新型高硬高碱水缓蚀阻垢剂TH-658B的应用性能

针对华北、西北等地补充水硬度、碱度高,浓缩后极易引起结垢和腐蚀的难题,开发了高硬、高碱水缓蚀阻垢剂TH-658B。采用静态阻碳酸钙垢试验、阻硫酸钙垢试验、梯度浓缩试验等研究了TH-658B的性能。结果表明,相同的药剂浓度,TH-658B的碳酸钙阻垢率均高于ATMP和HEDP;且TH-658B的碳酸钙和硫酸钙阻垢率均符合Q/SY 126-2007要求;TH-658B可以使高硬、高碱水浓缩至钙硬总碱之和大于1500 mg/L而不会导致系统结垢。此外,参照GB/T 18175-2000,在TH-658B的存在下,高硬、高碱配水(>1 500 mg/L)中的碳钢、不锈钢和铜的腐蚀速率分别为0.036、0.0018、0.0012 mm/a,均符合GB 50050-2007的要求。通过华北一电厂的现场应用,证明了TH-658B对高硬、高碱,特别是钙硬总碱之和达到1500 mg/L以上的高浓缩倍率循环水系统具有良好的缓蚀和阻垢效果。     

衣康酸改性聚环氧琥珀酸的合成及其阻垢缓蚀性能的研究

目的为了拓宽聚环氧琥珀酸(PESA)的应用范围,合成了衣康酸改性聚环氧琥珀酸衍生物(IA-PESA),拟提高PESA的阻垢缓蚀性能。方法用顺酐合成环氧琥珀酸(ESA)和聚环氧琥珀酸(PESA),再利用ESA与衣康酸(IA)聚合制得IA-PESA,研究了IA-PESA的阻垢和缓蚀等综合性能。用FT-IR对PESA和IA-PESA进行表征。用黏度法测定了PESA和IA-PESA的分子量。结果在静态阻垢实验中,对CaCO_3阻垢率达到90%以上,对CaSO_4阻垢率高达95%,甚至100%。IA-PESA分散Fe(Ⅲ)和稳定Zn~(2+)性能明显好于PESA。在静态失重实验中,当IA-PESA与PESA的用量均为150 mg/L时,加IA-PESA的腐蚀速率明显小于加PESA的腐蚀速率。对钙垢和腐蚀试片的SEM研究表明,IA-PESA使致密度较高、晶格结构规整的CaCO_3和CaSO_4钙垢改变为致密度较低、疏松、形状不规整的晶型结构。IA-PESA使试片未发生均匀腐蚀和点蚀,表面光滑。结论在相同测试条件下,IA-PESA的阻垢、缓蚀、分散Fe(Ⅲ)和稳定锌性能都好于PESA,改变了设备表面钙垢的晶型结构,减少了垢下腐蚀,缓蚀作用明显。     

乙醇胺改性聚环氧琥珀酸衍生物的合成及其阻垢缓蚀性能

目的为了改变绿色阻垢剂聚环氧琥珀酸(PESA)单一性的功能结构,合成乙醇胺改性的多功能聚环氧琥珀酸衍生物(MEA-PESA),以提高PESA阻垢缓蚀性能,并证明MEA-PESA阻垢缓蚀机理。方法顺酐通过环化反应得到环氧琥珀酸(ESA),再通过聚合反应得到PESA,通过PESA与乙醇胺(MEA)氨解缩合,反应得到MEA-PESA,通过红外光谱(FTIR)、核磁氢谱(HNMR)表征了PESA和MEA-PESA的结构。利用电化学极化曲线研究了MEA-PESA的缓蚀机理。结果 MEA-PESA合成的最佳条件:聚环氧琥珀酸与乙醇胺的质量比为10∶7,改性温度为80℃,改性时间为2 h,搅拌速率为1500 r/min。当MEA-PESA的质量浓度为16 mg/L,阻碳酸钙可达95%,阻磷酸钙可达97%;MEA-PESA的质量分数为150 mg/L时,缓蚀率可达73%,比等浓度PESA提高了12%。利用扫描电镜和红外光谱对钙垢的晶型进行了考察,谱图峰值发生移动,出现不稳定结构的峰,稳定结构的峰减小,电镜图中的晶型结构由紧密变得疏松。MEA-PESA为抑制阳极反应为主的混合型缓蚀剂,腐蚀电流减小,腐蚀电位增大。结论在相同的阻垢、缓蚀实验条件下,MEA-PESA阻碳酸钙、磷酸钙和缓蚀性能都优于PESA,极大地拓宽了PESA的应用范围。     

