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超短周期(ultra-short-period, USP)行星是指轨道周期小于1 d的系外行星,是近年来系外行星研究领域中一个新的前沿目标。USP行星的搜寻与确认需要借助傅里叶变换(Fourier transform, FT)和盒最小二乘法(the box least, BLS)等光变曲线分析算法,以筛选和确认精准的周期信号。利用统计方法可得到目前USP行星的轨道周期、行星半径、宿主恒星类型等分布特征。大部分USP行星半径小于2R⊕,受行星质量限制,大多数USP行星无法通过视向速度信号测得精确的行星质量。根据已有的观测结果可算出,部分USP行星的质量小于10M⊕,由此推测这些USP的组成更接近金属与岩石混合的类地行星。由于密近轨道可能发生光致蒸发等物质损失过程,USP行星大气的存在情况尚不明确。目前,USP行星被认为起源于热木星(hot-Jupiters)或亚海王星(sub-Neptunes),但USP行星与热木星的主星金属丰度的分布存在较大差异,亚海王星的光致蒸发起源理论可能性更高。USP行星轨道演化机制包括低偏心率轨道迁移和潮汐耗散的原位起源模型等。 相似文献
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近十年来,天文学家已经新发现了将近3000颗系外行星。将来,随着更多用于搜寻系外行星的新卫星发射升空,这一数字还会增长得更快。研究者最初关心的主要是尽可能多地发现系外行星,并且确定它们的质量和轨道。近年来,人们的关注点已经更多地转向行星更为特殊的性质,如化学组成、自转周期和大气特征(如,系外行星上的云). 相似文献
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由南北朝以前171个月掩星记录所得到的地球自转长期变化 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
刘次沅 《中国天文和天体物理学报》1988,(2)
应用“实际可见时间段”方法研究中国古代只有日期而无观测时刻的月掩星记录,文中讨论了这些记录的真实性及其含义,由南北朝以前的58个月掩行星和113个月掩恒星记录分别得到公元1,4,5,6世纪的地球自转参数△t和ω平均值为ω=-66.8秒/世纪~2。 相似文献
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从观测者的角度,当一颗行星穿越太阳表面时,这一现象就叫做“凌日”。对于探测系外行星来说,“凌日”现象称作”凌星”,这是发现系外行星的方法之一。行星出现“凌日”现象可稍微改变恒星的亮度,大约只有一万分之一的亮度变化,“凌星”现象大约可持续2~16个小时。如果“凌星”现象完全是由行星自然运行而导致的,那么这种运行变化将完全具有周期性。此外,相同行星产生的所有凌日现象都应当具有相同的亮度变化,持续相同的时间。因此,行星“凌星”探测方法具有较强的可重复性信号且十分有效。 相似文献
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上海天文台GPS/LEO掩星反演地球大气模拟软件(SHAOOS)介绍 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
由中国科学院上海天文台和温州师范学院数学系联合开发的上海天文台GPS/LEO掩星反演地球大气模拟软件SHAOOS(ShanghaiAstronomicalObservatoryOccultationSimulation)是根据大气折射定律和射线追踪原理设计的 ;其目的是为GPS/LEO掩星反演地球大气技术的理论研究提供多功能的模拟程序 ,并为上海天文台将来的GPS/LEO掩星技术综合科学计算软件包作技术准备。简单介绍了SHAOOS的基本物理原理、数学方法、程序结构和功能以及在此软件基础上可进一步开展的应用研究工作 相似文献
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本文收集了BW Vul迄今已知的全部光度极大发生时刻,在认真分析不同资料来源可靠性的基础上,只选用那些观测精度较好的光电测光资料共166个光度极大时刻实测值。对这些数据进行周期分析后求得该星的光度极大时刻可用公式(按日心儒略日计算): T_(max)=HJD2428802.7250+0.201027291E+9.35×10~(-11)E~2 ±16 56 ± 5来很好地加以描述。以前所认为的周期突变或长周期性变化,完全是可信度极差的观测资料引入的假象。按上述公式处理后的(O—C)值仍有±0.007天左右的无规起伏,可能主要是由观测误差引起的,但也不排除一部分是真实的,即说明脉动周期不是绝对严格的。 相似文献
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自从Maryor和Queloz于1995年在51Pegb周围发现了第1颗主序恒星系统内的行星以来,人类已经利用越来越精密的探测方法获得了更多的太阳系外行星系统的信息.截至2010年3月,人类已经探测到了431颗太阳系外行星,其中包含了45个多行星系统.从统计结果来看,系外行星系统的构型以及行星的特点与太阳系存在很多差异.研究这些系统的形成过程可以对太阳系的形成有更深刻的理解,并将推进行星系统形成理论的发展. 相似文献
