影响曼尼希碱型酸化缓蚀剂性能的因素

采用静态失重法研究了曼尼希碱型酸化缓蚀剂缓蚀性能的影响因素,采用扫描电子显微镜研究和分析了N 80钢片表面的腐蚀情况,还采用能谱法研究了N 80钢片腐蚀后组成的变化情况。结果表明,氯化钠、Fe3+质量浓度增大时腐蚀速率增大,缓蚀剂用量增大时腐蚀速率减小,盐酸含量增加时腐蚀速率增大,接触时间延长时腐蚀速率增大,温度降低时腐蚀速率减小;当缓蚀介质用量为500 mL,盐酸、缓蚀剂质量分数分别为15%,1.0%,90℃下处理4 h,N 80钢片的腐蚀速率为3.9887 g/(m2·h),可满足SY/T 5405—1996对酸化缓蚀剂一级品的质量要求。     

一种盐酸酸化缓蚀剂的合成及性能评价

以腐蚀速率为评价指标,通过单因素合成实验,确定了曼尼希碱缓蚀剂主剂的最佳合成条件:pH=4,环己胺、甲醛、苯乙酮摩尔比1∶2∶1,反应温度90℃,反应时间8 h.将合成的曼尼希碱与2.5％增溶剂脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚、溶剂甲醇复配,得到盐酸酸化缓蚀剂.分别用静态挂片失重法和电化学方法考察其缓蚀性能.结果表明,90℃下,N80钢片在15％工业盐酸介质中的腐蚀速率随缓蚀剂加量的增大而减小;随盐酸质量分数增大而增大;腐蚀速率随温度升高而增大.90℃下,缓蚀剂加量为1.0％时的腐蚀速率为3.635g/(m2·h),满足酸化缓蚀剂一级品≤4g/(m2·h)的要求.该缓蚀剂是以抑制阴极为主的混合型缓蚀剂,作用机理主要为几何覆盖效应.图6表4参6     

双曼尼希碱型缓蚀剂的合成及性能评价

采用苯乙酮、甲醛与芳香胺等原料合成出双曼尼希碱并以此作为主剂,通过添加丙炔醇进行复配,制备出一种具有协同效应的双曼尼希碱型缓蚀剂,缓蚀剂的质量配比为:双曼尼希碱∶丙炔醇=1∶0.4。采用静态挂片法评价该剂在不同条件下的缓蚀性能。试验结果表明,在常压、90℃及腐蚀时间为4 h条件下,质量分数为15%的盐酸对N80钢片的腐蚀速率随着缓蚀剂用量的增加呈减小的趋势;当缓蚀剂质量分数超过1.5%以后,腐蚀速率减小的趋势减慢;质量分数为15%的盐酸对N80钢片的腐蚀速率随着腐蚀温度的升高逐渐增大,当温度达到90℃时,腐蚀速率仅为1.652 3 g/(m~2·h),在盐酸、氢氟酸及土酸介质中对N80钢片腐蚀速率均可满足3~4 g/(m~2·h)的缓蚀剂评价一级指标,可用于现场不同酸化环境中的腐蚀防护。     

一种高温盐酸酸化缓蚀体系的研究与评价

介绍了一种曼尼希碱——— 9#缓蚀剂合成方法 ,并评价了它的缓蚀性能。评价结果表明 :在 90℃、常压下 ,1%的 9#缓蚀剂可使N80钢片的腐蚀速率在 2 0 %盐酸中由 2 0 0 1.3g/ (m2 ·h)降至 10 9.6g/ (m2 ·h) ,说明它具有一定的缓蚀效果。在此基础上 ,选择炔醇、碘化物、六次甲基四胺等几种化学剂与9#缓蚀剂进行复配 ,复合缓蚀剂体系在 90℃、12 0℃下的腐蚀速率均达到了一级标准 ,16 0℃的腐蚀速率达到了二级标准。同时 ,复合缓蚀体系在酸液中的溶解性良好 ,与N80钢片反应前后无沉淀生成 ,且与其他添加剂的配伍性良好。     

