电焊作业对工人血液中必需元素的影响

目的:探讨电焊作业对工人血液中必需元素的影响。方法:以某金属结构厂82名电焊作业工人为接触组,另以不接触毒物的61名非电焊工人为对照组,血锰含量测定采用石墨炉原子吸收法,血中铜、铁、锌、镁、钙含量则采用火焰原子吸收法测定。同时对电焊作业环境空气中的锰浓度、对照组作业场所空气中锰浓度进行采样测定。结果:血锰,接触组为42173±21163μg/L,明显高于对照组(29197±17162μg/L,P<0101);血锌,接触组和对照组分别为9102±3147mg/L和12172±3189mg/L,两者差异有显著性(P<0105);血镁,接触组和对照组分别为47199±9186mg/L和35182±15108mg/L,两者差异有显著性(P<0105);两组间血铜、血铁和血钙含量差异均无显著性(P>0105)。结论:电焊作业可能导致工人血锰含量增加,同时还可引起血锌含量下降,血镁含量升高。     

电焊作业对工人血清一氧化氮合酶活力的影响

目的探讨电焊作业对工人血清中一氧化氮合酶(NOS)活力的影响,进一步了解电焊作业对工人健康损害的机制,为保护电焊作业工人身体健康提供理论依据。方法以某金属结构厂54名电焊作业工人为接触组,不接触毒物的59名非电焊工人为对照组,采用NOS催化L-Arg法测定血清中NOS活力;血锰含量测定采用石墨炉原子吸收法,血中铜、铁、锌、镁、钙含量测定采用火焰原子吸收法。结果接触组工人血清中总NOS活力为(27.88±7.49)U/ml,低于对照组(30.48±4.69)U/ml,差异有显著性(P<0.05),且接触组工人血清中诱导型NOS(iNOS)活力为(16.18±6.70)U/ml,亦低于对照组(19.71±4.26)U/ml,差异有显著性(P<0.05);血锰接触组为(42.73±21.63)μg/L,明显高于对照组(29.97±17.62)μg/L,差异有显著性(P<0.01);血锌接触组和对照组分别为(9.02±3.47)mg/L和(12.72±3.89)mg/L,两组间差异有显著性(P<0.05);接触组和对照组血镁分别为(47.99±9.86)mg/L和(35.82±15.08)mg/L,两组间差异有显著性(P<0.05);两组间血铜、血铁和血钙含量比较,差异均无显著性(P>0.05)。结论电焊作业可能导致工人血锰含量增加,而引起血清NOS活力降低;同时还可使血锌含量下降和血镁含量升高。     

电焊作业对工人神经行为功能的影响

目的探讨锰对电焊作业工人神经行为的影响。方法采用计算机神经行为评价系统(NESC3)中8个行为测试项目对91名电焊作业工人和49名对照组工人进行测试。同时对接触组、对照组作业环境空气中的锰浓度及所有受试者血锰浓度进行采样测定。结果接触组工人的符号译码、视简单反应时、视复杂反应时、目标追踪和情感状态中紧张、疲惫、有力的测试结果明显差于对照组(P<0.05或P<0.01);接触组血锰为(0.78±0.39)μmol/L,明显高于对照组血锰[(0.53±0.32)μmol/L],P<0.01;但接触组血锰浓度与工龄、神经行为测试结果无明显相关关系(P>0.05)。结论锰可引起工人情感状态、手眼协调能力、心理运动能力的改变,计算机神经行为测试可作为一种检测电焊工人神经系统早期损害的较合适的方法。     

电焊作业对工人血清抗氧化系统的影响

目的了解电焊作业有害因素对血清抗氧化系统的影响。方法以65名电焊作业工人为接触组,55名不接触职业病危害因素的工人为对照组。对两组人员的血清总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活力及丙二醛(MDA)含量进行测定分析。结果接触组工人血清T-AOC、SOD活力较对照组降低,差异有显著性(P<0.05)。结论电焊作业产生的锰尘、噪声等职业有害因素可影响工人体内抗氧化系统。     

