Hilbert-Huang变换在滚动轴承故障诊断中的应用

提出了一种新的滚动轴承故障诊断方法——基于小波系数包络信号的局部Hilbert边际谱方法，在Hilbert—Huang变换的基础上介绍了局部Hilbert谱和局部Hilbert边际谱，并将它应用于滚动轴承的故障诊断中。用小波基将滚动轴承故障振动信号分解，对高频段的小波系数用Hilbert进行包络分析得到包络信号，再对包络信号进行Hilbert—Huang变换求出局部Hilbert边际谱，从局部Hilbert边际谱中就可以判断滚动轴承的故障部位和类型。通过对滚动轴承具有外圈缺陷、内圈缺陷的情况下的振动信号的分析，说明该方法比传统的包络分析方法更能有效地提取滚动轴承故障特征。     

基于LMD和MCKD的滚动轴承早期故障诊断

滚动轴承故障产生的初期,信号中的冲击成分受到严重的噪声干扰,导致故障信号的周期特征难以提取。针对这一问题,提出基于局部均值分解(LMD)算法和最大相关峭度反褶积(MCKD)算法结合的滚动轴承早期故障诊断方法。首先应用LMD算法对轴承早期故障信号进行自适应分解,选取与原始信号相关系数较大的乘积函数(PF)分量进行重构;然后应用MCKD算法对重构信号进行降噪,突出周期冲击成分;最后对消噪后的信号进行Hilbert包络处理,从包络谱中即可准确地获取故障特征频率。通过对仿真信号和内圈故障实验信号的分析,证明了该方法的有效性。     

基于峭度与小波包络分析的滚动轴承故障诊断

针对滚动轴承振动信号具有变频和冲击的特征,采用峭度指标、小波分解和Hilbert包络分析相结合的方法对滚动轴承进行故障分析。首先对运行中的滚动轴承振动信号进行峭度指标分析,进行早期故障判断,进而小波分解消除噪声和干扰信号,再重构能量集中频段的小波信号,最后进行Hilbert包络谱解调分析,得到反映故障特征频率的包络信号。仿真实例表明,该方法可以有效地对滚动轴承进行故障诊断。     

基于小波相关滤波法的滚动轴承早期故障诊断方法研究

目前基于小波分析的滚动轴承故障诊断方法研究已经很多,但是这些方法对于强噪声背景下的早期故障微弱信号特征提取效果并不理想。为此,提出了适用于强噪声背景的小波相关滤波滚动轴承早期故障诊断方法。该方法将小波相关滤波降噪方法和Hilbert包络细化谱分析相结合:对被测信号进行小波相关滤波降噪处理,对降噪处理后的高频段尺度域的小波系数进行Hilbert包络细化谱分析。该方法在滚动轴承的早期故障诊断中的试验结果表明,该方法与直接小波系数包络谱诊断方法相比,较大地增强了对滚动轴承早期故障诊断的能力,在强噪声背景下有效地提取出滚动轴承的早期故障频率。     

基于形态分量分析和包络谱的轴承故障诊断

滚动轴承出现局部损伤时,其振动信号往往由包含轴承自身振动的谐振分量、包含轴承故障信息的冲击分量及随机噪声分量构成。提出了基于形态分量分析和包络谱的滚动轴承故障诊断方法。该方法根据轴承振动信号中各组成成分的形态差异,利用改进的形态分量分析对滚动轴承故障振动信号中的谐振分量、冲击分量和噪声分量进行分离,然后对冲击分量进行Hilbert包络解调分析,根据包络谱诊断滚动轴承故障。算法仿真和应用实例表明,该方法能有效提取滚动轴承故障特征。     

IEWT和FSK在齿轮与滚动轴承故障诊断中的应用

改进的经验小波变换方法(improved empirical wavelet transform,简称IEWT)是一种新的自适应性信号处理方法,将这种方法和快速谱峭度(fast spectral kurtosis,简称FSK)相结合,进行齿轮与滚动轴承的故障诊断。首先,采用IEWT对信号进行分解,筛选出故障特征最为明显的2个分量并重构信号;其次,对重构信号进行快速谱峭度滤波;最后,对滤波后的信号进行包络谱分析,提取出信号的故障特征。分析齿轮断齿及滚动轴承故障信号,与直接包络谱和基于EMD经验模态分解(empirical mode decomposition,简称EMD)方法的FSK滤波包络谱分析方法相比可知,采用IEWT处理后再进行FSK滤波的信号进行包络谱分析更具有区分性,可有效识别齿轮和滚动轴承的故障特征。     