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对银河系内卫星星系进行全面的\"人口普查\"具有重要的意义。目前已经发现了二十几个卫星星系,其光度范围分布很广,最暗的矮星系比球状星体还暗。叙述了卫星星系的光度分布、空间分布和动力学性质。总结了观测和理论研究进展,并讨论了星流和伽玛射线在研究银河系结构和暗物质性质方面的贡献。表明了卫星星系的统计分布能用来很好地限制冷暗物质理论和星系形成的相关物理过程,同时指出当前研究的局限性和可能的发展方向。 相似文献
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系外类地行星是目前搜寻地外生命的主要目标.随着观测仪器的发展,现在已经能探测到低于10个地球质量的系外行星.该文简要回顾了系外类地行星的形成与演化,介绍了当前研究它们内部结构的模型和方法,以及由此得出的类地行星质量-半径关系.同时,对应不同的行星初始物质成分,讨论了各种可能的大气结构.最后介绍了未来的空间任务在相关方面的工作. 相似文献
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A number of extrasolar planets have been detected in close orbits around nearby stars. It is probable that these planets did
not form in these orbits but migrated from their formation locations beyond the ice line. Orbital migration mechanisms involving
angular momentum transfer through tidal interactions between the planets and circumstellar gas-dust disks or by gravitational
interaction with a residual planetesimal disk together with several means of halting inward migration have been identified.
These offer plausible schemes to explain the orbits of observed extrasolar giant planets and giant planets within the Solar
System. Recent advances in numerical integration methods and in the power of computer workstations have allowed these techniques
to be applied to modelling directly the mechanisms and consequences of orbital migration in the Solar System. There is now
potential for these techniques also to be applied to modelling the consequences of the orbital migration of planets in the
observed exoplanetary systems. In particular the detailed investigation of the stability of terrestrial planets in the habitable
zone of these systems and the formation of terrestrial planets after the dissipation of the gas disk is now possible. The
stability of terrestrial planets in the habitable zone of selected exoplanetary systems has been established and the possibility
of the accretion of terrestrial planets in these systems is being investigated by the author in collaboration with Barrie
W. Jones (Open University), and with John Chambers (NASA-Ames) and Mark Bailey of Armagh Observatory, using numerical integration.