电焊作业工人脑电图改变的分析

为探讨锰作业工人脑电图改变的规律和特点,为慢性锰中毒的诊治提供科学依据,我们对本公司从事电焊作业工人进行了脑电图检查,现将结果报告如下。     

电焊作业工人的心电图分析

为探讨电焊作业对工人的心电图影响,我们对某厂接触电焊作业的162名工人做了心电图检查,并对其作业环境进行了监测,现将结果报告如下。1 对象与方法1.1 调查对象 接触组为某厂工人162名,其中男性90名,女性72名;年龄为18～52岁,工龄为1～30年,对照组为条件相似的本厂职工医院的医务人员和部分后勤人员179名。1.2 调查方法 车间空气中电焊烟尘浓度的测定:按全国卫生防疫规范《劳动卫生分册》、《车间空气检查检测方法》要求进行。采用统一的职工健康监护档案,内容包括:一般情况、职业史、既     

电焊作业对工人神经行为功能的影响

目的探讨电焊作业对作业工人神经行为功能的影响。方法采用世界卫生组织（WHO）推荐的神经行为核心测试组合（Neurobehavioural Core Test Batteries简称NCTB）,对45名无急、慢性锰中毒作业工人和对照组45名工人的情感状态（Profiles of Mood States Test简称POMS）、简单视觉运动反应时、数字跨度、手提转捷度、数字译码、Benton视觉保留、目标测试Ⅱ等进行测试,并对测试结果进行比较分析。结果发现电焊作业组工人在抑郁、疲劳、精力充沛三项情感状态指标与对照组比较有明显差异（P〈0．01,P〈0．05）;发现电焊作业组工人在简单视觉运动反应时、数字跨度、手提转捷度、数字译码、Benton视觉保留与对照组比较差异有非常显著性（P〈0．01）。结论电焊作业对神经行为功能有一定影响,工龄与神经行为负效应关系不明显。     

锰烟尘对工人血清抗氧化系统及乙酰胆碱酯酶活力的影响

01),且呈一定剂量-反应关系;工龄分层分析发现,与工龄<10年组比较,随着接毒工龄增加血清MDA含量逐渐升高,血清SOD活力逐渐降低,差异具有显著性(P<0.05).结论 锰烟尘能使机体脂质过氧化增加,抗氧化能力下降,AChE活力增高.MDA、SOD可作为锰中毒早期敏感指标及效应性标志物.     

电焊作业对工人心血管功能的影响

目的探讨电焊对男性作业工人心血管功能的影响。方法选择135名男性电焊工人及138名无职业接触的管理岗位人员(对照组)为对象,检测心电图和血压,测定尿锰含量和血清心肌酶谱:肌酸激酶(CK)及其同工酶(CK-MB)、天冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)、α-羟丁酸脱氢酶(α-HBD)和乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)。结果接触组尿锰含量显著高于对照组,接触组血清CK、α-HBD和LDH水平显著升高(P0.05);舒张压降低,心电图异常率增高(P0.05)。结论电焊对作业工人的心血管功能有一定影响。     

青岛经济技术开发区电焊作业工人健康状况调查

目的了解电焊作业职业病危害因素对工人健康的影响,并提出相关防制对策。方法选择全区部分厂矿的男性电焊工268人为电焊组,选择不接触电焊作业及其他职业病危害因素的办公室工作人员268人作为照组。对两组人群进行职业史、呼吸系统、神经系统、听觉、视力等职业健康检查,并对卫生防护知识知晓状况等进行调查。结果 268例电焊工人患支气管炎24例(8.96%),肺炎17例(6.34%),视力下降85例(31.72%),头疼、头晕症状121例(45.15%),有失眠、健忘症状141例(52.61%),听力下降128例(47.76%),主诉肌肉关节痛158例(58.96%),患有金属烟热病12例(4.48%),锰中毒5例(1.87%)。与对照组比较,除了锰中毒差异无统计学意义(P0.05)外,其他症状发生率差异均有统计学意义(P0.01)。卫生防护知识知晓情况:电焊组对职业病危害因素、可致什么职业病、职业禁忌证;对眼睛的伤害、佩戴面罩(或眼镜)、手套防护,安装通风设施知识的知晓率,与对照组比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论该区电焊作业危害严重,改善电焊作业环境和加强个人防护是防治电焊作业职业病危害的根本措施。     

