Clinical value of studying fibrinogen degradation products in patients with ischemic heart disease

Study of fibrinogen degradation products in patients with angina pectoris and acute myocardial infarction proved to be of clinical importance. Their content in patients with acute myocardial infarction was increased more considerably than that in patients with angina pectoris. This parameter can be used for the differential diagnosis of angina pectoris and acute myocardial infarction.     

基于随机森林的男性急性心肌梗死诊断模型建立及验证

目的利用随机森林建立及验证男性急性心肌梗死诊断模型。 方法检测2016年1至6月于武汉大学人民医院心内科住院的205例心绞痛或急性心肌梗死男性患者的血清生化及生物标志物指标,其中151例患者作为训练集,54例患者作为验证集。用随机森林对指标预测急性心肌梗死的重要性进行排序。根据袋外数据误差,赤池信息量准则和贝叶斯信息量准则对排序指标进行筛选并构建诊断模型;多维标度法(MDS)观察模型对急性心肌梗死和心绞痛的区分能力;用验证集数据验证模型对心绞痛和急性心肌梗死的鉴别能力。 结果19个指标根据平均准确度下降程度和平均基尼(Gini)指数下降程度进行重要性排序。用袋外数据误差,赤池信息量准则和贝叶斯信息量准则筛选出C-反应蛋白、中性粒细胞绝对值和血糖3个变量,并纳入模型。通过MDS法观察到多半样本得到良好的区分,但部分样本仍难以区分开。在外部验证中,31例急性心肌梗死患者有26例(83.87%)被正确识别;在23例心绞痛患者中有19例(82.61%)被正确识别。 结论基于随机森林的诊断模型建立能较好区分急性心肌梗死与心绞痛。     

冠心病患者纤溶系统的异常变化

目的探讨冠状动脉病变中血清纤维蛋白原（Fg）、组织型纤溶酶原激活物（t-PA）、血浆D-二聚体（D-Dimer）与血栓形成关系，并就其作用机理进行研究，为临床治疗提供科学依据。方法急性心肌梗死（AMI）组28例、不稳定心绞痛（UAP）组24例、稳定心绞痛（SAP）组30例和正常对照组20例。分别检测血清Fg、血浆D-Dimer、t-PA及其抑制物（PAI）活性，并对照比较其含量与冠状动脉粥样硬化血栓形成的关系。结果血浆t-PA活性：AMI和UAP明显低于SAP与健康对照组（P〈0．01）；AMI组和UAP组之间，SAP组与健康对照组之间差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。血浆PAI活性、D-Dimer和Fg含量：AMI和UAP组明显高于SAP和健康对照组（P〈0．01）；AMI组和UAP组之间，SAP组与健康对照组之间差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论监测冠状动脉粥样硬化患者血清中血清Fg含量、t-PA、D-Dimer含量，可以及时判断凝血和纤溶功能失衡状况，预防和干扰血栓形成，提高患者良性预后。     

The clinical and prognostic information value of painless myocardial ischemia in the early postinfarct period]

A study was made of painless myocardial ischemia in the early postinfarction period (day 14) in order to define its influence on the clinical course and immediate prognosis. 25 patients aged 32 to 60 years with acute primary myocardial infarction were examined. 17 patients had large-focal and 8 small-focal infarction. The patients received diurnal ECG monitoring and physical exercise test on a treadmill. An overwhelming majority of the patients manifested myocardial ischemia not correlating with the rate of angina pectoris attacks. In the patients with small-focal infarction, angina pectoris occurred more frequently and was longer. It has been discovered that the total diurnal duration of transitory myocardial ischemia in the early postinfarction period is a more informative indicator of the immediate prognosis as compared to physical exercise tolerance.     

心肌肌钙蛋白Ⅰ和肌钙蛋白T对急性缺血性心脏病预后相关性分析

目的探讨心肌肌钙蛋白I(cTnI)和肌钙蛋白T(cTnT)对急性缺血性心脏病转归的影响。方法对就诊的急性缺血性心脏病患者定性测定入院时及距胸痛发作间隔10h的cTnI和定量测定相同时点的cTnT。同时随访患者发病后1、3、6、12个月的疾病转归,以心绞痛、心肌梗死、心力衰竭、心源性猝死为终点评价指标。结果cTnI或cTnT异常患者与正常者相比较,不稳定型心绞痛、心肌梗死、心力衰竭、心源性猝死的发生率具有显著性差异(P<0.01)。cTnI或cTnT异常与终点事件(不稳定型心绞痛、心肌梗死、心力衰竭、心源性心源性猝死)发生率呈正相关。结论cTnI或cTnT对急性心肌梗死,尤其是微小心肌坏死诊断具有高度的敏感性和特异性,并与急性缺血性心脏病的预后密切相关。     

C-反应蛋白与肿瘤坏死因子-a检测指标对冠心病临床意义探讨

目的探讨C-反应蛋白（cRP）和肿瘤坏死因子-a（TNF—a）与冠心病严重程度关系。方法选择30例心绞痛患者,20例心肌梗死患者,30例健康者,分别检测CRP和TNF—a水平。结果心绞痛组和急性心肌梗死组和TNF—a水平均高于非冠心痛患者组,差异极显著（P〈0．01）,急性心肌梗死组cRP水平显著高于心绞痛组（P〈0．01）,急性心肌梗死组TNF—a水平明显高于心绞痛组（P〈0．05）。结论血清CRP和TNF—a水平作为冠心病患者病情检测指标,其升高程度与冠状动脉粥样硬化程度有明显相关性。     

