单髁膝关节置换术后髌腱长度的变化

目的 研究单髁膝关节置换(UKA)术后的髌腱是否存在有意义的短缩(大于10%),术后髌腱长度变化与膝关节活动度、疼痛、僵硬及功能的关系.方法 自2005年3月～2008年1月,对34例41个膝关节行UKA手术.测量术前及术后8个月以后的髌腱长度和膝关节活动度,进行WOMAC评分.对测量测量数据进行组内及相关性统计学分析.结果 手术前后髌腱长度差异无统计学意义(P<0.01),关节活动度、WOMAC疼痛、僵硬及功能评分有显著性差异(P<0.01).髌腱的长度变化与术后关节活动度、疼痛、僵硬及功能无直线相关关系(P<0.01).结论 UKA手术损伤小,对膝关节生物力学机制干扰轻,值得推广.     

全膝置换术后髌骨髌腱角的变化

目的 研究全膝置换术后相同屈膝角度下矢状位髌骨和髌腱之间的角度变化,及其与术后活动度的关系.方法 材料为2002年5月～2003年12月期间做了初次全膝置换的33个关节(30例),诊断包括29个膝骨关节炎、4个类风湿性关节炎,其中20个关节置换了髌骨.男5例,女25例;年龄平均67.3岁.术前和术后1年摄0°、45°、90°侧位X线片,记录术后1年的活动度,测量术前术后不同屈膝度下的髌骨纵轴和髌韧带的夹角,并进行分析.结果 术后1年在屈膝90°时,髌骨与髌腱的角度较术前增大(P＜0.01).更换髌骨和保留髌骨组术后都发生了相似的角度变化(P＜0.01).术后屈膝90°的髌骨髌腱角和术后活动度呈负相关(r=-0.506,P=0.003).结论 全膝置换术后在屈膝活动时的髌骨髌腱角变化规律发生改变,与置换髌骨无关;术后屈膝90°时髌骨髌腱角的改变幅度与术后活动度限制有关.     

全膝关节置换术后髌骨位置及活动度对全膝关节功能的影响

目的探讨全膝关节置换（TKA）术后患者髌骨位置、活动度的变化以及其对膝关节功能和活动的影响.方法 自1998年9月至2006年6月在上海交大医学院附属第九人民医院收治的205例初次TKA患者中选取资料完整、获得良好随访的51例患者（62个膝关节）,平均随访时间38.7个月,对其进行髌骨高度、倾斜角及侧方移动度进行测量,与术前对照,并与膝关节活动度做相关性统计分析,综合研究髌骨方面对膝关节功能影响的关键因素.结果 （1）TKA术后髌骨高度较术前下降,差别有统计学意义（P〈0.01）,髌骨外翻倾斜角减小;（2）髌腱短缩〉 10%时,其短缩程度与膝关节活动度呈负相关（r=-0.79,P〈0.01）;（3）髌骨活动度与膝关节活动度呈正相关（r=0.53,P〈0.01）.结论 （1）TKA术后髌韧带存在一定程度的短缩,髌骨不存在明显外翻;（2）髌骨位置及髌骨活动度影响膝关节功能：当髌腱短缩〉10%时,髌骨位置越低,膝关节活动度越小,膝关节功能越差;髌骨活动度越差,膝关节活动度越小.     

在全膝关节置换术中保留和切除髌下脂肪垫对髌腱长度的影响

目的 研究在初次全膝关节置换术中,保留和切除髌下脂肪垫对髌腱长度的影响.方法 将67例骨性关节炎患者(99膝),分为A、B两组.A组为保留髌下脂肪垫组(51膝),B组为切除髌下脂肪垫组(48膝).拍摄膝关节X-ray侧位片:患者仰卧位,半屈膝(＞30°),并确认髌腱为紧张状态.于膝关节侧位片上定位髌骨下极髌腱附丽点和胫骨结节上方凹陷,测量其两点直线长度,即为髌腱长度.测量术前及术后随访时髌腱的长度.结果 A组术前及术后随访时髌腱的长度差异无统计学意义,B组术前及术后随访时髌腱的长度差异有统计学意义(t检验,P=0.0083).结论 在全膝关节置换术中,切除髌下脂肪垫是引起髌腱短缩的重要因素之一,已成为全膝关节置换术后的潜在的、难以察觉的并发症.     

