铜镍合金在我国实海海域的局部腐蚀

研究了B10、B30铜镍合金板材和管材在我国青岛、舟山、厦门和榆林4个海水腐蚀实验站分别暴露1、2、4、8、16 a的局部腐蚀规律.结果表明:全浸区榆林海域、舟山海域和青岛海域均有一定程度的局部腐蚀,其中榆林海域因温度高和海生物附着的共同作用导致铜镍合金的局部腐蚀最严重;而厦门海域对铜镍合金的局部腐蚀有一定的减缓作用,使铜镍合金板材没有局部腐蚀发生;各海域对铜镍合金的腐蚀作用基本均以沿晶腐蚀为主,但程度不同;暴露16 a,在厦门海域B30合金的Ni、Mn和Fe含量比青岛海域和榆林海域B30合金的Ni、Mn和Fe含量高;提高B30合金的耐蚀性,是厦门海域的铜镍合金板材基本不发生局部腐蚀的内在原因.     

合金成分对Cu-Ni合金薄带再结晶织构形成的影响

采用冷坩埚悬浮熔炼技术冶炼了Cu-18%Ni、Cu-32%Ni、Cu-52%Ni和Cu-72%Ni(原子分数)4种合金铸锭,铸锭经锻造、热轧、冷轧和再结晶退火,最终获得了厚度为80μm的薄带。采用背散射电子衍射(EBSD)技术表征了合金再结晶织构,利用高分辨透射电镜(HRTEM)分析了显微组织结构。结果表明,4种Cu-Ni合金冷轧后的形变织构相似,但随着合金薄带中Ni含量增加,再结晶退火后立方织构的份额减少,晶粒取向变得散乱,晶粒尺寸明显变大;合金成分处于52%~72%Ni范围时,形变合金在回复阶段的调幅分解是引起再结晶织构散乱的主要原因,Cu-Ni合金的单相固溶体是形变-再结晶后获得立方织构的关键因素。     

AZ31B镁合金表面激光熔覆Cu-Ni合金层

针对镁合金表面耐磨性和耐蚀性差的问题,利用横流CO2激光器在AZ31B镁合金表面激光熔覆Cu-Ni合金层,并利用光学显微镜(OM)、扫描电镜(SEM)和能谱分析仪(EDS)分析熔覆层与基体的结合界面特征以及显微组织和成分分布情况,测试合金层的显微硬度和耐蚀性。结果表明:合金层与基体结合良好,缺陷较少,但局部存在不均匀的Cu-Ni富集区,且在其边缘区域的枝晶间均匀分布着1~1.5μm的十字状Laves相;合金层的硬度分布比较均匀,约为75HV0.05,明显高于基体的显微硬度45HV0.05;Cu-Ni合金层比AZ31B镁合金基体的腐蚀电位正移317mV,腐蚀电流降低78mA/cm2,耐蚀性也得到较大改善。     

Localized corrosion of copper alloys in China seawater for 16 years

The regulation of localized corrosion of 2 kinds of copper and 17 kinds of copper alloys exposed in seawater of Qingdao, Zhoushan, Yulin and Xiamen for 16 years has been studied. Results show that during immersion copper alloys suffer from pitting corrosion due to high temperature and marine living adhesion at Yulin, and to the higher velocity of seawater containing sand at Zhoushan. However, the seawater of Xiamen inhibits the pitting corrosion of copper alloys. No pitting corrosion is observed on copper alloy plates tested there. The copper alloys suffer from more serious pitting corrosion in the tide zone than that in the immersion zone at Qingdao after long time exposure.     

