-St)为70/25/5和70/20/10的共混体系的拉伸强度分别比PA1010/PP (70/30)共混体系提高了55.0 %和61.9 %,冲击强度分别提高了61.0 %和129.7 %;剪切速率为706.5 s-1时出现熔体破裂现象,剪切速率为5002.65 s-1时出现严重熔体破裂。     

低气味、低VOC聚丙烯/滑石粉共混物的研究

采用熔融共混法制备聚丙烯(PP)/滑石粉共混物,利用力学性能测试和热脱附-气相/质谱(TDS-GC/MS)分析手段考察了滑石粉、吸附剂和萃取剂对PP/滑石粉共混物力学性能、熔体流动速率、气味和挥发性有机物(VOC)挥发量的影响。实验结果表明,随着滑石粉、吸附剂和萃取剂含量的增加,PP/滑石粉共混物的气味和总挥发性有机物(TVOC)降低;而吸附剂和萃取剂含量对力学性能几乎没有影响,对熔体流动速率略有影响;另外,随着吸附剂含量的增加,PP/滑石粉共混物的吸湿性会增大,当吸附剂质量分数达到5%时,放置480 h后,其吸水量提高2.7倍;在滑石粉质量分数为20%的PP/滑石粉共混物中,当吸附剂和萃取剂质量分数分别为0.5%,1.0%时,共混物的气味强度和舒适度可分别达到2.5级和0级,TVOC挥发量较挤出后的纯PP下降51%。     

Lubricant systems for rigid PVC applications

Lubricants are used in extrusion processing of rigid polyvinyl chloride (PVC) compounds to control fusion and reduce shear heating. Without lubricants, conversion to the melt state results in excessive shear heating and degradation of the compound. The present work compares new lubricant systems containing complex esters with conventional systems based on ethylene bisstearamide (EBS) and paraffin. These new systems provide improved compound stability, weatherability, and physical properties. In addition, use of these systems results in lower compound viscosity compared with the conventional lubricant packages. The effects of other characteristics of these systems, such as the degree of esterification on compound properties, are also discussed.     

通过反应挤出提高聚丙烯的熔体强度

利用反应挤出技术研究了不同反应物对聚丙烯(PP)熔体强度的影响。考察了不同用量的低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)、乙烯-乙酸乙烯酯共聚物(EVA)、季戊四醇三丙烯酸酯(PETA)、二乙烯基苯(DVB)以及上述物质的混合物在过氧化二异丙苯的引发下对PP熔体强度、熔体流动速率、熔垂的影响。结果表明,LDPE、EVA的加入对产物熔体强度的影响有限,PFTA也只能使其提高1倍左右;而DVB的加入可使产物的熔体强度显著提高,仅加入1％就可使熔体强度提高20倍,熔垂实验也证明了这一点;几种反应物混合使用效果不如单独使用好。     

Influence of poly(ethylene glycol)‐containing additives on extrusion of ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene/polypropylene blend

The influence of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)‐containing additives on the extrusion behavior of ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene/polypropylene (UHMWPE/PP) blend was studied. It was found that the addition of small amounts of PEG to UHMWPE/PP blend resulted in significant reduction of die pressure and melt viscosity, and obvious increase of the flow rate at a given die pressure, while PEG/diatomite binary additives enhanced the improvement in the processability of UHMWPE/PP blend. When pure HDPE was extruded with the die through which UHMWPE/PP/PEG blend was previously extruded, the extrusion pressure of HDPE increased with the extrusion time gradually. This meant that PEG might migrate to the die wall surface and coat it in the extrusion of UHMWPE/PP/PEG blend. FTIR spectra and SEM micrographs of the UHMWPE/PP/PEG extrudates indicated that PEG located not only at the surface but also in the interior of the extrudates. So, the external lubrication at the die wall, combined with the internal lubrication to induce interphase slippage of the blend, was proposed to be responsible for the reduction of die pressure and viscosity. In addition, an ultrahigh molecular weight polysiloxane and a fluoropolymer processing aid were used as processing aids in the extrusion of UHMWPE/PP as control, and the results showed that only minor reduction effects in die pressure and melt viscosity were achieved at their suggested loading level. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 100: 1282–1288, 2006     