全膝关节置换术中髌骨假体内置的临床研究

目的探讨髌骨置换时髌骨假体内置对髌股关节运动轨迹的影响。方法2001年9月～2002年3月48例(75膝)行全膝关节置换患者,采用髌骨假体内置的方法置换髌骨,并在术中髌骨置换前后测试髌股关节运动轨迹,术后对患者进行随访。观察髌骨假体安放位置对髌股关节运动轨迹及术后关节功能的影响。结果75膝术中胫骨、股骨截骨完成并安装试模后测试髌股关节运动轨迹,69膝可达到“nothumbtest”,髌骨内置2～5mm后再次测试仍全部达到“nothumbtest”;余6膝未达到“nothumbtest”,经髌骨内置4～8mm后5膝达到,1膝经髌外侧支持带松解最终实现“nothumbtest”。术后经12～18个月随访,膝关节活动度平均为116.5°(95°～125°)。无一例出现髌骨脱位、半脱位、髌骨坏死、髌骨骨折、髌腱撕脱、髌骨不稳以及皮肤坏死等并发症。结论在全膝关节置换术中,髌骨假体内置可有效地改善髌股关节运动轨迹,减少对髌外侧支持带松解的需求,降低髌骨相关的并发症。     

人工全膝关节置换术中髌骨置换的临床研究

目的通过与非髌骨置换比较,探讨髌骨置换对人工全膝关节置换术疗效的影响。方法将2010年9月-11月符合选择标准的63例(63膝)拟行人工全膝关节置换术的骨关节炎患者随机分为两组,其中32例关节置换术中行髌骨置换(置换组),31例不作置换(非置换组)。两组患者性别、年龄、病程、骨关节炎分级、美国膝关节协会评分系统(KSS)标准临床评分及关节功能评分、髌骨评分、髌骨倾斜角、胫股角及髌韧带比值等一般资料比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),具有可比性。术后6周及3、6、12个月对疗效进行临床及影像学评定。结果两组患者术后切口均Ⅰ期愈合,置换组6例、非置换组8例出现下肢深静脉血栓形成。患者均获12个月随访。置换组术后3、6、12个月时膝前疼痛发生率均低于非置换组(P<0.05)。两组术后各时间点KSS临床评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);除术后6周及3个月,其余各时间点置换组关节功能评分明显高于非置换组(P<0.05)。两组髌骨评分除术后12个月外,其余各时间点组间比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。X线片复查示,两组均无髌骨骨折、髌骨脱位、髌骨不稳、假体松动及断裂发生;术后12个月两组股胫角、髌韧带比值、髌骨倾斜角比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论人工全膝关节置换术中行髌骨置换可以一定程度改善膝关节功能评分、髌骨评分及降低术后膝前疼痛的发生率。     

全膝关节置换术中髌骨置换与髌骨成形对膝关节功能的影响

 目的 探讨髌骨置换与髌骨成形对全膝关节置换术后膝关节功能的影响。方法 对2010年8月至11月拟行全膝关节置换术的48例(69膝)膝关节骨关节炎患者进行随机分组,髌骨置换组24例(35膝)、髌骨成形组24例(34膝)。两组患者年龄、体重、身高、体重指数、美国膝关节协会(Knee Society Score,KSS)膝评分及功能评分、髌骨评分的差异均无统计学意义。比较两组术后6周、3个月、6个月、12个月、24个月的KSS膝评分及功能评分、髌骨评分、术后膝前痛发生率及影像学表现。结果 髌骨置换组20例(30膝)与髌骨成形组20例(29膝)获得随访。术后各时点两组KSS膝评分的差异无统计学意义;6个月以后髌骨置换组KSS功能评分高于髌骨成形组,12个月以后髌骨置换组髌骨评分高于髌骨成形组,差异有统计学意义。术后各时点髌骨置换组膝前痛发生率与髌骨成形组的差异有统计学意义。术后24个月髌骨置换组与髌骨成形组术后胫股角(174.25°±0.97°与173.63°±0.48°)、髌韧带比值(1.01±0.09与1.09±0.07)、髌骨倾斜角(4.58°±0.18°与4.41°±0.19°)、髌骨适合角(2.69°±4.15°与2.56°±3.72°)、髌骨移位距离[(1.53±1.34) mm与(1.68±1.23) mm]的差异均无统计学意义。结论 全膝关节置换术中行髌骨置换可以改善膝关节和髌骨功能,降低术后膝前痛的发生率。     