含磺酸盐类多元共聚物的合成及阻垢性能研究

以丙烯酸（AA）、2-丙烯酰胺-2-甲基丙磺酸（AMPS）、丙烯酸羟丙酯（HPA）和次磷酸钠为单体,过硫酸铵为引发剂,合成多元共聚物阻垢剂,考察了共聚物阻垢性能与合成条件的关系,得出最佳合成条件。静态阻垢试验表明,该共聚物在高pH、高硬、高碱度的水质条件下,阻CaCO3、Ca3（PO4）2和锌垢的效果优于丙烯酸／丙烯酸羟丙酯、丙烯酸／有机磺酸类共聚物。     

油田采出水处理复合阻垢缓蚀剂的研究

目的制备一种高效、复合型的油田采出水处理阻垢缓蚀剂。方法以二己烯三胺五亚甲基膦酸、磺酸基共聚物和钨酸钠为原料复配成复合阻垢缓蚀剂,通过静态阻垢试验和动态腐蚀试验,研究复合阻垢缓蚀剂的防垢和缓蚀效果与其质量浓度的关系,考察絮凝剂、杀菌剂及缓蚀剂等水处理剂对防垢效果的影响。结果在油田采出水处理中,阻垢缓蚀剂最佳质量浓度为30 mg/L,此时的阻垢率>95%,腐蚀速率为0.0696 mm/a。油田采出水中过量的絮凝剂及季铵盐1227杀菌剂会造成阻垢率降低,咪唑啉缓蚀剂对阻垢率有增效作用,异噻唑啉酮杀菌剂对阻垢率影响较小。结论该复合阻垢缓蚀剂生产制备简单,阻垢和缓蚀性能优良。     

PASP阻垢缓蚀剂缓蚀机理研究

绿色化是21世纪水处理药剂的发展方向,以聚天冬氨酸为代表的绿色水处理剂因此成为了研究的热门。目前对有机阻垢缓蚀剂的阻垢缓蚀机理研究还处于初步的假说阶段。本文采用尿素和马来酸酐为原料合成聚天冬氨酸,然后根据实验的一些情况对聚天冬氨酸的缓蚀机理进行了一些讨论。     

缓释性固体阻垢剂的研制与应用

采用可溶性的固体有机物作为载体,将有机膦和聚羧酸盐系列的阻垢剂溶于其中,制成缓释性固体防垢阻垢剂(体)。经试验其阻垢率为94.44%,将其用于大庆油田三元复合驱采油系统有很好的效果。也可用于中小型锅炉水的软化。     

一种新型中央空调绿色水处理剂的性能

采用静态阻垢法和旋转挂片法通过筛选得到了一种适宜中央空调循环冷却水处理的绿色复合型水处理剂。利用扫描电镜对形成的垢样进行形貌观察,采用电化学方法分析了复合药剂的缓蚀机理。结果表明:当PESA、PAAS、BTA、SDBS的复配质量比为8∶2∶5∶25时,复合药剂的阻垢缓蚀效果最佳,最佳加药量为80mg/L,此时,复合药剂的阻垢率大于90%,对A3碳钢和T2紫铜的缓蚀率分别达到91.13%、88.61%。     

