CdS/CdTe太阳电池的背接触

磷硝酸腐蚀是一种适宜于工业化生产的背表面刻蚀工艺.文中采用磷硝酸腐蚀CdTe薄膜,并用溴甲醇腐蚀作为对照实验,研究了两种腐蚀对材料性质的影响.随后用真空蒸发法分别沉积了四种背接触层,提出了适宜于工业化生产的背接触技术,并从实验和理论上对两种背接触结构的CdTe太阳电池进行了分析.     

CdS/CdTe太阳电池的背接触

磷硝酸腐蚀是一种适宜于工业化生产的背表面刻蚀工艺.文中采用磷硝酸腐蚀CdTe薄膜,并用溴甲醇腐蚀作为对照实验,研究了两种腐蚀对材料性质的影响.随后用真空蒸发法分别沉积了四种背接触层,提出了适宜于工业化生产的背接触技术,并从实验和理论上对两种背接触结构的CdTe太阳电池进行了分析.     

MOCVD制备的ZnO薄膜及其在太阳电池背电极应用

研究了利用LP-MOCVD技术制备的不同B掺杂浓度对ZnO薄膜的微观结构和光电特性影响.对XRD和SEM的研究结果表明,B掺杂对ZnO薄膜的微观结构有重大影响.通过优化工艺,当B2H6流量为17sccm(约1%掺杂浓度)时,在20cm×20cm大面积衬底上生长出厚度为700nm,方块电阻为38Ω/□,透过率大于85%,迁移率为17.8cm2/(V·s)的绒面结构ZnO薄膜.其应用于太阳电池背反射电池后,可使电池短路电流提高将近3mA,使20cm×20cm面积的a-Si集成电池效率高达9.09%.     

MOCVD制备的ZnO薄膜及其在太阳电池背电极应用

研究了利用LP-MOCVD技术制备的不同B掺杂浓度对ZnO薄膜的微观结构和光电特性影响.对XRD和SEM的研究结果表明,B掺杂对ZnO薄膜的微观结构有重大影响.通过优化工艺,当B2H6流量为17sccm(约1%掺杂浓度)时,在20cm×20cm大面积衬底上生长出厚度为700nm,方块电阻为38Ω/□,透过率大于85%,迁移率为17.8cm2/(V·s)的绒面结构ZnO薄膜.其应用于太阳电池背反射电池后,可使电池短路电流提高将近3mA,使20cm×20cm面积的a-Si集成电池效率高达9.09%.     

利用碳糊成膜法改进CdTe太阳电池背处理工艺

提出一种新型的制备Cd％太阳电池背接触方法。利用碳糊成膜法,将含Cu、Te的CdCl2浆状悬浊液涂覆在CdTe表面,只进行一次后退火,X射线衍射（XRD）、二次质子谱（SIMS）测试发现,就能同时达到CdCl2后处理的作用、形成CuxTe的缓冲层和降低背接触势垒的目的。实验结果表明。本文方法将传统的CdCl2后处理和形...     

背接触太阳电池发射区设计及可靠性研究

利用Silvaco-TCAD仿真软件全面系统地分析了不同发射区表面浓度和结深对n型插指背接触(IBC)太阳电池短路电流、开路电压、填充因子及转换效率的影响.借鉴双极半导体器件抗二次击穿技术,详细分析了不同发射区结深、发射区边缘刻蚀技术和发射区边缘选择性掺杂技术对IBC电池热击穿特性的影响.结果表明:发射区表面浓度越大、结深越深,IBC电池效率越高.当发射区表面浓度为5× 1020 cm-3、结深为1 μm时,转换效率高达23.35％.同时,深结发射区也有助于改善IBC电池的热击穿特性.发射区边缘刻蚀结构不具有改善IBC电池热击穿特性的作用,而发射区边缘选择性掺杂结构可有效改善IBC电池的热击穿特性,从而提高IBC太阳电池组件的可靠性.     

碲化锌插入层对碲化镉太阳电池性能参数影响的分析

分析了有ZnTe/ZnTe∶Cu插入层的CdTe太阳电池在能带结构上的变化.通过对比有无插入层的CdTe太阳电池在C-V特性、I-V特性、光谱响应上的不同,肯定了插入层对改善背接触特性的作用,发现它还可以改善器件前结CdS/CdTe的二极管特性和短波光谱响应.实验结果还表明,不掺杂的ZnTe对提高器件的效率是必要的.恰当的不掺杂层厚度和退火温度能有效地改进CdTe太阳电池的性能,而对填充因子的提高最为显著.     

