乳腺癌及腋淋巴结转移^99Tc^m—tetrofosmin与^99Tc^m—MIBI显像的对比研究

目的 研究^99Tc^m-tetrofosmin和^99Tc^m-甲氧基异丁基异腈（MIBI）显像诊断乳腺癌和腋淋巴结转移的临床价值。方法 对52例乳腺肿瘤患者进行^99Tc^m-tetrofosmint和^99Tc^m-MIBI显像。患者均为2周内行外科手术治疗,并做病理检查。结果 26例患者病理检查证实为乳腺癌,其中30例为良性病变。^99Tc^m-tetrofosmin显像发现乳腺癌21例,其中11例合并腋淋巴结转移;^99Tc^m-MIBI显像发现乳腺癌19例,其中12例合并腋淋巴结转移。^99Tc^m-tetrofosmin和^99Tc^m-MIBI显像对乳腺癌诊断的灵敏度、特异性和准确性分别为80．8％、76．7％、78．6％和73．1％、73．3％、73．2％;诊断腋淋巴结转移的灵敏度、特异性和准确性分别为68．8％、80．0％、76．0％和75．0％、80．0％、76．9％。结论 ^99Tc^m-tetrofosmin显像对乳腺癌的检出优于^99Tc^m-MIBI显像。     

乳腺显像装置在99Tcm-MIBI乳腺显像中的多中心应用

目的：探讨乳腺显像装置对^99Tc^m-甲氧基异丁基异腈（MIBI）乳腺显像诊断乳腺肿块的价值。方法：多医疗中心采用广东省人民医院设计的乳腺显像装置行^99Tc^m-MIBI乳腺显像，采用特殊俯卧位检查。721例受检查^99Tc^m-MIBI乳腺显像结果均与病理检查资料对照。其中行B超检查137例，红外线检查86例，针吸细胞学检查112例。结果：^99Tc^m-MIBI乳腺显像、B超、红外线检查、针吸细胞学检查对乳腺肿块诊断的灵敏度分别为92．28％、75．44％、69．44％、80．90％，特异性分别为87．0％、75．00％、54．00％、100％。结论：应用该显像装置的^99Tc^m-MIBI乳腺显像对诊断乳腺肿块有较高的灵敏度和特异性。     

99Tcm-MIBI甲状腺显像鉴别甲状腺结节良恶性再认识

目的评价^99Tc^m-甲氧基异丁基异腈（MIBI）甲状腺亲肿瘤显像鉴别甲状腺结节良恶性的临床价值。方法106例甲状腺结节手术患者中101例先进行了甲状腺结节常^99Tc^mO4^-显像；106例患者均静脉注射^99Tc^m-MIBI 370 MBq后进行15min早期和2h延迟显像，结果与病理检查结果对比。结果13例甲状腺恶性肿瘤中的5例、93例良性结节中的23例^99Tc^m-MIBI显像阳性。^99Tc^m-MIBI显像诊断甲状腺恶性肿瘤的灵敏度为38．5％，特异性为75．3％，准确性为70．8％。甲状腺良恶性肿瘤显像的阳性率差异无显著性（x^2=0．49，P〉0．05）。结论^99Tc^m-MIBI显像不能鉴别甲状腺结节的良恶性，其临床意义有限。     