FeS垢防垢剂的评价方法与筛选应用

南海西部某油田上部设施水处理系统由于FeS结垢导致水体发黑。建立了FeS垢的实验室和现场筛选评价方法。以5种基础防垢剂为原料,对单一防垢剂及复配防垢剂的防垢效果进行了评价,通过评价筛选出FeS垢专用防垢剂。结果表明：以有机膦酸盐(A)、聚合物膦酸盐(B)、EDTA(C)、有机酸螯合剂(E)4种防垢剂为基础的复配防垢剂具有最佳的防垢效果,可以有效地抑制FeS的产生;当添加量为20 mg/L(5 mg/L A+5 mg/L B+5 mg/L C+5 mg/L E)时,在实验室和现场试验中其防垢效率分别达到了92.17%和91.25%。     

HSZ－1缓蚀阻垢剂的研制与应用

以咪唑啉改性剂、聚马来酸酐、助剂等为原料经调整配比合成试验，研制出一种具有缓蚀阻垢性能的药剂。该产品除了具有较好的缓蚀和阻垢效果外，还具有水溶性好、与其它水处理药剂配伍性能好的优点，经过现场试验取得了良好的效果。     

表面活性剂对纳米氧化物分散稳定性的影响

采用分光光度计研究了表面活性剂对纳米Al2O3颗粒在电刷镀液中分散稳定性的影响.试验结果表明,表面活性剂聚乙二醇2000,磷酸二氢钠,乙酸铵,聚羧酸铵和柠檬酸三铵的添加对纳米Al2O3粒子在特快镍电刷镀液中的分散稳定效果不同,其中柠檬酸三铵的分散效果在单一表面活性剂中效果最佳,而表面活性剂的复合添加,分散稳定效果更好.电刷镀层显微硬度结果表明,添加表面活性剂不仅能提高纳米粒子的分散稳定性,而且能提高纳米电刷镀层的显微硬度.     

不同pH值的浸泡液对水门汀溶解性的影响

选用人工唾液、去离子水和乳酸3种不同pH值的浸泡液模拟人体口腔环境,将玻璃离子水门汀、聚羧酸锌水门汀和磷酸锌水门汀分别浸泡7 d.采取Paffenbarger重量法测定水门汀浸泡前后质量的改变,计算材料的溶解率.结果表明:玻璃离子水门汀在人工唾液、去离子水和乳酸溶液中的溶解率分别为:0.11%、0.14%、1.68%;聚羧酸锌水门汀为:0.48%、0.59%、2.80%;磷酸锌水门汀为:0.67%、1.01%、3.02%;3种水门汀溶解性大小为:玻璃离子水门汀＜聚羧酸锌水门汀＜磷酸锌水门汀.各浸泡液中,3种水门汀之间的溶解率有显著差异(P＜0.05);玻璃离子水门汀在去离子水和人工唾液中的溶解率无显著差异(P＞0.05),并保持较低的溶解率,其他2种水门汀在3种浸泡液中的溶解率都有显著差异(P＜0.05);3种水门汀在乳酸溶液中的溶解率都明显高于其他2种浸泡液中的溶解率(P＜0.05),而且磷酸锌水门汀的溶解率明显高于其他2种水门汀.3种水门汀在不同pH值下溶解性变化规律一致,浸泡液pH值对水门汀的溶解性具有明显的影响.     

