共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 83 毫秒
1.
2.
黄远东;许冲;刘毅;何祥丽;邵霄怡;赵斌滨;孔小昂 《中国地质灾害与防治学报》2025,36(2):28-42
针对2024年4月广东韶关极端暴雨事件,基于降雨前后高分辨率遥感影像,采用目视解译法提取滑坡边界,并结合实地调查进行验证,构建详细的滑坡编目库(6310 处浅层滑坡),并对其分布特征、几何形态及控制因素进行系统分析。分析结果显示:此次滑坡分布具有显著的空间聚集性,高密度区域呈北东—南西方向集中,面积多集中在102~103 m2的小规模范围内;滑坡的几何形态特征揭示了其流动性与起始高差及长宽比之间的密切关系;高程、坡度、坡向、地形湿度指数等自然地形因子显著影响滑坡的分布与规模,人为活动和河流水动力过程在滑坡触发中也起到关键作用。研究成果不仅深化了对极端降雨触发滑坡机制的理解,还为区域性滑坡防灾减灾和早期预警体系建设提供了科学依据。 相似文献
3.
孙强;刘明军;张泰丽;伍剑波;朱延辉;史洪峰;常晓军 《水文地质工程地质》2024,51(4):197-205
在我国东南沿海地区,台风暴雨诱发了大量山体滑坡。建立诱发台风暴雨型滑坡的降雨阈值模型,可为该地区的滑坡预警提供参考依据。基于浙江省泰顺县2007—2022年以来发生的滑坡信息和日降雨量数据,进行了诱发滑坡的台风暴雨事件编目,初步揭示了台风暴雨型滑坡的发育规律和触发降雨特征,通过降雨强度(I )、降雨历时(D )的幂律关系构建了滑坡临界降雨阈值模型,并开展了不同台风降雨雨型的阈值模型对比。结果表明:台风暴雨型滑坡大量发生在与台风登陆方向接近的迎风坡,坡表植被多为乔木和竹林;诱发滑坡的台风降雨一般持续2~3 d,且降雨过程集中,降雨雨型以单峰型为主,总降雨量一般在200 mm以上;台风暴雨诱发滑坡的降雨阈值显著高于一般性的降雨,这种差异与台风降雨模式及大尺度气候环境有关;雨型也会显著影响降雨阈值,随着降雨峰值的后移,阈值逐渐降低,表明台风暴雨型滑坡对长时间降雨后出现的强降雨事件更加敏感。通过降雨阈值模型对9次台风降雨事件是否诱发滑坡进行了预测,预测结果与实际情况比较吻合,证明该模型及研究思路对台汛期东南沿海的滑坡监测预警有较强的参考价值。 相似文献
4.
5.
刘鹏;吕庆;吴俊宇;马骏;廖忠选;徐兴华;刘正华 《工程地质学报》2025,33(2):531-540
2021年6月10日,浙江省诸暨市西部遭遇突发性暴雨天气,诱发了701处浅层滑坡。本文在滑坡现场调查、滑坡土体室内试验基础上,研发了新型降雨滑坡模型试验装置,开展了降雨滑坡模型试验。通过监测斜坡渗流、径流流量,斜坡位移和土体孔隙水压力等,分析了暴雨作用下浅层斜坡水文响应和变形响应过程,探讨了斜坡土体水文与变形耦合作用启滑机理。结果表明,降雨开始后,斜坡变形、渗流流量、土体孔隙水压力和体积含水率均表现为先增大后不变,随着降雨持续,各项监测指标仍能维持稳定,且斜坡渗流流量与雨水入渗量相同,模型斜坡对较低强度降雨可以稳定响应。随着降雨强度进一步增大,雨水入渗量大于斜坡渗流流量,坡体内积水量持续增加,斜坡出现缓慢蠕滑,蠕滑变形逐渐破坏原有渗流通道,导致坡体渗流排水能力下降,坡内积水速率加快,斜坡水文响应与蠕滑变形耦合作用,最终导致滑坡发生。试验监测数据表明,滑坡发生时,滑面附近土体孔隙水压力激增,滑面土体抗剪强度剧降,土体呈现流态化,坡体剧烈快速滑动随之发生。 相似文献
6.