99 Tcm-MIBI SPECT在原发性鼻咽癌诊断、放疗后残余或复发监测中的应用

目的：评价^99Tc^m-甲氧基异丁基异腈(MIBI)SPECT显像对原发性鼻咽癌的诊断和鼻咽癌放疗后局部残余或复发的鉴别价值。方法：20例经病理检查证实的原发性鼻咽癌患者于治疗前、放疗后3和6个月分别行^99Tc^m-MIBI SPECT显像，与同期CT和(或)MRI结果对照，分别计算肿瘤或正常鼻咽部与头皮的放射性计数比值，作为^99Tc^m-MIBI摄取指数(MUI)。以接受器工作特性(ROC)曲线确定MUI判别阈值。以鼻咽部内镜检查、病理活组织检查及18个月的临床随访资料作为鼻咽癌残余或复发的依据。结果以MUI≥2．15为阳性标准，^99Tc^m-MIBISPECT显像诊断原发性鼻咽癌的灵敏度、特异性和准确性均为95％。以MUI≥1．32为阳性标准，^99Tc^m-MIBI SPECT显像监测鼻咽癌残余或复发的灵敏度为3／4例，特异性93．8％，准确性90．0％。CT和(或)MRI监测鼻咽癌残余或复发的灵敏度为3／4例，特异性81．3％，准确性80．0％。^99Tc^m-MIBISPECT显像与CT和(或)MRI联合鉴别鼻咽癌残余或复发的灵敏度、特异性和准确性分别为2／2例、92．9％和93．8％。结论:^99Tc^m-MIBI SPECT显像对确定鼻咽癌原发灶范围有一定价值；与CT和(或)MRI联合，可提高对放疗后鼻咽癌残余或复发的早期诊断效能。     

99 Tcm-MIBI乳腺显像诊断乳腺癌评判方法的探讨

目的：探讨^99Tc^m-甲氧基异丁基异腈（MIBI）显像诊断乳腺癌的评判方法。方法：对100例乳腺肿瘤患者行^99Tc^m-MIBI平面显像,分别计算肿瘤与健侧对应部位（T／N）、肿瘤与胸骨（T／S）、肿瘤与心脏（T／H）的放射性比值,比较三者诊断乳腺癌的价值,确定最佳临界点,观察不同时相显像诊断乳腺癌的差异。结果：T／N检测乳腺癌的灵敏度、特异性和准确性最好,分别为84％、90％和87％;T／H分别为70％（P＞0．05）、72％（P＜0．05）、71％（P＜0．01）;T／S分别为58％（P＜0．01）、78％（P＞0．05）和68％（P＜0．01）。T／N比值在1．1－1．2间诊断乳腺癌的准确性最高。10或30min显像诊断乳腺癌结果无差异。结论：^99Tc^m-MIBI乳腺显像诊断乳腺癌较合适的评判方法为：选择T／N为判断指标,比值取1．1－1．2,显像时间为10或30min均可。     

甲状旁腺功能亢进症患者甲状旁腺激素测定与^99Tc^m-MIBI显像

目的评价原发性甲状旁腺功能亢进症（简称甲旁亢）诊断中^99Tc^m-MIBI显像与血清全段PTH测定结果间的关系。方法对70例临床疑诊甲旁亢患者行血清全段PTH测定和^99Tc^m-MIBI显像。血清PTH〉88ng／L为诊断甲旁亢依据;^99Tc^m-MIBI显像以早期相发现且延迟相显示相对清晰的异常放射性浓聚灶为病变腺体的检出依据。对照最终临床诊断结果,评价鲫Tcm_MIBI显像对病变甲状旁腺的检出效能及与血清PTH检测结果的关系;并以Pearson直线相关分析法分析血清PTH水平与病变腺体体积之间的相关性。结果70例患者中最终证实为甲旁亢者38例。^99Tc^m-MIBI显像对70例患者的诊断准确性为90．0％（63／70）;在PTH正常组为80．0％（12／15）,在PTH升高组为92．7％（51／55）;假阳性均见于PTH正常者。若^99Tc^m-MIBI显像诊断甲状旁腺病变以PTH升高为前提,则总体诊断准确性为94．3％（66／70）;Pearson直线相关分析显示,原发性甲旁亢患者血清PTH水平与病变腺体体积之间呈正相关（r=0．782,P〈0．001）。结论甲状旁腺病变腺体行^99Tc^m-MIBI显像时应先测定血清PTH,以提高^99Tc^m-MIBI显像的诊断准确性。     