人工全膝关节置换术治疗膝关节伸直位强直畸形

目的探讨膝关节伸直位强直畸形患者行人工全膝关节置换术的手术要点和术后效果。方法1996年1月至2006年6月,对8例（9膝）膝关节伸直位强直畸形患者行人工全膝关节置换术。术前膝关节活动度均为0°,KSS膝关节评分平均为44分（10～68分）,功能评分平均为17分（-10～55分）。结果8例患者（9膝）围手术期出现的并发症包括髌腱止点撕脱1膝,髌骨下极部分撕脱骨折1膝,术后早期关节血肿1膝,皮肤浅表性感染1膝,经对症治疗后所有患者均治愈出院。术后平均随访40．4个月（7．0～120．0个月）,术后膝关节平均活动度89°（50°～120°）,术后KSS膝关节评分平均为81分（55～93分）,功能评分平均为79分（50～90分）。2例2膝分别存在5°和25°的伸展滞缺。1例1膝因为关节不稳于术后1年行翻修术,更换加厚的胫骨平台垫片。结论膝关节伸直位强直畸形患者行人工全膝关节置换术难度大,并发症发生率较高,但如能恰当处理,仍可以取得较满意的临床效果。术中膝关节的充分暴露,保留足够的髌骨床厚度,保护髌腱和膝关节的血液供应以及正确的软组织平衡技术是手术的关键。     

膝关节骨关节炎患者初次全膝关节置换术中选择髌骨置换的Meta分析

目的探讨膝关节骨关节炎(OA)进行初次全膝关节置换术(TKA)中选择髌骨置换与否的疗效,评价两种不同治疗选择的差异。方法检索Medline、Embase、Cochranelibrary、CBM,收集膝关节OA行初次TKA术中髌骨置换与否的临床对照试验,提取数据分析,采用RevMan5.0.18进行Meta分析。结果纳入8个前瞻性随机对照试验,共822例手术,其中髌骨置换组373例,髌骨非置换组444例。髌骨置换与非置换组比较,前膝痛与KSS评分均无明显的统计学意义(P0.5),置换组的因髌股关节问题而再次手术率低于非置换组[RR=0.53,95%CI(0.29,0.96),P=0.04],但置换组再次手术的原因除了常见的前膝痛,还包括髌骨假体相关的并发症。结论膝关节OA的患者行初次TKA术中选择髌骨置换与否的前膝痛与KSS评分无明显的统计学意义,置换组的因髌股关节问题再次手术率低于非置换组,但置换组再次手术的复杂性大于非置换组。     

Risk factors for patellar clunk syndrome after total knee arthroplasty without patellar surface replacement北大核心CSCD

目的分析非髌骨表面置换的全膝关节置换术(TKA)后髌骨弹响综合征的危险因素。方法回顾性分析2020年6月至2021年6月山西医科大学第二医院关节科行TKA治疗的222例患者资料。男43例,女179例;类风湿关节炎38例,关节炎184例。根据术后有无发生髌骨弹响综合征分为髌骨弹响综合征组(n=56)和非髌骨弹响综合征组(n=166),TKA术后早期髌骨弹响综合征的发生率为25.2%(56/222)。记录患者性别、关节炎类型、假体类型(PS假体和CR假体)、术后膝关节活动度、术后髌骨厚度、Insall-Salvati指数、术后关节线高度、术后下肢肌力分级、胫骨平台至髌腱距离等,并通过单因素分析和logistic分析确定髌骨弹响综合征的危险因素。结果单因素分析结果显示两组假体类型、术后关节线高度、术后下肢肌力分级、胫骨平台至髌腱距离差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。logistic分析结果显示:PS假体相对CR假体是独立危险因素(OR=2.791,95%CI:1.411~5.521,P=0.003),下肢肌力分级提高是独立保护因素(OR=0.295,95%CI:0.148~0.587,P=0.001)。结论非髌骨表面置换的TKA后髌骨弹响综合征发病率相对较高,PS假体相对CR假体是独立危险因素,而术后下肢肌力分级的提高是独立保护因素,TKA术后肌力的恢复与加强需要引起重视。     

Selective patellar nonresurfacing in total knee arthroplasty. 10 year results.