Characteristics and formation of corrosion product films of 70Cu-30Ni alloy in seawater

The corrosion product films of 70Cu-30Ni alloy, composed of recrystallized grains or deformed and recrystallized grains, were investigated in 3.5% NaCl and natural seawater by electrochemical techniques, SEM, EDX and AES. The recrystallized alloy displayed a steady increase in the polarization resistance while the alloy of incomplete recrystallization kept its polarization resistance at a low level as increasing the immersion time in 3.5% NaCl. The films formed on the recrystallized alloy in seawater were thin, uniform and rich in nickel. After long-term immersion, the films, still thin and protective, consisted of convex lines and smooth zones between the lines. The convex lines were richer in nickel and contained more seawater species than the zones, so this led the lines to preferentially dissolve and new lines to appear where the film grew slower. Immersed in seawater, the alloy of incomplete recrystallization showed thick, loose and porous films, of which the inner layer was denickelified and the outer layer contained a great amount of seawater species, and of which the underlying substrate was found with severe intergranular corrosion. The tube specimens of incomplete recrystallization for four-year immersion were perforated by intergranular corrosion.     

具有超疏水表面的白铜在3.5%NaCl溶液中的电化学行为

通过化学刻蚀法和自组装技术,构建了白铜的超疏水表面.利用接触角测试和电化学分析技术探讨了制备工艺对疏水膜性能的影响.对不同刻蚀条件下制备的超疏水表面的电化学测试结果进行比较,结果表明:合适的表面粗糙结构是制备具有优良耐蚀性能的超疏水膜的关键.接触角测量和电化学测试结果表明:构建的白铜基超疏水表面的接触角可达152.8°,该超疏水膜能够大幅提高白铜在3.5%NaCl溶液中的耐蚀性能,缓蚀效率达到96.1%.     

铜镍合金在添加不同缓蚀剂的55%LiBr溶液中的腐蚀行为

采用电化学阻抗技术研究了LiOH、Na_2MoO_4和BTA对铜镍合金在55%LiBr溶液中的腐蚀行为的影响。结果表明,单独添加LiOH和BTA都能显著减缓铜镍合金在LiBr溶液中的腐蚀,而Na_2MoO_4含量较低时可能会加速腐蚀。三种缓蚀剂复配使用,对铜镍合金在55%LiBr溶液中的腐蚀具有更好的缓蚀效果,复配后具有协同效应。试验表明,复合添加0.10 mol/L LiOH、150 mg/L Na_2MoO_4和150mg/L BTA时,对铜镍合金在55%LiBr溶液中的腐蚀具有最优的缓蚀效率。     

AZ31B镁合金在模拟流动海水中的腐蚀行为

利用质量损失法及X射线衍射（XRD）、扫描电镜（SEM）测试手段研究了铸态和挤压态AZ31B镁合金在模拟流动海水中浸泡12 h的腐蚀行为及随流速变化的规律。试验结果表明,AZ31B铸态镁合金试样的耐蚀性要远大于挤压态试样,且二者的腐蚀速率随搅拌速度增加的变化趋势有所不同：铸态试样的腐蚀速率随搅拌速度的增加近似呈线性上升,而挤压态试样的腐蚀速率随搅拌速度的增加而先增大后下降。     

Stainless steel crevice corrosion testing in natural and synthetic seawater

Susceptibility of stainless steel to crevice corrosion in natural and synthetic seawater was investigated by a new test method, developed by a research group, CrevCorr, of the Marine Working Party of the European Federation of Corrosion. The method was defined on the basis of a Round Robin test performed by twenty laboratories over the world [1, 2]. Among them was our Institute at the Adriatic coast. Geometry of the crevice model, gasket materials, finishing of metal surface and the electrochemical potential increase rate were strictly defined. The monitoring of the free corrosion potential of two austenitic steels and a duplex steel, in the constant flowing conditions, as well as the redox potential, temperature, chloride and oxygen content, have been carried out during six months in the natural seawater from the Adriatic Sea at the location in Dubrovnik, Croatia. Sharp drop of the corrosion potential was used as an indication of the crevice corrosion initiation. After exposure to the seawater eventual crevice damage on a steel specimen was detected by visual and microscopic inspections. In the synthetic seawater the organic component was simulated by glucose and glucose oxidase [3, 4]. The monitoring of the free corrosion potential and the redox potential was performed at 20, 30 and 40°C during five days, and results compared with those obtained in the natural seawater at same temperatures.     