三硝基甲苯对作业工人血清SOD活性及CG含量的影响

对三硝基甲苯（ＴＮＴ） 作业工人进行了血清ＳＯＤ 活性及ＣＧ 含量测定, 并就这两个指标在评价ＴＮＴ 致早期损伤方面的意义进行了探讨。     

低浓度锰接触对504名电焊作业工人健康的影响

目的了解接触锰对电焊作业工人健康的影响。方法北京市某区对18家企业的电焊作业进行现场调查并对34个作业点空气中锰浓度进行检测,对504名电焊工(接触组)和510名不接触锰的工人(对照组)进行职业健康检查。结果检查阳性结果主要包括神经衰弱综合征、跟腱反射减弱、高血压、血常规异常、尿常规异常、ALT活力增高、心电图异常,接触组和对照组比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。作业工龄5a和≥5a的电焊作业工人,高血压、ALT活力增高的阳性检出率差异有统计学意义(P0.05),其他各项指标的阳性检出率差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论接触低浓度锰对电焊工的职业健康危害是轻微的,但仍应加强防护措施,尤其是要控制作业场所空气中锰浓度的短时间波动。     

The effect of acute noise exposure on the excretion of corticosteroids,adrenalin and noradrenalin in man

Summary The present article deals with a study of the influence of exposure to noise (80 dB) upon the corticosteroid, adrenalin, and noradrenalin excretion of male students, i.e. ten exposed subjects and ten non-exposed controls. Noise exposure appeared to cause a significantly different adrenalin excretion, in so far that among those exposed to noise no drop in excretion occurred in the afternoon. A similar effect, be it to a somewhat lesser degree, was noticed with regard to noradrenalin excretion, whereas in respect of corticosteroid excretion no effect could be traced. These results appear to be in good agreement with findings reported in the literature, provided that as regards the present study the influence of two simultaneously occurring stressors is taken into account: 1. exposure to noise, and 2. the fact that the subjects were confronted with an unfamiliar laboratory situation.     

The recovery of plasma cholinesterase and erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase activity in workers after over-exposure to dichlorvos

Plasma cholinesterase and erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase activities have a long history of use in monitoring both workers at risk of organophosphorus pesticide (OP) exposure and in investigating accidental exposures to OPs. On account of wide inter-individual variation, the establishment of unexposed, baseline enzyme activities is necessary for accurate interpretation. This paper describes the rate of recovery of the two enzymes' activity after substantial over-exposure of eight subjects to the OP dichlorvos. Plasma cholinesterase activity, immediately after exposure, was substantially more inhibited than erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase activity. The plasma enzyme activity showed an exponential pattern of recovery with a half-life of around 12 days, so recovery was essentially complete after about 50 days. This reported half-life of recovery is consistent with the reported de novo synthesis rate of plasma cholinesterase. The mean recovery of erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase activity appeared linear over time, attaining unexposed activity after about 82 days, which is somewhat shorter than the life-span of erythrocytes. These indicate the sort of time period, after an OP incident, before a valid unexposed level can be established in an individual; and substantiate the guidance given in the Health & Safety Executive's document MS17 on a minimum period of 60 days without exposure in order to establish pre-exposure baseline levels.     

孕妇焦虑与去甲肾上腺素及5-羟色胺的关系

目的:探讨孕妇产前焦虑与去甲肾上腺素(NE)及5-羟色胺(5-HT)变化的关系。方法:选择择期剖宫产的孕妇80例,术前2 h孕妇自行填写汉密顿焦虑量表(HAS)、汉密顿抑郁量表(HDS)并对各项指标量化评分。根据评分分为无焦虑组(Ⅰ)、轻度焦虑组(Ⅱ)、中重度焦虑组(Ⅲ)3组。填表同时抽血测定NE、5-HT。结果:轻度焦虑组NE水平明显高于无焦虑组(P<0.01),中重度焦虑组NE水平明显高于无焦虑组(P<0.01),与轻度焦虑组无显著性差异(P>0.01)。轻度焦虑组5-HT水平明显低于无焦虑组(P<0.01),中重度焦虑组5-HT水平明显低于无焦虑组和轻度焦虑组(P<0.01)。孕妇焦虑程度与NE呈正相关(r=0.538,P<0.01),与5-HT呈负相关(r=-0.570,P<0.01)。结论:NE、5-HT在孕妇产前焦虑情绪的发生过程中起着重要的作用。     