含3-二甲基氨基苯丙酮Mannich碱缓蚀剂合成与评价

介绍了以苯乙酮、甲醛、二甲胺为主要原料,按mol配比0.13:0.10:0.13合成了Mannich碱缓蚀剂主剂-3-二甲基氨基苯丙酮。温度60℃时,1.0%加量的Mannich碱单独作用,腐蚀速率为0.884 g/(m2·h),而此用量下的长庆缓蚀剂、ZF缓蚀剂腐蚀速率分别为1.380,1.491 g/(m2·h)。在总用量1%的情况下,Mannich碱0.7%、甲醛0.2%、OP-10 0.1%,复配效果最好,此时腐蚀速率为0.654 g/(m2·h)。各组分对复配性能的影响:Mannich碱﹥甲醛﹥OP-10。文中对其缓蚀机理进行了探讨。     

抗180℃高温低腐蚀酸液体系构建及应用

针对高温深井酸化施工井下温度高、井下管柱和工具腐蚀严重的恶劣工况,笔者通过分子结构设计和合成,研发了抗180℃高温的新型高温缓蚀剂,并在此基础上优选其他助剂构建了2套抗180℃高温低腐蚀酸液体系。实验结果表明:①该缓蚀剂在180℃下,N80钢片在常规酸腐蚀速度为70 g/m2·h,具有良好的缓蚀性能;②体系无沉淀,不分层,具有良好的配伍性能和较高的抗滤失性;③在180℃下,N80钢片在0.4%和0.8%胶凝酸体系的平均腐蚀速率分别为87.3g/m2·h、95.8 g/m2·h。现场应用表明,抗180℃高温低腐蚀酸液体系满足高温深井酸压施工井下管柱和工具安全要求,施工结束后出井油管内壁光滑,酸压前后酸液性能表现良好,井下安全正常。      

抗180℃高温低腐蚀酸液体系构建及应用

针对高温深井酸化施工井下温度高、井下管柱和工具腐蚀严重的恶劣工况,笔者通过分子结构设计和合成,研发了抗180℃高温的新型高温缓蚀剂,并在此基础上优选其他助剂构建了2套抗180℃高温低腐蚀酸液体系。实验结果表明：①该缓蚀剂在180℃下,N80钢片在常规酸腐蚀速度为70 g/m2·h,具有良好的缓蚀性能;②体系无沉淀,不分层,具有良好的配伍性能和较高的抗滤失性;③在180℃下,N80钢片在0.4%和0.8%胶凝酸体系的平均腐蚀速率分别为87.3g/m2·h、95.8 g/m2·h。现场应用表明,抗180℃高温低腐蚀酸液体系满足高温深井酸压施工井下管柱和工具安全要求,施工结束后出井油管内壁光滑,酸压前后酸液性能表现良好,井下安全正常。     

新型苄叉丙酮曼尼希碱缓蚀剂的合成及其缓蚀性能研究

以苄叉丙酮、苯甲醛、氨基硫脲为原料合成曼尼希碱缓蚀剂,采用静态失重法、极化曲线法、电化学阻抗谱法(EIS)等方法研究了其在盐酸介质中对N80钢的缓蚀行为.结果表明:在60℃、10％HCl溶液中加入1％ 缓蚀剂,N80钢的腐蚀速率为0.7471 g/(m2·h);极化曲线表明该缓蚀剂为混合型缓蚀剂;缓蚀剂在钢表面的吸附遵...     