乳腺癌99Tcm-MIBI显像与P-gp、MRP表达的关系

目的探讨乳腺癌患者^99Tc^m-甲氧基异丁基异腈（MIBI）显像与癌组织中P-糖蛋白（P—gp）、多药耐药相关蛋白（MRP）表达的关系。方法对36例未经治疗的乳腺癌患者行^99Tc^m-MIBI早期（10min）与晚期（180min）平面显像，应用免疫组织化学方法检测手术后标本中P—gP、MRP的表达，并将患者分为4组：A组，P—gP和MRP均阳性（7例）；B组，P—gP阳性和MRP阴性（15例）；C组，P—gP阴性和MRP阳性（6例）；D组，P-gP和MRP均阴性（8例）。比较各组早期和晚期肿瘤与对侧正常组织放射性比值（T／N）及肿瘤部位放射性清除率（WR）之间的差异。结果早期T／NA、B组均高于D组，差异有显著性（P值分别为0．001和0．045）；晚期T／N各组间差异无显著性（P=0．686）；清除率A、B、C组均高于D组，差异有显著性（P值分别为〈0．001、0．001和0．014）。结论^99Tc^m-MIBI显像清除率与乳腺癌P—gP、MRP表达呈正相关（r=0．839，P〈0．001），^99Tc^m-MIBI显像清除率分析可用于乳腺癌P—gP、MRP表达水平及功能状态的评估。     

运动试验18F-FDG心肌代谢显像诊断心肌缺血

目的 探讨运动试验同时行^18F-脱氧葡萄糖（FDG）心肌代谢和^99Tc^m-甲氧基异丁基异腈（MIBI）心肌灌注显像判断心肌缺血的可行性和诊断价值.方法 26例既往无心肌梗死病史的确诊或怀疑冠心病患者,在运动试验高峰或出现终止指标时注射^99Tc^m-MIBI和^18F-FDG,进行心肌灌注和代谢显像,随后进行静息^99Tc^m-MIBI心肌灌注显像以及冠状动脉造影.比较运动^18F-FDG心肌代谢显像和^99Tc^m-MIBI心肌灌注显像及冠状动脉造影结果.结果 22例有1支及其以上冠状动脉狭窄≥50%的患者中,18例出现血流灌注异常,灵敏度为82%,20例患者有明显^18F-FDG摄取,灵敏度为91%,两者比较差异无显著性（x^2=1.497,P=0.338）.静息^99Tc^m-MIBI心肌灌注显像示完全（12例）或部分（3例）可逆性心肌灌注缺损（心肌缺血）的患者同时行运动试验^99Tc^m-MIBI心肌灌注、^18F-FDG心肌代谢显像,表现为血流灌注减低的心肌节段^18F-FDG摄取增加.与冠状动脉造影对比,22例患者共51个病变血管（管腔狭窄≥50%）支配的心肌节段中,运动试验^99Tc^m-MIBI心肌灌注显像发现了25个节段,灵敏度为49%,而运动^18F-FDG心肌代谢显像发现了34个节段,灵敏度为67%（x^2=7.30,P=0.008）.结论 运动试验引起心肌缺血可以进行^18F-FDG心肌代谢显像.且与单纯运动/静息心肌灌注显像比较,同时行运动试验^99Tc^m-MIBI心肌灌注和^18F-FDG心肌代谢显像对诊断局部缺血心肌节段有更高的准确性.     

^99Tc^m-MIBI／^90Tc^mO4-显像减影法在甲状旁腺腺瘤术前定位诊断中的价值

目的本研究比较^99Tc^m-MIBI／^90Tc^mO4-显像减影法与其他影像方法对术前甲状旁腺瘤定位诊断的价值,并探讨腺瘤大小、重量、血PTH及血钙对此核素显像的影响。方法回顾性分析了17例病理证实为甲状旁腺腺瘤患者,术前均行此核素显像及B超,其中15例行CT,10例行MRI检查。结果核素显像的灵敏度为70．59％,高于B超（58．82％）、CT（66．67％）及MRI（50．00％）。在核素显像阳性组（n=12）之腺瘤重量明显大于阴性组（n=5）,差异具有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;组间腺瘤最大径、血清PrrH及血钙无统计学差异。结论^99Tc^m-MIBI／^90Tc^mO4-显像减影法在术前甲状旁腺腺瘤的定位诊断中具有重要价值。     