Influence of alloying elements on the corrosion performance of alloy 33 and alloy 24 in seawater

The nitrogen-bearing alloys (alloy 33 and alloy 24) and stainless steel type 316L were used in this investigation in order to study the effect of alloying elements on electrochemical behavior and on the nature of passive film in seawater. Scanning electron microscopic studies were carried out to identify the pit morphology of the alloys. Surface analysis of the alloys by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy after passivation showed that nitrogen and chromium are enriched at the surface of the passive film.     

Mg-Gd-Y-Zr合金表面含硫硅烷薄膜的结构与耐蚀性能

采用分子自组装的方法在Mg-Gd-Y-Zr合金表面制备双-（γ-三乙氧基硅丙基）四硫化物硅烷薄膜。通过傅立叶变换红外光谱研究薄膜结构特性,用扫描电镜观察薄膜表面形貌,并用电化学极化曲线和交流阻抗测试研究薄膜的耐蚀性能。结果表明,镁合金表面薄膜通过SiOSi链接形成网状结构,并可能通过形成SiOMg界面相结构与镁合金表面连接;晶界上薄膜厚度小于其他各处;薄膜将腐蚀电流密度降低2个数量级以上,明显提高了盐水浸泡过程中的阻抗值。     

The effect of temperature on corrosion behavior of AA5083 in brackish water and seawater

Al‐alloy, AA5083, as a lightweight structural material with favorable mechanical properties and, compared with other lightweight materials, good corrosion resistance has an increased usage in the marine environment. It is well known that all Al‐alloys, including AA5083, in the presence of chloride ions are more prone to corrosion. Determination of corrosion behavior of AA5083 in seawater and brackish water has been investigated and compared at 18, 25, and at 30°C. To obtain more accurate and realistic results, fresh seawater and brackish water were sampled as an electrolyte in Sibenik region. The investigation was carried out using the following electrochemical methods: open circuit potential measurement, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, linear polarization resistance, potentiodynamic polarization, and cyclic polarization. After potentiodynamic polarization measurement, each alloy was examined using a metallographic microscope to clarify corrosion morphology. Obtained results have shown that an increase in temperature leads to an increase in corrosion activity of AA5083 in both electrolytes, while microscopic examination reveals that the dominant type of corrosion is pitting.     

ZA27合金的热变形及加工图

采用Gleeble-1500热模拟实验机进行热压缩试验,研究ZA27合金的热变形行为,在变形温度为200~350℃、应变速率为0.01~5 s-1、工程应变为60%,基于Murty准则,建立ZA27合金的加工图。结果表明:流变应力随变形温度的升高而减小,随应变速率的提高而增大;在变形温度为200~210℃、应变速率为0.01~0.1 s-1和变形温度为250~350℃、应变速率为1~5 s-1的2个区域内易产生流变失稳现象;动态再结晶是导致流变软化及稳态流变的主要原因,ZA27合金的安全热加工区域的变形温度在250~350℃之间、应变速率在0.1~1 s-1之间。     

间浸工况下紧固件用45钢与B10管材电偶腐蚀行为研究

比较研究了紧固件用45钢与B10铜镍合金材料在海水间浸和全浸环境中的电偶腐蚀行为.结果表明,在全浸工况下偶合电位发生负移并逐渐稳定在-725 mV;偶合电流随着时间的延长逐渐减小,最终稳定在10μA以下.在间浸工况下偶合电位逐渐正移,大约经历3个周期后稳定在-650 mV;偶合电流随时间延长逐渐减小,经过3个周期的干湿交替后最终稳定在20μA左右.失重测量结果表明间浸工况下的电偶腐蚀速率和电偶腐蚀效应均大于全浸工况下的数值,这可能与电极表面状态的变化和"干"态下的去极化效应有关.     

