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滚动轴承故障特征的时间—小波能量谱提取方法 总被引:14,自引:1,他引:14
振动信号中的周期性冲击现象是诊断滚动轴承各元件故障的重要依据之一,针对滚动轴承故障特征,在小波变换理论基础上提出一种时间—小波能量谱信号处理方法,它能够有效地提取出振动信号中冲击成分的时域和频域特征。利用时间—小波能量谱方法分析正常、外圈故障、内圈故障、滚珠故障等四种状态下滚动轴承的振动信号,并与传统的包络解调分析方法进行对比分析。时间—小波能量谱不仅可以有效提取出冲击特征明显的滚动轴承外圈故障,还能提取出内圈、滚珠等信号特征微弱的滚动轴承故障,而包络解调分析方法只能提取出外圈故障特征而不能提取出滚珠故障、内圈故障特征。结果表明,时间—小波能量普比包络解调分析方法更能有效地提取出振动信号中的冲击信号成分。 相似文献
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基于线调频小波路径追踪阶比循环平稳解调的齿轮故障诊断 总被引:5,自引:1,他引:5
为从变转速齿轮箱振动信号中提取齿轮故障特征,提出基于线调频小波路径追踪的阶比循环平稳解调方法。该方法利用线调频小波路径追踪算法估计振动信号中的转速信号,根据转速信号对信号进行等角度采样,获取角域周期平稳信号,求取角域信号的循环自相关函数,在特征循环阶比处对循环自相关函数进行切片,并对切片进行解调分析得到切片解调谱,依据切片解调谱进行齿轮故障诊断。由于线调频小波路径追踪算法具有精度高和抗噪能力强的优点,而循环平稳解调算法可以有效提取淹没在噪声中的周期性故障特征,因而,该方法结合了二者的优点,适合于变转速齿轮信号的故障特征提取。算法仿真和应用实例表明,该方法能有效地提取变转速齿轮箱振动信号中的齿轮故障特征。 相似文献
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针对滚动轴承故障振动信号的特点,构造余弦调频小波,采用连续小波变换的方法来提取滚动轴承故障振动信号的特征,提出了一种滚动轴承故障诊断方法—小波能量谱比较法。通过对有缺陷的滚动轴承振动信号的分析,检测到轴承故障的存在,且能有效地识别出滚动轴承的故障模式。 相似文献
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基于Morlet小波与最大似然估计方法的降噪技术 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:2
采用与冲击信号匹配的Morlet小波作为小波基对信号进行小波变换,利用冲击信号的概率密度特征,结合最大似然估计的阈值方法进行降噪,以提取周期性的冲击信号。通过对减速箱故障信号进行降噪,提取出周期性的故障特征信号,表明该方法可以有效地去除强噪声干扰,提取振动冲击信号 相似文献
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旋转机械中,轴承作为必不可少重要零部件之一,在发生故障时,振动信号比较复杂,相对其它振动信号太弱,传统谱分析技术对滚动轴承的故障的分析不太理想。提出采用小波变换的方法来处理滚动轴承的故障振动信号,通过三层小波分析并提取了轴承故障信号的特征,然后利用提取的特征作为识别模型的输入,利用建立的BP神经网络对轴承故障信号进行诊断检测。实验结果表明该方法实现了对该轴承故障信号的有效分析。 相似文献
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针对轴向柱塞泵故障振动信号呈现出的非平稳和非线性特点,提出了一种基于小波包能量法与小波脊线法相结合的信号解调方法,将其用于液压泵故障诊断中的信号解调过程。该方法首先对原始振动信号进行功率谱分析,明确故障振动信号反映出的能量集中频带带宽;根据确定的带宽和原始信号分析频率设定小波包分解的层数,采用小波包能量法提取出分解系数对应频带能量最大的特征信息进行信号重构;利用小波脊线法对重构后的频带信号进行解调处理,通过信号的包络解调谱提取故障的特征频率,利用解调后的时频谱对液压泵单柱塞滑靴磨损、斜盘磨损以及中心弹簧故障进行分析。通过实验结果验证,该方法能有效地对液压泵的故障信号进行解调,并能找出反映故障的敏感特征频率。 相似文献
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一种自适应小波消噪方法 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为了消除噪声对被测信号的干扰,有效提取信号中的有用成分,根据信号和噪声小波变换系数的不同特性,在分析了传统阈值方法局限性的基础上,提出了一种自适应小波消噪方法.该方法首先对被测信号进行小波分解,并改进了阈值量化公式,使其具有能量分布自适应的降噪能力;然后,利用类别方差作为判别依据,选取使得类别方差最大和类内方差最小的阈值作为最佳的阈值.并根据每层分解后的小波系数进行自适应的阈值确定;最后,对信号进行重构,通过分解、阈值处理和重构等过程实现小波消噪.仿真信号和轴承故障诊断的实例结果表明该方法可在强噪声背景下消除噪声干扰,有效提取出滚动轴承的早期故障频率. 相似文献
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Adaptive wavelet transform for vibration signal modelling and application in fault diagnosis of water hydraulic motor 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
There has been an increasing application of water hydraulics in industries due to growing concern on the environmental, health and safety issues. The fault diagnosis of water hydraulic motor is important for improving water hydraulic system reliability and performance. In this paper, fault diagnosis of water hydraulic motor in water hydraulic system is investigated based on adaptive wavelet analysis. A novel method for modelling the vibration signal based on the adaptive wavelet transform (AWT) is proposed. The linear combination of wavelets is introduced as wavelet itself and adapted for the particular vibration signal, which goes beyond adapting parameters of a fixed-shape wavelet. The AWT procedure based on the parametric optimisation by genetic algorithm (GA) is developed. The model-based method by AWT is applied to extract the features in the fault diagnosis of the water hydraulic motor. This technique for de-noising the corrupted simulation signal shows that it can improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the vibration signal. The results of the experimental signal demonstrate the characteristic vibration signal details in fine resolution. The magnitude plots of the continuous wavelet transform (CWT) show the characteristic signal's energy in time and frequency domain which can be used as feature values for fault diagnosis of water hydraulic motor. 相似文献