Patella nonresurfacing in total knee arthroplasty was reviewed retrospectively in 49 knees (42 patients). Thirteen patients (17 knees) died leaving 29 patients (32 knees) in the final study group. The minimum length of followup was 10 years and averaged 11.7 years (range, 10-13.4 years). The diagnosis was primary osteoarthritis in 26 knees, posttraumatic arthritis in four, osteonecrosis in one, and Paget's disease in one. Patients were evaluated using the Knee Society score, a patella score, and radiographs. The mean Knee Society score improved from 52.8 to 87.5 points postoperatively and functional score improved from 57.5 to 84.5 points postoperatively. Anterior knee pain was reported in six knees (20%). Only one patient required secondary resurfacing of the patella because of postoperative anterior knee pain. No significant correlation was found between anterior knee pain and patellofemoral joint space, patellar sclerosis, Insall-Salvati ratio, patellar tilt, gender, obesity, or age. Based on the need for secondary patellar resurfacing because of anterior knee pain, the 10-year survival was 97.5%. At minimum 10-year followup, retaining the patella in total knee arthroplasty in selected patients with osteoarthritis of the osteoarthritic knee can yield acceptable results.     

髌骨置换与否对全膝关节置换术后疗效的影响

目的 探讨膝骨关节炎患者行全膝关节表面置换时髌骨置换与否对术后疗效及并发症发生的影响.方法 对2007年1月至2011年12月之间行人工全膝关节置换术的170例(237膝)骨关节炎患者,按髌骨置换(126膝)和未置换(111膝)分为2组.对术前和末次随访时两组的HSS评分、膝前痛评分、膝关节活动度、最大屈曲度数、屈曲畸形及手术时情况和患者满意度等进行对比分析.结果使用SPSS 17.0统计软件包进行统计学分析.结果 在170例(237膝)OA患者中161例(21 3膝)获得随访,平均随访时间(40.94±8.02)个月,置换组HSS评分由术前的(40.19±8.14)分增加到末次随访时的(87.45±6.00)分(P＜0.05),膝前痛评分由(4.13±1.08)分升高到(19.47±4.04)分(P＜0.05);未置换组HSS评分由(40.00±6.74)分上升到(88.93±4.92)分(P＜0.05),膝前痛评分由(3.58±2.26)分变化到(13.61±3.89)分(P＜0.05);患者满意度置换组为80.91％,未置换组为61.17％(P＜0.05).在HSS评分、膝关节活动度、最大屈曲度数、屈曲畸形等方面两组差异无统计学意义.而在膝前痛评分、患者满意度、手术时间、术中失血量等方面差异有统计学意义.结论 当膝关节骨关节炎患者进行全膝关节置换术时,若术前存在膝关节疼痛严重、患者期望较高、不适合长时间手术,应行髌骨置换.     

全膝关节置换术中髌骨面修整与髌骨置换的比较研究

目的比较全膝关节置换术髌骨面修整和髌骨置换的临床结果。方法2002年1月至12月对60例（60膝）行初次全膝关节置换术的骨性关节炎患者进行前瞻性、随机化研究。所有患者接受相同的后交叉韧带替代型全膝关节假体（PFC）,患者随机行髌骨面修整（髌骨面修整组）或髌骨置换（髌骨置换组）。58例患者平均随访54个月（40～60个月）,对其进行临床评价,包括膝关节协会评分（KSS）、膝关节活动度（ROM）、患者满意度和X线检查。结果两组患者KSS总评分（P=0．12）、KSS疼痛评分（P=0．90）、患者满意度（P=0．22）无明显差异;两组术后膝前痛的发生率均为10％亦无明显差异。两组ROM（P=0．028）和KSS功能评分（P=0．0098）差异有统计学意义。结论全膝关节置换术不论是髌骨面修整还是髌骨置换均能明显减轻疼痛和改善功能。术后膝前痛可能与假体设计和手术技术有关,并非与是否置换髌骨有关。     

Patellar resurfacing in total knee arthroplasty. A prospective,randomized study

BACKGROUND: Anterior knee pain following total knee arthroplasty is a common complaint and typically is attributed to the patellofemoral joint. The purpose of the present study was to compare the outcome of resurfacing and nonresurfacing of the patella, particularly with regard to anterior knee pain, and to clarify the indications for patellar resurfacing at the time of total knee arthroplasty. METHODS: We performed a prospective, randomized study of 514 consecutive primary press-fit condylar total knee replacements. The patients were randomized to either resurfacing or retention of the patella. They were also randomized to either a cruciate-substituting or a cruciate-retaining prosthesis as part of a separate trial. The mean duration of follow-up was 5.3 years (range, two to 8.5 years), and the patients were assessed with use of the Knee Society rating, a clinical anterior knee pain score, and the British Orthopaedic Association patient-satisfaction score. The assessment was performed without the examiner knowing whether the patella had been resurfaced. At the time of follow-up, there were 474 knees. Thirty-five patients who had a bilateral knee replacement underwent resurfacing on one side only. RESULTS: The overall prevalence of anterior knee pain was 25.1% (fifty-eight of 231 knees) in the nonresurfacing group, compared with 5.3% (thirteen of 243 knees) in the resurfacing group (p < 0.0001). There was one case of component loosening. Ten of eleven patients who underwent secondary resurfacing had complete relief of anterior knee pain. The overall postoperative knee scores were lower in the nonresurfacing group, and the difference was significant among patients with osteoarthritis (p < 0.01). There was no significant difference between the resurfacing and nonresurfacing groups with regard to the postoperative function score. Patients who had a bilateral knee replacement were more likely to prefer the resurfaced side. CONCLUSIONS: As the present study showed a significantly higher rate of anterior knee pain following arthroplasty without patellar resurfacing, we recommend patellar resurfacing at the time of total knee replacement when technically possible.     