磷酸盐涂层研究进展及其应用

随着世界环保压力与节能压力的剧增,绿色涂层已经成为金属腐蚀防护的发展趋势.磷酸盐涂层是一种机械强度高、热稳定性好、耐腐蚀且无毒环保的无机涂层.相较于金属涂层和无机硅涂层,磷酸盐涂层因其制备方法简便以及特殊的性能优势,受到越来越多的关注,在建筑、汽车、航海、航空航天、医疗等领域已取得广泛运用.分别介绍了反应固化型磷酸盐涂层和磷酸盐转化膜.首先阐述了反应固化型磷酸盐涂料的组成,包括胶黏剂、固化剂、功能填料和其他添加剂,并分别介绍了胶黏剂的合成及配比研究、固化剂的固化机理和选择、功能填料的选择对性能的影响以及其他添加剂对涂料整体性能和实用方面的影响.然后对磷酸盐转化膜这类特殊的磷酸盐涂层的成膜机理以及常用磷化液组成进行了介绍.成膜机理主要包括基体的电化学溶解、磷酸盐的结晶和成长、磷酸盐转化膜溶解与形成之间的动态平衡三个步骤.磷化液包括锌系、铁系、钙系、锰系磷化液以及它们之间的组合.此外,总结了磷酸盐涂层在防腐蚀、耐高温和一些其他性能方面的应用现状.最后对磷酸盐涂层今后的发展趋势进行了展望,指出磷酸盐涂层在航空航天和石油化工等领域的研究重点.     

Growth and corrosion resistance of molybdate modified zinc phosphate conversion coatings on hot-dip galvanized steel

The modified zinc phosphate conversion coatings（ZPC） were formed on hot-dip galvanized（HDG） steel when 1.0 g/L sodium molybdate were added in a traditional zinc phosphate solution. The growth performance and corrosion resistance of the modified ZPC were investigated by SEM, open circuit potential（OCP）, mass gain, potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy（EIS） measurements and compared with those of the traditional ZPC. The results show that if sodium molybdate is added in a traditional zinc phosphate solution, the nucleation of zinc phosphate crystals is increased obviously; zinc phosphate crystals are changed from bulky acicular to fine flake and a more compact ZPC is obtained. Moreover, the mass gain and coverage of the modified ZPC are also boosted. The corrosion resistance of ZPC is increased with an increase in coverage, and thus the corrosion protection ability of the modified ZPC for HDG steel is more outstanding than that of the traditional ZPC.     

高效低膦复合型缓蚀阻垢剂的研制

Taking organic phosphonic acid, organic phosphono carboxylic acid, surfactant, and sale with zinc as main material, a new organic multicomposite scale and corrosion inhibitor was complexed. Petrochemical company after the circulating cooling water in the depth of treatment as the media, the corrosion inhibition rate and scale inhibition rate were determined by rotation coupon corrosion and calcium carbonate precipitation methods, then six kinds of composice scale and corrosion inhibiton formnala were choisen. The comparison results to merchant products show that the corrosion inhibiton rate and scale inhibition rale of six corrosion and scale inhinbitors are more than 95% , and scale inhibition rale for calcium carbonale is 95% or more. The corrosion inhibition and scale inhibition performances of the high efficent and environmental protection inhibition are more excellent than that of merchant products.     

Characterisation of phosphate coatings obtained using nitric acid free phosphate solution on three steel substrates: An option to simulate TMT rebars surfaces

Phosphate coatings have been obtained on three steel substrates, (a) ferritic-pearlitic (F-P), (b) tempered martensitic (T-M) and (c) tempered martensitic containing oxide scale (T-M-O) at the top to simulate TMT (thermo mechanical treatment) rebar surfaces which are extensively used for composite concrete structure. Nitric acid free phosphate solution was used for the coating purpose. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), glow discharge optical emission spectrometry (GDOES) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques were used to characterise phosphate coatings. Acicular phosphate microstructure was obtained on T-M-O and T-M steel substrates, whereas coarser phosphate microstructure was obtained on F-P steel substrate. Thinner to thicker coatings were obtained on F-P, T-M and T-M-O steel substrates respectively. Oxide scale, on the T-M-O steel substrate promoted for deposition of phosphate compounds and thereby obtained thickest coating on T-M-O steel substrate. Zinc phosphate (hopeite) on T-M-O steel substrate and zinc phosphate (spencerite) on F-P steel substrate were detected as main phosphate respectively, whereas both zinc phosphates (hopeite and speccerite) on T-M steel substrate were detected in the same proportion. In addition to zinc phosphate, zinc iron phosphate (phosphophyllite) was detected on F-P and T-M steel substrates, whereas iron phosphate (beraunite) was detected on T-M-O steel substrate. A comparative performance against corrosion of all the phosphate coated steel substrates was evaluated by salt spray, Tafel and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) studies. Test for extended exposure in open atmosphere as well as simulated highly humid condition were also conducted to identify coating performance. Phosphate coated T-M-O steel substrate showed 4-5 times improved resistance against corrosion than the phosphate coated F-P steel substrate. The bond strength of coated steel substrate with concrete was increased 2-26% for phosphate coating on T-M-O and T-M steel substrates while the same was decreased 4-12% for phosphate coating on F-P steel substrate.     

