钛盐水解制备纳米TiO_2粉末的研究

以Ti(SO4)2水溶液为前驱体,NH3·H2O为沉淀剂,十二烷基苯磺酸钠(DBS)为表面活性剂,采用常温水解沉淀法制备出了纳米TiO2粉体.用XRD测试粉体的晶相组成;用TEM分析粉末的晶体形貌.研究了溶液的pH值、表面活性剂、煅烧温度等对纳米TiO2颗粒尺寸的影响.结果表明:当溶液pH值为2.0～4.0,分散剂质量分数为1.5%时,水解得到的TiO2晶粒尺寸在10～20nm之间.研究烧结过程中晶粒的变化时发现:在煅烧过程中由于DBS的包覆有效地抑制了晶粒的长大.     

钛盐水解制备纳米TiO2粉末的研究

以Ti(SO4)2水溶液为前驱体,NH3*H2O为沉淀剂,十二烷基苯磺酸钠(DBS)为表面活性剂,采用常温水解沉淀法制备出了纳米TiO2粉体.用XRD测试粉体的晶相组成;用TEM分析粉末的晶体形貌.研究了溶液的pH值、表面活性剂、煅烧温度等对纳米TiO2颗粒尺寸的影响.结果表明当溶液pH值为2.0～4.0,分散剂质量分数为1.5%时,水解得到的TiO2晶粒尺寸在10～20 nm之间.研究烧结过程中晶粒的变化时发现在煅烧过程中由于DBS的包覆有效地抑制了晶粒的长大.     

不同表面活性剂对电沉积半金属Bi膜的影响

采用电沉积方法在氧化铟锡玻璃(ITO)基板上制备出Bi薄膜,研究了阳离子表面活性剂十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)、阴离子表面活性剂十二烷基磺酸钠(SDS)以及非离子表面活性剂(Brij56)对Bi3+的循环伏安行为、Bi膜的结构以及表面形态等的影响.通过X射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对Bi膜的表面结构形态进行了表征.结果表明,Brij56对Bi纳米颗粒的形态影响较小,以CTAB和SDS为添加剂可分别获得片状和树枝状结构的Bi纳米颗粒.     

含碳纳米管悬浮液的稳定性

在水中加入碳纳米管制备了含碳纳米管悬浮液(纳米流体),研究了几种典型类型的表面活性剂:十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)、十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(HTAB)及乳化剂OP对纳米流体稳定性的影响,通过静置和离心分离等手段研究了其稳定性,并采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)对样品的形貌进行了表征.结果显示,未加表面活性剂时碳纳米管不能均匀地分散到水中,而添加了表面活性剂的纳米流体的稳定性大幅度提高,能够稳定存在数月,而且表面活性剂质量浓度存在一个最佳值,此时纳米流体的稳定性最好.在3种表面活性剂中非离子型表面活性剂乳化剂OP作为分散剂时碳管纳米流体的稳定性最好.     

影响纳米TiO2粒径的工艺因素

采用均一沉淀法制备纳米TiO2.分析了影响晶粒径的工艺因素.研究表明通过改变反应物离子浓度、改变表面活性剂DBS和抑制剂H2SO4的加入量以及严格控制工艺参数.如反应时间、洗涤干燥方式和煅烧温度,可以获得颗粒均匀、分散性好的纳米TiO2.     

一步法合成纳米CeO2溶胶及其分散稳定机理

针对胶溶法制备纳半分散体时条件严格、过程繁琐的问题,以硝酸过量的Ce(NO3)3溶液和氨水为反应物,在低pH值条件下,通过一步法合成了在水介质和乙酸乙酯介质中稳定分散的亮黄色透明的纳米CeO2胶体分散体;讨论了表面活性剂(DBS)用量与萃取率的关系,得出了用乙酸乙酯萃取时Ce(NO3)3溶液与DBS用量的最佳比.电镜照片观察到,CeO2纳米粒子在水介质和乙酸乙酯介质中均呈球形,粒径分布均匀,平均粒径约为3～5nm.初步研究探讨了在两种介质中稳定分散的机理.     

ZnO纳米结构的控制生长及其光电化学性能研究

本文采用简单的低温油浴反应法制备了六方柱状短棒、六方柱状长棒和片层状自组装ZnO花状纳米结构.通过对反应温度、表面活性剂聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)用量等实验条件的控制,合成了形态可控的ZnO花状纳米结构.用X射线粉末衍射仪(XRD)和扫描电子显微镜对ZnO纳米结构的成分、尺寸和形态进行了表征分析.实验研究表明,表面活性剂PVP的用量和反应温度对ZnO纳米结构的形态产生显著影响,探讨了PVP的作用及ZnO纳米结构的生长机制.光电化学性能研究表明,ZnO纳米结构的形态对其光电化学性能具有显著影响.基于实验和分析,我们对不同形态ZnO花状纳米结构的光电化学性能作了合理的解释.本文所制备的ZnO纳米结构在光解水制氢及环境污染水净化处理等清洁能源和环境治理领域具有潜在的应用前景.     

化学沉积法制备具有表面增强红外效应的铜纳米粒子

利用化学沉积法在锗基底上制备金属铜纳米粒子,探讨了表面活性剂的种类、浓度、沉积时间等因素对铜纳米粒子形貌的影响.以二巯基丁二酸为探针分子,用红外衰减全反射方法(ATR)和红外透射法(TR)考察了所制备的活性基底的红外表面增强效果.用SEM对制备的基底进行了表征.结果显示:(1)1×10-3mol/L的硫酸铜溶液中加入1 mL三乙醇胺表面活性剂,沉积时间为8 h所制备的活性基底在ATR测量时红外增强效果最好,但在红外TR测量时则没有增强信号,其粒径在100 nm左右.(2)1×10-3mol/L的硫酸铜溶液中加入1 mL聚乙二醇400表面活性剂,沉积时间为8 h所制备的活性基底在TR测量时红外增强信号远远大于用ATR测量时的增强信号,其粒径在500 nm左右.该材料在生物样品的检测方面有一定的应用价值.同时考察了所制备的铜纳米粒子的稳定性,结果表明该基底材料具有较好的稳定性.     

无模板电化学沉积生成附着一维针尖或二维薄膜结构的ZnO纳米柱阵列

采用无模板电化学沉积,以n型(100)硅片为衬底,生成ZnO纳米柱阵列,并在不同条件下进行二次生长,分别在纳米柱表面生成一维针尖与二维薄膜结构.通过场发射扫描电镜图片(FESEM)和x光散射谱(XRD)研究了二次生长机理.结果表明,电流密度高低控制Zn0二次生长形貌:大沉积电流在纳米柱表面生成沿c轴取向针尖;小电流则容易形成沿a轴取向薄膜结构.     

基于离子液体功能化碳纳米管负载金-铂纳米粒子的过氧化氢传感器

采用电化学沉积法将金-铂纳米粒子(Au-PtNPs)负载到离子液体功能化的碳纳米管(MWCNTs-IL)表面,构建了一种新型的过氧化氢(H2O2)传感器,采用循环伏安法(CV)、电化学阻抗法(EIS)对修饰电极进行表征.结果表明,电极表面双金属纳米粒子的存在极大地提高了电极的电化学性能,在最优实验条件下,过氧化氢的浓度与电流在1.0×10-9~1.2×10-7 mol·L-1范围内呈现良好的线性关系,检出限为4×10-10 mol·L-1.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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