碲化锌插入层对碲化镉太阳电池性能参数影响的分析

分析了有Zn Te/ Zn Te∶Cu插入层的Cd Te太阳电池在能带结构上的变化.通过对比有无插入层的Cd Te太阳电池在C- V特性、I- V特性、光谱响应上的不同,肯定了插入层对改善背接触特性的作用,发现它还可以改善器件前结Cd S/ Cd Te的二极管特性和短波光谱响应.实验结果还表明,不掺杂的Zn Te对提高器件的效率是必要的.恰当的不掺杂层厚度和退火温度能有效地改进Cd Te太阳电池的性能,而对填充因子的提高最为显著     

局部背接触结构单晶Si太阳电池的研究

报道了采用局部背接触结构的激光刻槽埋栅太阳电池的研究结果.模拟分析了局部背接触结构的作用,设计了合理的电池结构.通过工艺优化,得到了转换效率达到17.28%(大气质量AM=1.5 G,VOC=650.4mV,JSC=33.15 mA/cm2,FF=0.8014,电池面积为4 cm2)的太阳电池.     

微晶硅薄膜太阳电池中孵化层研究

对甚高频等离子体增强化学气相沉积技术制备的微晶硅薄膜太阳电池进行了研究.喇曼测试结果显示:微晶硅薄膜太阳电池在p/i界面存在着一定的非晶孵化层.孵化层的厚度随硅烷浓度的增加或辉光功率的降低而增大.可以通过适当的硅烷浓度或适当的辉光功率来降低孵化层的厚度.     

等离子体刻蚀对CdTe太阳电池性能的影响

采用不同干法腐蚀条件下的CdTe薄膜制成器件, 通过I-V、C-V和光谱响应等测试 了电池性能参数。结果表明,溅 射时间太短和功率太小时不能完全去除氧化层,溅射时间过长和功率过高会对薄膜表面造成 损伤, 影响器件性能。 通 过选择器件性能较好的电池、 找出适合等离子束溅 射工艺的条件,所制成的电池转化效率 达 到10.99%;而湿法腐蚀所 制成器件的转化效率为 10.26%。由此可以认为,等离子束轰击溅射的 腐蚀方法较湿法腐蚀更适用于CdTe太阳电池的制备。     

Deposition and doping of CdS/CdTe thin film solar cells

1% oxygen is incorporated into both CdS and CdTe layers through RF sputtering of CdS/CdTe thin film solar cells. The optical and electrical parameters of the oxygenated and O₂-free devices are compared after CdCl₂ treatment and annealing in ambient Ar and/or air. The effects of ambient annealing on the electrical and optical properties of the films are investigated using current-voltage characterization, field emission scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and optical transmission spectroscopy. The 1% oxygen content can slightly increase the grain size while the crystallinity does not change. Annealing in ambient Ar can increase the transmission rate of the oxygenated devices.     

CdTe/CdS thin film solar cells grown in substrate configuration

The ability to grow efficient CdTe/CdS solar cells in substrate configuration would not only allow for the use of non‐transparent and flexible substrates but also enable a better control of junction formation. Yet, the problems of barrier formation at the back contact as well as the formation of a p–n junction with reduced recombination losses have to be solved. In this work, CdTe/CdS solar cells in substrate configuration were developed, and the results on different combinations of back contact materials are presented. The Cu content in the electrical back contact was found to be a crucial parameter for the optimal CdCl₂‐treatment procedure. For Cu‐free cells, two activation treatments were applied, whereas Cu‐containing cells were only treated once after the CdTe deposition. A recrystallization behavior of the CdTe layer upon its activation similar to superstrate configuration was found; however, no CdTe–CdS intermixing could be observed when the layers were treated consecutively. Remarkably high V_OC and fill factor of 768 mV and 68.6%, respectively, were achieved using a combination of MoO₃, Te, and Cu as back contact buffer layer resulting in 11.3% conversion efficiency. With a Cu‐free MoO₃/Te buffer material, a V_OC of 733 mV, a fill factor of 62.3%, and an efficiency of 10.0% were obtained. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

CdS/CdTe thin‐film solar cells with Cu‐free transition metal oxide/Au back contacts