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针对最佳小波参数的设定和齿轮裂纹故障振动信号频率成分复杂、信噪比低等问题,将遗传优化算法、小波脊线解调与局部特征尺度分解(local characteristic-scale decomposition,简称LCD)相结合,提出了基于LCD的自适应小波脊线解调方法。首先,采用LCD方法将原始信号分解为若干个内禀尺度分量(intrinsic scale component,简称ISC),并通过选择蕴含特征信息的ISC来实现信号降噪;然后,以小波能量熵为目标函数,采用遗传算法优化小波参数,得到自适应小波;最后,通过自适应小波分析提取ISC的小波脊线,从而实现对原始信号的解调分析。通过齿轮裂纹故障诊断实例验证了该方法的有效性和优越性。 相似文献
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In order to extract fault features of large-scale power equipment from strong background noise, a hybrid fault diagnosis method based on the second generation wavelet de-noising (SGWD) and the local mean decomposition (LMD) is proposed in this paper. In this method, a de-noising algorithm of second generation wavelet transform (SGWT) using neighboring coefficients was employed as the pretreatment to remove noise in rotating machinery vibration signals by virtue of its good effect in enhancing the signal–noise ratio (SNR). Then, the LMD method is used to decompose the de-noised signals into several product functions (PFs). The PF corresponding to the faulty feature signal is selected according to the correlation coefficients criterion. Finally, the frequency spectrum is analyzed by applying the FFT to the selected PF. The proposed method is applied to analyze the vibration signals collected from an experimental gearbox and a real locomotive rolling bearing. The results demonstrate that the proposed method has better performances such as high SNR and fast convergence speed than the normal LMD method. 相似文献
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针对滚动轴承故障特征信号容易被噪声掩盖难以提取的问题,提出了基于互补集合经验模态分解(CEEMD)的滚动轴承振动信号自适应降噪方法。为了准确判定噪声分量和有用信号分量的分界点,在对振动信号进行CEEMD分解后,设计了依据信噪分量自相关函数的单边波峰宽度特性自适应地判定分界点的方法。为了保证重构信号的完整性,利用改进的小波阈值降噪方法提取低频IMF分量中的高频有效信息。实验分析表明,结合改进阈值函数的CEEMD自适应降噪方法能够有效地去除故障振动信号中夹杂的噪声,并且很好地保留了滚动轴承振动信号的突变细节,达到了不错的降噪效果。 相似文献
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针对齿轮箱故障信号的多分量多频调制特点,提出了一种基于奇异值分解的最优小波解调技术。首先,采用小波变换的最小Shannon熵作为时间尺度分辨率的度量指标,将其应用到Morlet分析小波的参数优化选择中;其次,对常规小波参数选择方法进行了改进,利用奇异值分解技术对最优小波变化尺度进行了迭代搜索。该方法可以很好地降低噪声信号,有效提取信号中的周期成分,具有较好的瞬态信息提取能力。试验结果也表明了该方法在齿轮箱故障特征提取中的重要性以及降噪方法的有效性。 相似文献
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《Measurement》2014
The vibration signal of a gear system is selected as the original information of fault diagnosis and the gear system vibration equipment is established. The vibration acceleration signals of the normal gear, gear with tooth root crack fault, gear with pitch crack fault, gear with tooth wear fault and gear with multi-fault (tooth root crack & tooth wear fault) is collected in four kinds of speed conditions such as 300 rpm, 900 rpm, 1200 rpm and 1500 rpm. Using the method of wavelet threshold de-noising to denoise the original signal and decomposing the denoising signal utilizing the wavelet packet transform, then 16 frequency bands of decomposed signal are got. After restructuring the decomposing signal and obtaining the signal energy in each frequency band, the signal energy of the 16 bands is as the shortlisted fault characteristic data. Based on this, using the methods of principal component analysis (short for PCA) and kernel principal component analysis (short for KPCA) to extract the feature from the fault features of shortlisted 16-dimensional data feature, then the effect of reducing dimension analysis are compared. The fault classifications are displayed through the information that got from the first and the second principal component and kernel principal component, and these demonstrate they have a different and good effect of classification. Meanwhile, the article discusses the effect of feature extraction and classification that caused by the kernel function and the different options of its parameters. These provide a new method for a gear system fault feature extraction and classification. 相似文献