The direct simulation of orbital migration by planetesimal scattering must probably await faster hardware and/or more efficient
algorithms.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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本文简要地介绍了目前太阳系外行星系统动力演化的研究现状。我们用数值模拟方法和并从分析的角度研究了GJ 876和HD 82 943。通过分析不同的共面和非共面构型 ,我们发现所有的稳定轨道都和2 :1共振有关 ,此外我们还发现在这两个系统内存在近星点共振—对应了两个行星的近星点经度之差在1 80 0或者 0 0附近秤动。这两种机制对维持行星系统的稳定性起了重要作用。 相似文献
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The European Near Earth Asteroid Research (EURONEAR) is a project which envisions to build a coordinated network which will follow-up and recover potentially hazardous asteroids (PHAs) and near earth asteroids (NEAs). We aim to include in EURONEAR two automated 1 m telescopes located in Chile and Europe, in addition to other non-permanent facilities. Astrometry will be the main aim of the project in order to secure and follow-up newly discovered NEAs, also to recover PHAs at their second or following oppositions, while photometry of bright PHAs will bring information on their physical properties. In this paper, first we review briefly the existent and past NEAs programs. Next, we include the results obtained in 2006 from three observing runs at Pic du Midi using the 1 m telescope, Haute-Provence employing the 1.2 m telescope, and Bucharest using a small 23 cm telescope. These add a total of 153 positions for 16 PHAs and NEAs, which were accepted by Minor Planet Center. Recently, a 1 m telescope was allocated by ESO in La Silla to be automated and used as the Southern dedicated facility by EURONEAR. 相似文献
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Tatyana Bordovitsyna Victor Avdyushev Alexand r Chernitsov 《Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy》2001,80(3-4):227-247
A brief survey of the results obtained by the authors in the development and investigation of the algorithms of numerical simulation of the motion of solar system small bodies is given. New approaches to the construction of the algorithms of high-accuracy numerical simulation of the dynamics of small bodies and the methods of the determination of the domain of their possible motions are presented. 相似文献
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We present a self-consistent numerical algorithm aimed at predicting the outcomes of high-velocity impacts between asteroids (or other small bodies of the solar system), based on a set of model input parameters which can be estimated from the available experimental evidence, and including the possible gravitational reaccumulation of ejected fragments whose velocity is less than a suitably defined escape velocity. All the fragment mass distributions are modelled by truncated power laws, and a possible correlation between fragment ejection velocity and mass is taken into account in different ways, including a probabilistic one. We analyze in particular the effectiveness of the gravitational reaccumulation process in terms of different choices of the collisional parameters and the assumed relationship between fragment speed and mass. Both the transition size beyond which solid targets are likely to reaccumulate a large fraction of the fragment mass and the collision energy needed to disperse most of the fragments are sensitive functions of the assumed fragment velocity versus mass relationship. We also give some examples of how our algorithm can be applied to study the origin and collisional history of small solar system bodies, including the asteroid 951 Gaspra (recently imaged by the Galileo probe) and the asteroid families. 相似文献
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The problem of magnetic field generation under screw motion in a toroidal channel is studied numerically. The screw dynamo in the cylinder with periodical boundary conditions was found to be a suitable approximation for generation of the magnetic field by a screw flow in a thin torus. For the thick torus, a principally new solution of the screw dynamo problem was obtained. In this case the growing global magnetic field mode has the scale of a maximal geometrical size of the torus and does not vanish on the axis of the torus (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim) 相似文献
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When scale separation in space or time is poor, the mean‐field α effect and turbulent diffusivity have to be replaced by integral kernels by which the dependence of the mean electromotive force on the mean magnetic field becomes nonlocal. Earlier work in computing these kernels using the test‐field method is now generalized to the case in which both spatial and temporal scale separations are poor. The approximate form of the kernel for isotropic stationary turbulence is such that it can be treated in a straightforward manner by solving a partial differential equation for the mean electromotive force. The resulting mean‐field equations are solved for oscillatory α –shear dynamos as well as α2 dynamos with α linearly depending on position, which makes this dynamo oscillatory, too. In both cases, the critical values of the dynamo number is lowered due to spatio‐temporal nonlocality.When scale separation in space or time is poor, the mean‐field α effect and turbulent diffusivity have to be replaced by integral kernels by which the dependence of the mean electromotive force on the mean magnetic field becomes nonlocal. Earlier work in computing these kernels using the test‐field method is now generalized to the case in which both spatial and temporal scale separations are poor. The approximate form of the kernel for isotropic stationary turbulence is such that it can be treated in a straightforward manner by solving a partial differential equation for the mean electromotive force. The resulting mean‐field equations are solved for oscillatory α –shear dynamos as well as α2 dynamos 相似文献