镍基耐蚀合金G3后动态再结晶行为研究

为了研究镍基耐蚀合金G3的后动态再结晶软化行为,在1100～1200℃,0.1～10s-1的变形条件范围内,进行了3种方式的热压缩:变形量为15%和60%单道次热压缩,15%+15%的双道次热压缩和15%热压缩并保温。得出以下结论:在变形温度范围内,15%变形量的第1道次压缩使G3合金发生动态再结晶,使其在后续保温过程中发生由亚动态和静态再结晶共同控制的后动态再结晶软化行为;并进一步得出G3合金的后动态再结晶动力学受应变速率影响,但最终的软化率只随温度而改变;通过15%压缩和保温获得的后动态再结晶组织均匀性低于压缩60%的动态再结晶组织。     

Cu-17Ni-3Al-X合金在中性盐雾中的腐蚀行为

采用中性盐雾加速试验、扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪、光电子能谱仪等研究了Cu-17Ni-3Al-X合金在中性盐雾中的腐蚀行为。结果表明:在中性盐雾腐蚀过程中,该合金具有良好的耐盐雾腐蚀性能,合金的腐蚀速率随腐蚀时间的延长而迅速降低,腐蚀480 h后平均腐蚀速率仅为0.010 mm/a。这是因为腐蚀后合金表面生成一层致密的Cu2O膜,随着腐蚀的进行,Cu2O膜增厚,同时外层的Cu2O膜被进一步氧化生成疏松的Cu2(OH)3Cl颗粒。合金在中性盐雾中腐蚀后,主要是α(Cu)固溶体被腐蚀,合金中的第二相仍残留在晶界处。     

Enhanced corrosion behavior and mechanical properties of AZ91 magnesium alloy developed by ultrasonic-assisted friction stir processing

In this study, ultrasonic-assisted friction stir processing (UaFSP) and friction stir processing (FSP) were conducted on AZ91 magnesium alloy sheets, and their microstructure, corrosion behavior, and mechanical properties were comparatively investigated. Scanning electron microscopy, open-circuit potential, and potentiodynamic polarization were used to study the corrosion behavior of the material. Electrochemical measurements reveal that employing UaFSP, the corrosion rate of the AZ91 magnesium alloy was significantly reduced where lower corrosion current density for UaFSP specimens was obtained (2.09 µA/cm²) compared with 3.42 µA/cm² for the FSP and 6.82 µA/cm² for the base metal. This is mainly attributed to the alteration of morphology and better distribution of the β-Mg₁₇Al₁₂ phase during UaFSP. By using ultrasonic vibration in FSP, a finer grain structure was obtained, which improved the tensile strength and hardness of the AZ91 Mg alloy.     

固溶处理对铸造AM50镁合金腐蚀力学性能的影响

研究了铸造AM50镁合金固溶处理后的组织及腐蚀力学性能的变化规律。结果表明,固溶处理后,由于大量Al固溶进α-Mg中,AM50镁合金相组成主要为α-Mg固溶体。此外,固溶处理没有改变AM50镁合金的断裂机制,仍为准解理断裂。受最大蚀坑深度和固溶强化理论影响,在腐蚀时间为24 h前,镁合金固溶处理后的腐蚀剩余强度高于铸态;而在72 h至336 h之间,固溶处理后的镁合金剩余强度低于铸态;在432 h时,固溶处理后的合金剩余强度重新高于铸态合金。铸态和固溶处理后AM50镁合金的腐蚀速率均呈现出先大后小的规律,这种现象主要由镁合金在NaCl溶液中的腐蚀原理决定的。     

Cu-Ni-Si-P合金热变形行为及热加工图

采用高温等温压缩试验,对Cu?Ni?Si?P合金在应变速率0.01~5?1、变形温度600~800°C条件下的高温变形行为进行了研究,得出了该合金热压缩变形时的热变形激活能Q和本构方程。根据实验数据与热加工工艺参数构建了该合金的热加工图,利用热加工图对该合金在热变形过程中的热变形工艺参数进行了优化,并利用热加工图分析了该合金的高温组织变化。热变形过程中Cu?Ni?Si?P合金的流变应力随着变形温度的升高而降低,随着应变速率的提高而增大,该合金的动态再结晶温度为700°C。该合金热变形过程中的热变形激活能Q为485.6 kJ/mol。通过分析合金在应变为0.3和0.5时的热加工图得出该合金的安全加工区域的温度为750~800°C,应变速率为0.01~0.1 s?1。通过合金热变形过程中高温显微组织的观察,其组织规律很好地符合热加工图所预测的组织规律。