多发性骨髓瘤99Tcm-MIBI显像特点及临床价值

目的探讨多发性骨髓瘤（multiple myeloma，MM）的^99Tc^m-甲氧基异丁基异腈（MIBI）显像特点及临床应用价值。方法注射^99Tc^m-MIBI 555MBq后10min进行全身显像，根据图像特点分为4种表现类型：即N、D、F和F＋D型，并依据显像范围（E）和程度（Ⅰ）对图像进行半定量计分及与临床血液学指标的相关分析。正常对照者12例，患者组42例。在随访中，对42例MM患者共进行了113人次的^99Tc^m-MIBI显像。结果不同临床分期、不同疾病状态的图像表现形式和半定量计分差异均有显著性。若以D、F、F＋D型图像和综合计分≥2作为MM未完全缓解的判断标准，其诊断准确性为97．6％（80／82）；而以^99Tc^m-MIBI显像阴性（N型）或图像虽表现为D型，但综合计分≤2作为MM完全缓解的判断标准，其诊断准确性为100％（31／31）。图像半定量计分与血液中M蛋白含量及骨髓浆细胞数量呈正相关，与外周血血红蛋白含量呈负相关。结论^99Tc^m-MIBI显像能有效评估肿瘤负荷量及其活动程度。     

成批煤气爆燃烧伤的救治体会

报道治疗因煤气泄漏爆炸烧伤病员7例，经应用MEBT技术积极救治，其中6例于伤后17天痊愈出院，另一例特重伤员也于伤后30天康复出院。作者认为：应严格按照MEBT／MEBO要求进行规范治疗，正确处理生命体征、休克、感染、脏器功能和创面的辨证关系。同时，不能忽视外科营养在过程中的重要作用，它是创面修复的物质保证。     

Glutamine supplementation in vitro and in vivo,in exercise and in immunodepression

In situations of stress, such as clinical trauma, starvation or prolonged, strenuous exercise, the concentration of glutamine in the blood is decreased, often substantially. In endurance athletes this decrease occurs concomitantly with relatively transient immunodepression. Glutamine is used as a fuel by some cells of the immune system. Provision of glutamine or a glutamine precursor, such as branched chain amino acids, has been seen to have a beneficial effect on gut function, on morbidity and mortality, and on some aspects of immune cell function in clinical studies. It has also been seen to decrease the self-reported incidence of illness in endurance athletes. So far, there is no firm evidence as to precisely which aspect of the immune system is affected by glutamine feeding during the transient immunodepression that occurs after prolonged, strenuous exercise. However, there is increasing evidence that neutrophils may be implicated. Other aspects of glutamine and glutamine supplementation are also addressed.     

Sex differences in neuromuscular fatigability in response to load carriage in the field in British Army recruits

Objectives

Women are resistant to neuromuscular fatigue compared to men in response to a range of exercise tasks. The sex differences in the neuromuscular responses to load carriage have yet to be investigated.

Decrease in eccentric hamstring strength in runners in the Tirol Speed Marathon

Background

The local muscular endurance of knee flexors, during eccentric work in particular, is important in preventing or delaying kinematic changes associated with fatigue during treadmill running. This result, however, may not be transferable to overground running.

Objective

To test the hypothesis that overground running is associated with eccentric hamstring fatigue.

Methods

Thirteen runners (12 male and one female) performed an isokinetic muscle test three to four days before and 18 hours after a marathon. Both legs were tested. The testing protocol consisted of concentric and eccentric quadriceps and hamstring contractions.

Results

There were no significant differences between peak torque before and after the race, except that eccentric peak hamstring torque (both thighs) was reduced.

Conclusion

Overground running (running a marathon) is associated with eccentric hamstring fatigue. Eccentric hamstring fatigue may be a potential risk factor for knee and soft tissue injuries during running. Eccentric hamstring training should therefore be introduced as an integral part of the training programme of runners.     