耐划伤剂对车用聚丙烯材料耐划伤和散发性能的影响

采用熔融共混挤出的方法,制备了聚丙烯/滑石粉/弹性体三元共混材料,并考察了两种耐划伤剂对材料耐划伤性能、散发性能和力学性能的影响。采用十字划伤仪和色差仪对材料在常温和热老化(102℃,168 h)条件下的耐划伤性能进行了评价;采用气味评定、顶空–气相色谱、挥发性有机化合物(VOC)袋子法以及雾度仪分别对添加两种耐划伤剂后材料的气味、总挥发性有机化合物(TVOC)以及VOC和雾度进行了测试。结果表明,采用酰胺类和有机硅类耐划伤剂可改善聚丙烯材料表面的耐划伤性能,常温下两者效果相当,但热老化后前者耐划伤性能消失,而后者仍具有良好的耐划伤性能。在散发性能方面,采用有机硅类耐划伤剂在气味等级、VOC、雾度等方面均优于酰胺类划伤剂。相对于酰胺类耐划伤剂,添加有机硅类耐划伤剂的材料韧性和熔体流动速率有所提升。通过使用有机硅类耐划伤剂制备了在耐划伤性能和散发性能上均满足材料要求的汽车零部件。     

In situ formation and compounding of polyamide 12 by reactive extrusion

The anionic polymerization of lauryllactam was initiated at 270°C using sodium hydride as an initiator and N,N′‐ethylene‐bisstearamide (EBS) as an activator (NaH:EBS molar ratio of 2). Polymerization occurred in less than 2 min and was successfully performed in an internal mixer and a twin‐screw extruder with corotating intermeshing screws (Werner & Pfleiderer ZSK 25). The content of residual monomer, as determined by thermogravimetric analysis, was lower than 0.5 wt %. Molecular weight, as measured by size exclusion chromatography, was governed by the lauryllactam:NaH molar ratio calculated on a M_n of 25 kg/mol at a constant NaH:EBS molar ratio of 2. Blends were prepared in situ by polymerization of lauryllactam solutions of various polymers. When poly(ethylene‐co‐butylacrylate) (Lotryl®; Atofina) was dissolved in lauryllactam, rubber‐toughened polyamide 12 blends were obtained. Mechanical properties of the injection‐molded polymers were examined by stress–strain as well as notched Charpy impact tests at different temperatures. Blend morphologies were imaged by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 90: 344–351, 2003     

Shear flow behavior and oil distribution between phases in thermoplastic vulcanizates

The high rate shear flow behavior and the morphology of five different oil‐extended polypropylene (PP)/ethylene‐propylene‐diene monomer (EPDM) thermoplastic vulcanizate blends were investigated with the melt flow rate (MFR) of the PP varying from 0.7 to 20. The ratio of rubber to PP is 70 : 30 in three of the thermoplastic vulcanizates (TPVs) and 50 : 50 in the other two TPVs. The distribution of the high‐temperature oil between the PP melt and the rubber is a key parameter because this will affect the viscosity of the PP/oil medium. The object of this study was to estimate the matrix composition in each of the TPVs at processing temperatures and to compare the shear viscosity of the effective matrix with that of the TPV. To this end, several PP/oil mixtures were prepared and their viscosity curves were correlated with the neat PP melt viscosity curves by means of shift factors varying with oil concentration. The oil distribution between the PP and rubber phases was estimated from TEM micrographs of the TPV blends. The results show that the PPs are mixed with oil to different proportions in the different TPVs and the viscosity curves of these mixtures exhibit the same trends in magnitude as the corresponding TPV viscosity curves. Hence, the shear flow of TPVs can be understood more readily in terms of the effective PP/oil medium flow behavior than in terms of the neat PP melt flow. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 93: 113–121, 2004     

聚丙烯专用树脂的开发与生产

介绍了盘锦乙炮有限责任公司近年来研制生产的聚丙烯专用树脂，具体阐述了电容膜专用树脂F400A在降低产品的灰分，控制分子量分布，提高使用时成膜率的情况；生产涂覆级专用树脂J741时，在高熔体流动指、高乙烯含量状态下，解决了下料管线堵塞问题，并使生产过程中熔体流动指数、乙烯含量等控制平稳；研制的高抗冲共聚管材专用树脂P340A使产品的韧性提高，长期耐老化性得到改善；大口径管材专用树脂P240实现了低熔体流动指数下的平稳控制。     

聚丙烯抗冲共聚产品2500H的开发

采用反应器串联操作的方式,在气相反应器中聚合生成高抗冲的共聚聚丙烯2500H.结合Novolen聚丙烯工艺特点,通过试生产确定出生产工艺条件和反应物的性能：高抗冲共聚聚丙烯的MFR为1.5-2.5 g·（10min）-1,乙烯含量为9％～13％,二甲苯可溶物含量为18％～23％,产品低温抗冲击性能优良.