新型双曼尼希碱缓蚀剂的合成及性能评价

以硫脲、苯甲醛、苯乙酮为原料,采用两步反应合成出一种双曼尼希碱。以静态腐蚀速率为评价指标,用正交试验法对主剂的第二步合成工艺条件进行优化,最佳合成工艺条件为:n(中间体):n(苯甲醛):n(苯乙酮)=1:1:1,反应温度110℃,反应时间4 h。实验表明:这种双曼尼希碱是以抑制阴极腐蚀过程为主的混合型缓蚀剂,在N80钢表面的吸附行为符合Langmuir吸附等温式,吸附为吸热、自发、熵增的过程。在15%HCl中加入1%该缓蚀剂,在60℃N80钢片的腐蚀速率降至0.986 g/(m~2·h),远优于一级缓蚀剂标准。     

一种耐200℃高温缓蚀剂

为解决200℃高温酸化用工作液对井下管柱腐蚀风险问题,运用高分子合成方法形成了一种以曼尼希碱季铵盐为主剂,炔醇衍生物、无机盐为增效剂,醇溶剂、分散剂为辅剂的新型复合酸化用缓蚀剂。引入炔醇衍生物替代丙炔醇,毒性降为低毒,且缓蚀剂溶解分散性好。运用高温高压动态腐蚀评价方法开展室内评价,缓蚀剂加量为5.5%,15% HCl在200℃下腐蚀速率低于60 g/（m2·h）,20% HCl的腐蚀速率低于70 g/（m2·h）;缓蚀剂与15%盐酸在200℃下配伍性良好,酸液体系腐蚀速率仍低于70 g/（m2·h）,电化学腐蚀结果表明加入缓蚀剂的酸液电流密度低至6.07×10-6 A/cm2。缓蚀剂的缓蚀速率随主剂、增效剂加量的增加而降低,随酸浓度、稠化剂加量的增加而增大;缓蚀剂的电化学评价结果表明加入复合缓蚀剂酸液电流密度低,具有较好的缓蚀效果,加量达到一定程度后增加用量不能进一步提升缓蚀效果。      

阿姆河右岸酸性气田井口冲蚀及对策

中亚土库曼斯坦阿姆河右岸气田群为高含H_2S和CO_2的碳酸盐岩气藏,单井产量高,井口设备均出现了不同程度的腐蚀。初步分析认为其原因是生产过程中仅考虑酸性介质对气井井口的化学腐蚀,而没有考虑气体流速对井口的冲蚀作用,极大地影响了气田的安全生产。为此,通过对节流阀上下游阀道、法兰面均出现明显坑状腐蚀的进一步分析,明确了化学腐蚀和气体冲蚀的交互作用是井口磨损的主要影响因素,气流冲刷腐蚀坑的化学腐蚀产物会加速冲蚀损害;进而借鉴冲蚀与腐蚀运行环境下的多相管流管道的磨损计算理论,计算了该运行环境下的冲蚀极限速度,得到了不同生产工况下节流阀的抗冲蚀流量;最后,根据气田生产情况,针对性地提出了按气井配产要求来选择采气树类型、节流阀通径及类型冲蚀的技术控制策略。此举为气田安全生产提供了工程技术保障。     

山前地区深井超深井套管防磨与减磨技术研究

针对山前地区深井超深井钻井过程中套管磨损严重的问题,在分析套管磨损机理的基础上,开展了山前地区套管防磨与减磨技术研究,基于技术研究成果及应用实践,得到如下结论:1应用Power V等垂直钻井系统控制井眼轨迹,特别是上部井段的狗腿度和井斜,可明显减小侧向力和磨损量,缩短套管磨损时间;2应综合考虑套管磨损率、磨损系数以及钻杆耐磨带本身的磨损量,优选出效果最优的耐磨带;在狗腿度严重的位置,可考虑采用一定数量的橡胶钻杆卡箍来减轻对套管的磨损;3山前地区钻井液采用CX-300减磨剂能够显著降低磨损速率,减轻套管磨损程度,但在不同钻井液体系使用之前应进行优化分析以确定最佳使用量;4在迪那204井使用高密度钻井液体系,全部采用优选的高密度重晶石粉代替铁矿粉作为加重剂,整个钻进过程中未出现钻具及套管磨损,迪那204井易损件消耗量仅为邻井迪那203井的左右,防磨减磨效果非常显著。     

Biodiesel Projects Helpful to Ease Energy Shortage

Nearly 7,000 hectares of biodiesel forest will take shape in the northern province of Hebei in 2008, part of a national campaign to fuel the fast growing economy in a green way. In no more than five years, the Pistacia chinensis Bunge, whose seeds have an oil content of up to 40 percent, will yield five tons of fruit and contribute about two tons of high-quality biological diesel oil, according to the provincial forestry administration.     