中国崩塌,滑坡,泥石流成灾特点与减灾对策 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
根据我国崩塌、滑坡、泥石流(简称:崩滑流)成灾特点和防治能力,笔者认为:实行灾害分级管理,推进减灾社会化,是防治崩滑流灾害的根本出路;建立新的减灾体系,必须与深化改革及山区脱贫致富相结合,才能取得成效。 相似文献
7.
水动力型滑坡是指在冰川融雪、降雨、水位变动、地表径流及地下水活动等水动力因素驱动下而发生的斜坡岩土体失稳灾害。西南地区是水动力型滑坡尤其是库区滑坡的高发区,其失稳破坏直接威胁到人类的生命财产和基础设施的安全,且有可能造成深远的次生灾害,提升水动力型滑坡灾害的监测预警、综合防控与应急处置水平极为迫切。水动力型滑坡易发于松散堆积层、破碎岩体、软岩以及含有软弱夹层的斜坡等地层,地质环境、水文活动以及人类活动干扰等因素的长期作用在水动力型滑坡的孕育过程中起着关键作用。斜坡在各种不利因素的持续交替作用下,逐渐产生变形破坏,稳定性不断降低并趋于极限失稳状态,最终在短期水文条件的改变下而导致整体失稳破坏。斜坡失稳后的滑坡动力过程非常复杂,尤其是特大型高位滑坡,在运动过程中可能会产生强烈的冲击破碎和沿程侵蚀铲刮现象,导致滑坡运动性态的改变和堆积方量的增大,水的存在会加剧滑坡沿程侵蚀铲刮作用以及导致运动性态向流态化转变而造成更远的运动距离和更广的致灾范围。水动力型滑坡是一个复杂的系统性问题,不同地质结构和水动力条件的滑坡变形破坏过程存在很大差异,远距离非接触式滑坡早期识别与监测技术以及基于人工智能和大数据且具备自主学习的滑坡预报预警方法是未来重要发展方向。水动力型滑坡防治涉及到工程建设、经济民生、社会等多方面因素,需要综合运用工程措施和非工程措施。在未来水利水电工程建设过程中,应重视库区滑坡的危害性,复建设施的修建应尽可能远离库区滑坡影响区。 相似文献
8.
承灾体易损性定量评估是制约滑坡灾害风险评估研究的瓶颈问题。为此,以滑坡体冲击冲量为致灾强度指标、建筑物整体抗剪力为抗灾性能指标,推导出典型承灾体易损性定量评估模型。在此基础上,考虑滑体运动特征参数随机性对易损性的影响,提出风险曲线和最大风险度指标的概念,以反映滑坡灾害成灾全过程中不确定性对灾害后果的影响。并采用该模型分析了坡体几何特征参数、受灾体空间位置以及受灾体抗灾性能对易损性的影响规律。将风险度指标应用于算例分析,并与以往方法进行了比较,分析发现,建立的易损性定量评估模型可以反映二维简化情况下受灾体毁损程度与各种影响因素之间关系的基本规律,为易损性定量评估提供了一种途径。 相似文献
9.
滑坡是池州最严重的地质灾害.滑坡的形成除与地质条件有关外,降水和人类工程活动是很重要的诱发因素.通过分析大量的滑坡资料和气象(雨量)数据,研究和探讨了滑坡的发生与降水特征之间的关系,发现滑坡的发生与近3天内的降水强度、过程降水总雨量、降水的持续时间等关系十分密切.结合国内邻近省区的分析结论,建立了一个用日综合雨量预测滑坡的数学统计模型,并对池州1995、1998、1999年3次滑坡等重大突发性地质灾害过程进行了检验,效果良好. 相似文献
10.