基于局域均值分解包络谱和SVM的滚动轴承故障诊断方法研究

论述了局域均值分解(Local mean decomposition,LMD)的定义和算法。结合局域均值分解、包络分析和支持向量机(Support vector machine,SVM)的各自特点,提出了一种基于LMD包络谱和SVM的滚动轴承故障诊断方法,该方法先对滚动轴承振动信号进行分解,得到一系列的生产函数分量,然后,再对前面几个生产函数分量进行包络分析,从包络谱中提取特征幅值比作为特征向量输入到SVM分类器中进行识别。实验结果验证了提出的方法的有效性,可以有效地识别滚动轴承的不同故障。     

基于改进EMD与谱峭度的滚动轴承故障特征提取

针对滚动轴承故障信号的调制特点和其需要依靠经验来选择共振高频带的缺点,提出一种改进经验模态分解(EMD)与谱峭度法结合的滚动轴承故障诊断方法。首先,通过EMD将滚动轴承故障信号分解为若干固有模态函数(IMF);然后通过互信息、峭度、互相关性剔除虚假IMF分量,重构故障信号;最后利用谱峭度设计最优带通滤波器,并对滤波后的信号进行包络解调分析,提取滚动轴承故障特征。滚动轴承故障实验信号分析结果表明,改进EMD与谱峭度方法能有效提取滚动轴承故障特征,且比传统包络分析方法更具优势。     

基于EMD和Hilbert包络谱的滚动轴承故障诊断

为了对旋转机械中滚动轴承的运行状态进行故障监测和诊断,提出了一种基于EMD和Hilbert包络谱的滚动轴承故障诊断新方法.通过在滚动轴承实验台上提取振动信号,用EMD对数据进行分解得振动信号的固有模态函数分量(IMF分量),然后对IMF作Hilbert包络并进行谱分析.结果表明,该方法能够准确地识别和诊断出滚动轴承的运行状态和故障类型,非常适合滚动轴承故障精确诊断,具有很高的工程实用价值.     

基于SVD-LCD与1.5维谱的滚动轴承故障诊断

为了准确地进行滚动轴承故障诊断,针对故障振动信号的低信噪比、非线性、非平稳的特征,提出了奇异值分解降噪、局部特征尺度分解和1.5维谱相结合的故障诊断方法。该方法首先运用奇异值分解降噪技术降低信号中的噪声,然后对降噪信号进行局部特征尺度分解,得到若干个内禀尺度分量,并进行Hilbert变换求取包络信号,最后求取包络信号的1.5维谱提取故障特征。通过轴承内圈故障数据分析,验证了该方法的有效性。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

Limits of topographic measurement by the scanning tunnelling and atomic force microscopes

Parameters describing the topographic character of a surface (height, surface wavelength, slope and curvature) can be derived from equivalent sinusoidal profiles. The response of a surface-measuring instrument may be modelled in terms of instrument parameters such as stylus radius, and scanning range and resolution. The performance of the instrument may then be mapped as a zone in amplitude-wavelength (AW) space to show the sinusoidal profiles it is capable of measuring. In a first-order analysis the STM and AFM are considered as equivalent to contact-stylus instruments with a notional stylus radius equal to the tip radius plus the gap. Comparisons between different instruments and types of instrument are readily made by mapping in AW space. The error arising from convolution of the sinusoidal profile with that of the finite tip may be quantified and plotted as contours in AW space.     

Fractional order nonsingular terminal sliding mode control for flexible spacecraft attitude tracking

This paper investigates a fractional terminal sliding mode control for flexible spacecraft attitude tracking in the presence of inertia uncertainties and extern...     

奥氏体不锈钢表面双辉等离子渗锆的动力学

利用双辉等离子渗金属技术在0Cr18Ni9Ti奥氏体不锈钢表面制备了一层均匀、致密、呈良好冶金结合的渗锆合金层,并对1 060℃下的渗锆动力学进行了研究。结果表明:随着距锆合金层表面距离的增加,锆元素的含量呈梯度递减,扩散系数逐渐减小,而扩散激活能逐步增大;在1 060℃采用双辉等离子技术渗锆时,渗锆合金层表层的空位密度为2.945×(1012~1013)cm-2,与相同温度下采用常规渗金属工艺相比,提高了1~2个数量级。     

气化炉三维扫描测量与数据处理

以德士古气化炉耐火砖的内壁蚀损检测设备为基础,对采集到的点云数据做了进一步处理.通过对数据的筛选和剔除,实现了数据点的平滑降噪细化和精简.然后利用点云对整、网格划分和分色显示等方法,最终完成了内壁腐蚀情况的三维建模.重点讨论了点云数据的预处理及后处理的方法,并根据内壁耐火砖的腐蚀阈值,提出了一种气化炉内壁腐蚀区域的识别与分割方法.对耐火砖的腐蚀分析、气化炉的生产与维修提供了可靠依据,并在工程应用中获得了一致认可.