State Energy Base Proposed in Inner Mongolia

Experts recently suggested China set up a state energy base in lnner Mongolia Autonomous Region to ease its energy thirst. The survey was co-conducted by senior researchers from the National Development and Reform Commission, Development Research Center of the State Council, Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Ministry of Finance. To plan and establish strategic energy bases at state level is in line with the principle of ＂giving priority to energy saving and diversifying energy consumption with the utility of coal at the core.＂     

Influence of Shale Oil Boom in North America upon nternational Crude Price Flucturation

正Current stituation of shale oil development in the world The US The country is blessed with abundant shale oil resources and had matersed whole sets of theories and technologies needed for their exploration and development after years of practices.According to an assessment of shale oil resources in major countries and regions of the world issued by the U.S.Energy Information Agency(EIA),the US ranks the second in the world with its 6.8 billion tons of technically recoverable shale oil(shale oil in place is about 136.3 tons).About 8plays had been confirmed to have     

A Sintering-resistant Pd/C Composite Catalyst for Ethylbenzene DehydrogenationDeveloped by CAS Institute of Metals

Carbon deposition is a commonplace phenomenon occurringin the catalytic reaction process, in particular inthe system of direct dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene,because the reactant - ethylbenzene molecules on thesurface of metal oxide catalysts are prone to quickly formcarbon deposits, leading to deactivation of catalysts. Recently,the associate research fellow Mr. Liu Hongyangand the research fellow Mr. Su Dangsheng of the StateShenyang Material Science （United ） Laboratory of theInstitute of Metal Research, CAS by taking advantageof the carbon deposition process during direct dehydrogenationof ethylbenzene have ingeniously designeda Pd/C composite catalyst. This catalyst in comparisonwith the traditional commercial carbon nanotubesupported Pd catalyst shows a significantly improved performancein terms of its catalytic activity and sinteringresistantability.     

ZPEB Overseas Markets Keep Steady and Efficient Development

In recent years, Zhongyuan Petroleum Exploration Bureau （ZPEB） has made rapid development in overseas petroleum markets through its integrated reorganization. A new international business plattbrm established, aimed at becoming a highly ranked contractor with international petroleum engineering technology. ZPEB has expanded its business scope and scale, regulated the market structure,     

New Era for China-Brazil Relations

China and Brazil celebrated the 40th anniversary of establishing diplomatic relations between the two countries in July this year. Bilateral relations between China and Brazil have entered a new stage, and experts expect the already extensive cooperation between the two countries to deepen and broaden as Chinese President Xi Jinping made a state visit to Brazil in mid-July, which is his first state visit to Brazil since he assumed the office last year. The visit to China＇s largest trade partner in Latin America is at the invitation of Brazilian President Dilma Rousseff.     

Large Scale Ethylene Production Package Technology SuccessfullyDeveloped by CNPC

The CNPC Group has successfully developed a largescaleethylene production package technology with independentintellectual property rights, which has beensuccessfully applied in the 1.2 Mt/a ethylene revamp andexpansion project at the Daqing Petrochemical Complex（DPC）.     

Recent Advancements in Petroleum E & P Equipments in China

The role of equipments in oil and gas exploration and development had never been attached with so much importance as that in shale oil and gas boom in the U.S. With the help of massive hydraulic fracturing and horizontal drilling techniques, the U.S., the world＇s No. 1 oil importer even started to dream about energy self-sufficiency with its proudly high production of shale oil and gas from several major shale plays in the country. However, what behind this remarkable achievement are powerful multi-stage hydraulic fracturing machinery and smart tools for directional drilling.