Systematic review of patellar resurfacing in total knee arthroplasty

Controversies existing over resurfacing the patella in total knee arthroplasty remain in the literature. The purpose of this review was to evaluate the effectiveness of resurfacing versus nonresurfacing the patella in total knee arthroplasty. We searched the Cochrane Library, MEDLINE and EMBASE for published randomised clinical trials relevant to patellar resurfacing. The relative risk of reoperation was significantly lower for the patellar resurfacing group than for the nonresurfacing group (relative risk 0.57, 95% confidence interval 0.38–0.84, P = 0.004). The overall incidence of postoperative anterior knee pain of the 1,421 knees included was 12.9% in the patellar resurfacing group and 24.1% in the nonresurfacing group. The existing evidence indicates that patellar resurfacing can reduce the risk of reoperation with no improvement in postoperative knee function or patient satisfaction over total knee arthroplasty without patellar resurfacing. Whether it can decrease the incidence of anterior knee pain remains uncertain.     

Factors affecting range of flexion after total knee arthroplasty

Many factors affect postoperative range of flexion after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). The purpose of this study was to identify the most important factors that affect range of knee flexion after TKA. Sixty-five patients (73 knees) were treated with Genesis II knee replacements. Minimum follow-up was 2 years. Patient demographics (sex, age, body mass index, previous surgery, component type, patella resurfacing, preoperative Knee Society score preoperative range of motion) and radiographic measurements (preoperative tibiofemoral varus/valgus angle, height of the joint line, length of the patellar tendon, shift and tilt angle of the patella) were analyzed statistically. Among these factors, preoperative range of flexion, positively, and preoperative varus/valgus tibiofemoral angle, negatively, affected postoperative range of flexion. The tilt angle of the patella and the tilt angle of the patellar button approached statistical significance in revealing a negative relation with postoperative range of flexion. TKAs in which the patella was not resurfaced tended to lose range of flexion, whereas TKAs in which the patella was resurfaced tended to have no loss of flexion, although the number of TKAs in which the patella was not resurfaced was small. In conclusion, preoperative range of flexion and preoperative varus/valgus tibiofemoral angle affected postoperative range of flexion. The tilt angle of the patella and tilt angle of the patellar button may be factors that affect postoperative range of flexion. Received: September 28, 2000 / Accepted: January 9, 2001     

Patellar Resurfacing in Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials

BackgroundThe management of the patella during total knee arthroplasty (TKA) remains controversial. The aim of this study is to evaluate the evidence regarding the use of patellar resurfacing in TKA.MethodsA meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was performed to compare outcomes between knees receiving patellar resurfacing vs those not receiving resurfacing during primary TKA. Outcomes of interest were the Knee Society Scores, reoperation rates, anterior knee pain, patient satisfaction, Oxford Knee Score, Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score subscores, and range of motion.ResultsTwenty RCTs met all eligibility criteria and were included in the analysis. There were statistically significant differences favoring the resurfaced group in the knee component and functional component of Knee Society Scores that were not clinically significant. There was an increased risk of reoperation among knees that did not receive resurfacing with number needed to treat to prevent one case of reoperation of 25 knees (for reoperation for any reason) and 33 knees (for reoperation for anterior knee pain). There were no statistically significant differences in any other outcomes.ConclusionThe only clear relationship is that knees that do not receive patellar resurfacing are more likely to receive reoperation, most often for secondary resurfacing. However, the disease burden of differing complication profiles associated with resurfacing and nonresurfacing groups remains unclear. Continuing to collect data from large, well-designed RCTs would be beneficial in guiding management of the patella during TKA.