清江流域是湖北省滑坡高易发区,滑坡灾害频发,造成了较大的经济损失,危害大。该区地质环境复杂,地貌形态以中山为主,河谷深切,岸坡陡峭,构造发育,新构造运动表现为大面积间歇性上升运动; 区内共发育滑坡2843处,其中滑坡2275处,崩塌型滑坡568处,滑坡以小型为主,主要分布在人类工程活动比较频繁的地带。通过统计分析,清江流域滑坡的空间分布规律主要受控于地质环境条件和动力因素,动力因素包括自然动力因素和人为动力因素,前者以降雨为主,后者以切坡为主且日趋发展; 滑坡变形的时间规律主要表现为同发性、滞后性和不稳定的周期性; 滑坡的自身活动规律主要表现为继承性、隐蔽性、突发性和差异性; 针对性地提出了监测预警、搬迁避让、工程治理和地质环境保护等滑坡减灾对策。 相似文献
11.
Landslides and debris flows occurr in China frequently and cause disastrous losses of life and property. The risk assessment of landslides and debris flows and their spatial variations were comparatively analyzed in this paper, which has great significance for disaster prevention. This article selected 1 km×1 km grid as the assessment unit and with support of GIS technique, analyzed landslide and debris-flow risk distribution and their spatial variations from 2000 to 2010. The research results indicated that the spatial distribution of risk classes in 2000 and 2010 was obviously discrepant. Overall, taking the Heihe-Tengchong population density line as the boundary, the west of the line is mainly low risk area; the east of the line is mainly high risk area. Compared with the risk of 2000, the risk values of 2010 increased, with the high risk area and low risk area enlarged, moderate risk area reduced. The moderate risk area is the most unstable and sensitive risk area, and its risk class variation is significant. However, China is not a region with the high risk of landslide and debris-flow hazard at present. In the following next 10 years, the risk of landslides and debris flows in China will continue to increase. 相似文献
12.
Global landslide and avalanche hotspots 总被引:6,自引:7,他引:6
Farrokh Nadim Oddvar Kjekstad Pascal Peduzzi Christian Herold Christian Jaedicke 《Landslides》2006,3(2):159-173
Allocating resources for natural hazard risk management has high priority in development banks and international agencies working in developing countries. Global hazard and risk maps for landslides and avalanches were developed to identify the most exposed countries. Based on the global datasets of climate, lithology, earthquake activity, and topography, areas with the highest hazard, or “hotspots”, were identified. The applied model was based on classed values of all input data. The model output is a landslide and avalanche hazard index, which is globally scaled into nine levels. The model results were calibrated and validated in selected areas where good data on slide events exist. The results from the landslide and avalanche hazard model together with global population data were then used as input for the risk assessment. Regions with the highest risk can be found in Colombia, Tajikistan, India, and Nepal where the estimated number of people killed per year per 100 km2 was found to be greater than one. The model made a reasonable prediction of the landslide hazard in 240 of 249 countries. More and better input data could improve the model further. Future work will focus on selected areas to study the applicability of the model on national and regional scales. 相似文献
13.
This article describes a methodology to analyse debris-flow risk in the torrential watersheds of the southern hillside of
Gargano (Puglia—Italy). The approach integrates a stability model that identifies the areas of potential shallow landslides
in different meteorological conditions with a two-dimensional flood routing model that allows hazard mapping and GIS interface.
The results were combined with a susceptibility map that was defined by analyzing the vulnerability conditions and the exposure
of the alluvial fan. The models were calibrated on the 1972, July catastrophic event for which the distribution of rainstorm
intensity was available. The geo-mechanical properties of the debris were studied by field surveys and laboratory tests while
the sediment source areas and the shape of the alluvial cone were obtained using photo-aerial interpretation. The risk conditions
of the areas under consideration were also investigated in order to plan and guide measures aimed at limiting the damage such
hazards may cause. 相似文献
14.