电焊作业工人血清SOD、GSH-Px和MDA改变及其影响因素

目的：探讨电焊作业对工人体内的脂质过氧化水平的影响。方法：对125名电焊工和50名对照人员进行了问卷和血清SOD,GSH－Px和MDA的测定。结果：手工电弧焊组和CO2保护焊组的SOD,GSH－Px显著低于对照组,MDA显著高于对照组;3项指标在各接触剂量组间差异无显著性,也不存在剂量－效应关系;回归分析显示3项指标与累积接触剂量无关。结论：电焊作业可引起电焊工体内氧化负荷加重,但这种作用不存在明显的蓄积现象,也未发现剂量－效应关系。     

低水平锰接触对焊工血清神经内分泌激素水平的影响

目的 探讨低水平锰接触对焊工血清神经内分泌激素水平的影响.方法 选择广西某厂41名男性焊工为接触组,某单位不接触锰烟尘及其他有害物质的40名男性工人为对照组,采用化学发光免疫法测定血清中催乳素(PRL)、促黄体生成素(LH)、尿促卵泡素(FSH)、睾酮(TST)、促甲状腺激素(TSH)含量.结果 焊工作业环境空气MnO2几何平均浓度为0.03 mg/m3(0.003～0.519 mg/m3),接触组红细胞锰和尿锰明显高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.01).接触组血清LH、TSH水平[(2.89±0.69)mIU/ml、(1.45±0.56)μIU/ml]明显低于对照组[(3.82±1.61)mIU/ml、(2.19±1.28)μIU/ml],差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.01).接锰工龄＜5年组血清LH、FSH、TSH水平明显低于对照组,TST水平明显高于对照组和5～年组,FSH明显低于≥10年组,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).接锰工龄5～年组血清LH、TSH水平明显低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05或P＜0.01);接锰工龄≥10年组血清PRL、LH、TSH水平明显低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).红细胞锰与尿锰呈负相关(r=-0.310,P＜0.05),血清PRL与TST呈负相关(r=-0.409,P＜0.01),LH与FSH正相关(r=0.361,P＜0.05).结论 长期低水平锰接触可能会致工人血清PRL、LH和TSH水平下降,对神经内分泌激素代谢产生一定的影响.

Abstract：

Objective To study the effects of low level manganese (Mn)exposure on the serum neuroendocrine hormones levels of the welders. Methods The exposure group consisted of 41 male welders,40 male workers without exposing to harmful agents served as controls. The serum contents of prolactin(PRL),luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), testosterone (TST) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) of 81 subjects were detected by chemiluminescence immunoassay. Results The geometric mean value of airborne Mn concentrations was 0.03 mg/m3 (0.003-0.519 mg/m3) in the welding circumstances.The levels of Mn in red blood cells(RBCs) and urinary Mn of the exposure group were significantly higher than those of control group ( P＜0.01 ). The contents of serum LH and TSH of the exposure group were 2.89±0.69mIU/ml and 1.45±0.56 uIU/ml, which were significantly lower than those (3.82±1.61 mIU/ml and 2.19±1.28μIU/ml ) of control group(P＜0.01 ). The serum contents of LH, FSH and TSH of the group exposed to Mn for ＜5years were significantly lower than those of the control group, The serum TST level of the group exposed to Mn for ＜5 years was significantly higher than those of the control group and group exposed to Mn for 5～years, the serum FSH level of the group exposed to Mn for ＜ 5 years was significantly lower than that of the group exposed to Mn for 10 years (P＜0.05 or P＜0.01 ). The serum contents of LH and TSH of the group exposed to Mn for 5～years were significantly lower than those of the control group (P＜0.05 or P＜0.01 ). The serum contents of PRL, LH and TSH of the group exposed to Mn for 10 years were significantly lower than those of the control group(P＜0.05 ). There was negative correlation between blood( RBC ) Mn and urinary Mn(r=-0.310, P＜0.05 ),also there was negative correlation between serum PRL and serum TST (r=-0.409, P＜0.01 ), the positive correlation between serum LH and serum FSH was observed (r=0.361, P＜0.05 ). Conclusion The results of present study showed that the long exposure to low level of Mn may decrease the levels of serum PRL, LH and TSH in workers occupationally exposed to Mn, which can influence the metabolism of neuroendocrine hormones to certain extent.