低磷低锌复合阻垢缓蚀剂JA-211B在炼铁高炉净循环冷却水中的应用

文章报道了宝钢集团上海梅山钢铁股份有限公司2^#炼铁高炉净循环冷却水用低磷低锌阻垢缓蚀剂JA-211B的试验开发和应用情况。经现场应用1年,从停炉体风打开水冷设备检查情况表明,JA-211B取得了很好的阻垢、缓蚀效果。     

锈蚀输电铁塔涂装体系耐蚀性

采用磷化技术处理锈蚀输电铁塔,并在此基础上设计出与磷化液配套的防腐蚀涂装体系。试验结果表明,使用磷化技术处理锈蚀铁塔时,磷化液在锈蚀金属表面形成致密磷酸盐膜,清洗、锈层转化、锌层磷化以及表面调整可以一步完成;配制的涂装体系中,以有机涂料为底漆的涂装体系与磷化液配套使用机械性能与耐蚀性能良好。     

水性环氧防腐涂料研究

目的研制具有优异防腐性能的水性环氧类防腐蚀涂料。方法采用水性环氧树脂乳液与水性环氧固化剂聚酰胺作为成膜树脂,异丙醇、丙二醇甲醚作为助成膜剂,湿法绢云母、重晶石粉、滑石粉作为填料,防锈颜料体系采用氧化铁红、三聚磷酸铝、磷酸锌,并在涂料体系中添加防闪锈剂、去离子水、分散剂、消泡剂、防沉剂,经过高速分散、研磨制成水性环氧防腐涂料。通过物理机械性能试验,耐酸、碱、盐溶液浸泡和耐中性盐雾试验,测试涂层的综合性能。结果涂层的附着力、柔韧性和耐冲击性能分别达到1级、1 mm和50 cm。涂层的耐酸性(5%H_2SO_4,168 h)、耐碱性(5%NaOH,168 h)、耐盐水性(3%NaCl,30 d)和耐盐雾性能(按GB/T 1771—2007,1000 h)良好,各试样完成后,涂层完好。结论成膜树脂采用环氧当量为500±50的水性环氧树脂乳液与聚酰胺类水性环氧固化剂,控制环氧基与活泼氢当量配比为1:1,颜料体积浓度为30%,并使用三聚磷酸铝、磷酸锌与氧化铁红复配作为防锈颜料,所制备的涂层有优良的物理机械性能和防腐性能。     

Application of the electrochemical noise method to evaluate the effectiveness of modification of zinc phosphate anticorrosion pigment

A variety of approaches have been proposed to achieve an enhancement regarding inhibitive performance of zinc phosphate (ZP) anticorrosion pigment. This work attempts to study behavior of zinc aluminum polyphosphate (ZAPP) representing modified zinc phosphate pigment through electrochemical techniques along with surface analysis. Analysis of the data obtained from electrochemical noise method revealed superiority of ZAPP compared to ZP. The amplitude of the current noise fluctuation and trend of noise resistance variation as well as shot noise theory suggested precipitation of a protective layer in the presence of ZAPP, restricting access of the aggressive species to the steel surface. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was employed to analyze the sample surface exposed to 3.5% NaCl solution containing modified pigment extract.