Superstrate CdS/CdTe thin‐film solar cells with Cu‐free transition metal oxide (TMO)/Au and Au‐only back contacts have been fabricated. The TMOs include MoO_3‐x, V₂O_5‐x, and WO_3‐x. The incorporation of the TMO buffer layers at the back contacts resulted in significant improvement on open‐circuit voltage (V_OC) as compared with the cells with Cu‐free Au‐only back contacts. Among the cells using TMO buffer layers, the ones with MoO_3‐x buffer layers exhibited the best performance, yielding an efficiency of 14.1% under AM1.5 illumination with V_OC of 815 mV and a fill factor of 67.9%. Though the performance is slightly behind the best reference cell with a Cu/Au back contact fabricated in our lab with V_OC of 844 mV, fill factor of 76.3%, and efficiency of 15.7%, the use of Cu‐free back contacts may lead to improved long‐term cell stability. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Synthesis and characterization of novel oxygenated CdSe window layer for CdTe thin film solar cells

Significant increases in the solar conversion performance of thin film CdS/CdTe solar cells have been realized in recent years by the inclusion of wider gap materials, notably CdS:O, in place of the CdS window layer. Similarly, use of CdSe in combination with CdTe has given yet further increases in current density due to the formation of CdTe_1-xSe_x and the resulting enhanced long wavelength collection. Here we report the synthesis and properties of oxygenated CdSe films and their influence on device performance when included into CdTe solar cells. The CdSe:O films were made by pulsed laser deposition in oxygen at pressures of 0.01 and 0.03 Pa. Optical transmission measurements indicated that oxygenation acts to increase transparency in the 400–750 nm range, and that increased oxygen content acts to increase the apparent absorption threshold slightly. The higher transmission acts to increase the spectral response of CdTe solar cells in the range 350–500 nm compared to CdSe- and CdS-containing control devices. Moreover, the already known advantage of enhanced long wavelength response (850–910 nm) over that of CdS/CdTe is retained for both CdSe and CdSe:O window layers. Hence the use of CdSe:O as a window layer is demonstrated to increase the current harvesting of these solar cells by increasing both their long and short wavelength performances. These gains in the short circuit current outweigh small losses in fill factor and open circuit voltage making CdSe:O a valuable possible means to increase the performance of CdTe solar cells.     

Effect of a Mo back contact on Na diffusion in CIGS thin film solar cells

We investigated the effects of the microstructures of molybdenum (Mo) back contacts on sodium (Na) diffusion from sodalime glass into a Cu(In,Ga)Se₂ (CIGS) absorber as a function of the sputter deposition pressure during preparation of the Mo contact layer. The surface characteristics of the Mo layers more significantly affected the diffusion of Na ions into the CIGS compared with the Mo bulk. The Na ion diffusion depended strongly on the amount of oxygen adsorbed onto the Mo layer surfaces. Secondary ion mass spectroscopy results showed that Na accumulated in a layer (Na–O compound) on the Mo surface (the CIGS/Mo interface), and this layer served as a primary source of Na ions diffusing into the CIGS. A trilayered Mo back contact structure was prepared in an effort to decouple the functions of electrical conductance and Na diffusion. The ability of this surface to control the Na concentration in a CIGS absorber is discussed. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

薄膜太阳能电池的研究进展

薄膜太阳能电池是缓解能源危机的新型光伏器件。评述了薄膜太阳能电池的优缺点,主要介绍了薄膜硅太阳能电池、多元化合物薄膜太阳能电池和有机薄膜太阳能电池的研究现状,总结了它们各自在价格成本、光电转换效率及对环境影响等方面的特点,并对其发展趋势进行了展望。     

Stable CdTe thin film solar cells with a MoOx back‐contact buffer layer

MoO_x thin films were employed as a buffer layer in the back contact of CdTe solar cells. A monograined CdS layer was employed as the window layer to reduce light absorption. The insertion of a MoO_x buffer layer in the back contact greatly reduced the Schottky barrier leading to increased fill factor and open‐circuit voltage. A CdTe solar cell, with an efficiency as high as 14.2%, was fabricated. The use of a MoO_x buffer layer made it possible to fabricate high‐efficient CdTe solar cell with much less Cu in the back contact, thus greatly enhancing the cell stability. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Influence of Cu_xS back contact on CdTe thin film solar cells

We present a detailed study on CuxS polycrystalline thin films prepared by chemical bath method and utilized as back contact material for CdTe solar cells.The characteristics of the films deposited on Si-substrate are studied by XRD.The results show that as-deposited CuxS thin film is in an amorphous phase while after annealing,samples are in polycrystalline phases with increasing temperature.The thickness of CuxS thin films has great impact on the performance of CdS/CdTe solar cells.When the thickness of the film is about 75 nm the performance of CdS/CdTe thin film solar cells is found to be the best.The energy conversion efficiency can be higher than 12.19%,the filling factor is higher than 68.82% and the open-circuit voltage is more than 820 mV.