Oxalosis in primary hyperoxaluria in infancy

Primary hyperoxaluria (PH1) is a rare inborn autosomal recessive metabolic disorder due to the deficiency of hepatic alanine-glyoxylate-aminotransferase. This deficiency results in excessive synthesis and urinary excretion of oxalate, inducing renal stone formation and deposition of calcium oxalate in the kidney, bone, myocardium, and vessels (systemic oxalosis, SO) in the most severely affected individuals. We report renal and skeletal changes in a 3-month-old girl with PH1 and SO. Intense cortico-medullary hyperechogenicity and increased homogeneous radiopacity of normal-sized kidneys suggested the diagnosis of SO. Skeletal survey showed osteopenia and characteristic symmetrical metaphyseal transverse bands in long bones, progressively becoming more dense and migrating towards the diaphysis. Multiple pathological and slowly healing fractures of the limbs occurred at the dense band level. A radiopaque rim was then observed in flat bones, epiphyseal nuclei, and vertebral bodies. Inflammatory granulomatous reaction, induced by the presence of oxalate crystals in the marrow spaces, coexisted with progressively evident radiological signs of secondary hyperparathyroidism, with partially overlapping features. The patient was treated by peritoneal dialysis and hemodialysis until combined liver–kidney transplantation. There are no previous reports of infants treated with hemodialysis for more than 2 years.     

新疆石河子地区奶牛隐性乳房炎的调查与分析

采用LMT法对新疆石河子地区三个规模化奶牛场泌乳牛群进行了隐性乳房炎检测,共检测994头泌乳牛3976个乳区.结果表明:奶牛隐性乳房炎阳性率为81.9%,乳区阳性率为49.1%.数据分析表明,不同年龄、胎次以及有无卧床奶牛的隐性乳房炎阳性率差异显著(P<0.05),后乳区的隐性乳房炎感染率显著高于前乳区感染率(P<0.05),隐性乳房炎乳区发生数也明显影响当日产奶量(P<0.05).     

肺心病慢性呼吸性酸中毒合并代谢性酸碱失衡判断方法探讨(附80例次血气分析)

目的：对42例肺心病慢性呼吸性酸中毒患者的80例次血气测定结果。方法：用不同的酸碱图（卡）及代偿公式进行酸碱类型的初步差别分析。结果：结合临床表现、各种影响因素与治疗反应等作出综合判定。结论：比较二种判定的差异，并提出较为实用、可靠的判断建议，以助于复合型呼吸性酸碱失衡的临床诊断与处理。     

胎龄和日龄对新生儿局部脑血流的影响

目的探讨胎龄及日龄对新生儿局部脑血流(rCBF)变化的影响及规律.方法对早产儿组、足月早期新生儿组、足月晚期新生儿组进行99Tcm-双半胱乙酯(ECD)SPECT脑血流灌注断层显像,并作半定量分析和读片分析.结果早产儿组原始感觉运动区和枕叶rCBF低于足月早期新生儿组(P<0.05),显著低于足月晚期新生儿组(P<0.01),其额叶中份、顶叶rCBF也低于足月晚期新生儿组(P<0.05),其余各叶皮质rCBF随胎龄和日龄的增大有增加趋势.早产儿组脑血流显像图与足月早期新生儿组和晚期新生儿组比较有明显差异.结论早产儿与足月儿rCBF的变化可能与新生儿大脑皮质相应区域发育成熟度和时间顺序有关.     

Radiological strategy in acute stroke in children

The aim of the study was to estimate the preponderance of patterns of pediatric stroke, ischemic or hemorrhagic, their etiologies and the correct diagnostic protocol for acute management.Forty-one consecutive pediatric patients (age range 5-16 years) with an acute stroke observed in acute phase during a 10-year period, were retrospectively evaluated. Twenty-three patients underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), 3 cases were studied by computed tomography (CT) without MRI, and 15 underwent both CT and MRI studies. In 9 cases, intra-arterial digital subtraction angiography (IADSA) was performed after non-invasive preliminary assessment.Seventeen hemorrhagic (41%) and 24 ischemic (59%) strokes were found. Among hemorrhagic forms, 5 cases were due to arteriovenous malformation (AVM), 7 to cavernoma, and 2 to aneurysm. Among ischemic forms, 2 were due to sickle-cell disease, 1 to hyperomocysteinemia, 1 to moyamoya syndrome, 1 to pseudoxantoma elasticum, 3 to prothrombotic state, 1 to Fabry's disease, 1 concomitant with CO intoxication, 5 to venous sinus thrombosis, and 4 to cardio-embolic state. Etiology remains unknown in 8 cases (20.5%).This study shows a moderate prevalence of ischemic over hemorrhagic strokes. Moreover, personal experience suggests that MRI is always more informative than CT and in selected cases should be the first-choice examination in the acute phase.