Sergio A. Sepúlveda William Murphy Randall W. Jibson David N. Petley 《Engineering Geology》2005,80(3-4):336-348
The 1994 Northridge earthquake (Mw = 6.7) triggered extensive rock slope failures in Pacoima Canyon, immediately north of Los Angeles, California. Pacoima Canyon is a narrow and steep canyon incised in gneissic and granitic rocks. Peak accelerations of nearly 1.6 g were recorded at a ridge that forms the left abutment of Pacoima Dam; peak accelerations at the bottom of the canyon were less than 0.5 g, suggesting the occurrence of topographic amplification. Topographic effects have been previously suggested to explain similarly high ground motions at the site during the 1971 (Mw = 6.7) San Fernando earthquake. Furthermore, high landslide concentrations observed in the area have been attributed to unusually strong ground motions rather than higher susceptibility to sliding compared with nearby zones. We conducted field investigations and slope stability back-analyses to confirm the impact of topographic amplification on the triggering of landslides during the 1994 earthquake. Our results suggest that the observed extensive rock sliding and falling would have not been possible under unamplified seismic conditions, which would have generated a significantly lower number of areas affected by landslides. In contrast, modelling slope stability using amplified ground shaking predicts slope failure distributions matching what occurred in 1994. This observation confirms a significant role for topographic amplification on the triggering of landslides at the site, and emphasises the need to select carefully the inputs for seismic slope stability analyses. 相似文献
15.
Landslides can result in enormous casualties and huge economic losses in mountainous regions. In order to mitigate landslide hazard effectively, new methodologies are required to develop a better understanding of landslide hazard and to make rational decisions on the allocation of funds for management of landslide risk. Recent advances in risk analysis and risk assessment are beginning to provide systematic and rigorous processes to enhance slope management. In recent years, risk analysis and assessment has become an important tool in addressing uncertainty inherent in landslide hazards.This article reviews recent advances in landslide risk assessment and management, and discusses the applicability of a variety of approaches to assessing landslide risk. Firstly, a framework for landslide risk assessment and management by which landslide risk can be reduced is proposed. This is followed by a critical review of the current state of research on assessing the probability of landsliding, runout behavior, and vulnerability. Effective management strategies for reducing economic and social losses due to landslides are described. Problems in landslide risk assessment and management are also examined. 相似文献
16.
证据权法在区域滑坡危险性评价中的应用以贵州省为例 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
以GIS为技术平台,采用证据权法对研究区进行了滑坡地质灾害危险性分析。综合分析历史滑坡数据及其环境因素和触发因素,数据源主要有地形图、DEM、地质图,选取地层岩性、构造、高程、坡度、坡向、地形起伏度、道路、水系作为危险性评价因子。首先应用ArcGIS软件对数据源进行处理,提取各个评价因子图层,并对每个图层进行分级、缓冲区分析等处理,建立若干证据层。然后将历史灾害点与评价因子进行空间关联分析,计算每个评价因子等级的权重,最后计算出评价单元的危险性指数,并将危险性分为极高危险区、高危险区、中等危险区、低危险区。采用成功率曲线法对证据权法评价精度进行验证,结果表明本次评价的精度为71%。利用历史滑坡数据对评价结果进行验证,结果显示评价结果与实际情况较为吻合,说明证据权可以客观定量地评价各影响因子对滑坡的影响程度,该方法应用于区域地质灾害危险性评价比较有效。 相似文献
17.
18.
19.
滑坡是一种比较常见的地质灾害,极易造成严重的人员伤亡和财产损失,特别是铁路沿线发育的一系列滑坡给生命线工程带来了极大的风险隐患。本文以益湛铁路益阳至娄底段沿线为研究对象,基于第一次自然灾害风险普查的地质灾害结果和野外地质调查数据,从地形地貌、区域地质、水文地质、人类活动等4个方面,提取16类地质环境因子构建滑坡危险性评价体系,引入确定性系数模型(CF)对传统的BP神经网络模型(BPNN)进行改进,开展滑坡危险性评价,以增强BPNN模型的性能,提高预测的准确率。在此基础上总结研究区的滑坡分布规律特征,其中高程、岩性、道路对研究区的滑坡分布具有重要影响。最后通过ROC曲线将改进的耦合模型与单一的CF模型和BPNN模型进行对比分析。结果表明,CF-BPNN模型的AUC值为0.849,CF模型的AUC值为0.754,BPNN模型的AUC值为0.837,这表明改进的耦合模型较单一模型效果更佳,预测结果准确率更高。研究结果可为近场生命线工程的滑坡风险分析提供信息支撑。
相似文献