超声评价冠心病患者血管内皮舒张功能

目的 通过超声检测肱动脉内径评价冠心病患者肱动脉血管内皮舒张功能变化.方法 采用高分辨率超声检测稳定型心绞痛、不稳定型心绞痛、急性心肌梗死患者及正常对照组血流介导的肱动脉血管舒张功能和硝酸甘油介导的肱动脉血管舒张功能.结果 冠心病各组血流介导的血管舒张反应均较正常对照组降低（P〈0.05）.稳定型心绞痛组与正常对照组,硝酸甘油介导的血管舒张反应无显著性差异（P〉0.05）,而不稳定型心绞痛组和急性心肌梗死组硝酸甘油介导的血管舒张反应均低于正常对照组与稳定型心绞痛组（P〈0.05）.结论 冠心病患者存在内皮舒张功能损害,这种损害呈渐进性发展.     

阿托伐他汀早期干预对非ST抬高型急性冠脉综合征患者血清高敏C反应蛋白和妊娠相关血浆蛋白-A水平的影响

目的:探讨阿托伐他汀早期干预治疗对非ST抬高型急性冠脉综合征患者血清高敏C反应蛋白和妊娠相关血浆蛋白-A水平的影响。方法:采用酶联免疫吸附法测定不稳定型心绞痛患者(UAP组)、急性心肌梗死患者(AMI组)、稳定型心绞痛患者(SAP组)和健康体检者的高敏C反应蛋白和妊娠相关血浆蛋白-A水平。同时将急性冠脉综合征患者(包括UAP和AMI组)随机分为常规治疗组和阿托伐他汀干预组(阿托伐他汀20 mg/d),并于治疗前后分别测定血清高敏C反应蛋白和妊娠相关血浆蛋白-A水平。结果:(1)高敏C反应蛋白和妊娠相关血浆蛋白-A水平在UAP组、AMI组比SAP组、正常对照组显著升高(P<0.05)。(2)2周后,阿托伐他汀干预组血清高敏C反应蛋白和妊娠相关血浆蛋白-A水平较治疗前明显降低,且较常规治疗组治疗2周后亦有显著降低。结论:阿托伐他汀干预可以减少急性冠脉综合征患者动脉粥样硬化斑块的炎症反应,具有稳定斑块的作用。     

Histamine-induced coronary artery spasm: the concept of allergic angina.

Histamine, the main amine released during allergic reactions, can provoke coronary arterial spasm manifested as angina pectoris. This has been shown during clinical and laboratory studies. The effects of histamine on cardiac function are mediated via H1- and H2- receptors situated on the four cardiac chambers and coronary arteries. Coronary arteries of cardiac patients are hyperactive and contain stores of histamine which can initiate coronary artery spasm. Clinical observations indicate that angina pectoris or acute myocardial infarction can be provoked by acute allergic reaction. The coincidental occurrence of chest pain and allergic reaction accompanied by clinical and laboratory findings of classical angina pectoris seems to constitute the syndrome of allergic angina. The clinical symptoms of allergic angina include chest discomfort, dyspnoea, faintness, nausea, pruritus and urticaria. They are accompanied by signs such as hypotension, diaphoresis, pallor and bradycardia. There are also electrocardiographic findings indicating myocardial ischaemia, arrhythmias and conduction defects. Thus, in patients undergoing acute allergic reaction, the development of chest pain could be explained by the mechanism of coronary arterial spasm provoked by the release of histamine, which constitutes the syndrome of allergic angina.     

The value of exercise tests after acute myocardial infarction.

The aim of the present study was to relate the clinical course in patients after a first acute myocardial infarction with the response to exercise-tests performed one month after discharge. 90 consecutive patients who suffered an acute myocardial infarction for the first time were followed-up after 12 months in general practice. Six patients had died, and nine patients had suffered another MI. 23 patients were being treated for heart failure, 51 for angina pectoris, and 8 for arrhythmias. 14 patients received treatment for both heart failure and angina pectoris. Of the patients at work, 17.6% did not return to work because of the heart disease. 80 patients were in function groups I-II and 10 in function groups III-IV (New York Heart Association's Classification). Occurrence of ST-segment displacements was without prognostic value. Left ventricular function index (dRPP) and working capacity (W) were predictive with respect to mortality, heart failure, and angina pectoris requiring drug treatment. Exercise tests following acute myocardial infarction could not predict the chances of returning to work.     

心肌梗死患者溶栓治疗疗效与D-二聚体水平的关系

目的评价血浆D-二聚体（DD）在判断急性心肌梗死（AMI）溶栓治疗疗效中的应用价值。方法采用酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）检测健康人（对照组）心绞痛、陈旧性心肌梗死（OMI）及AMI患者血浆DD含量（AMI患者发病后进行连续测定），并比较其结果。结果对照组、心绞痛患者、OMI患者、未接受溶栓的AMI患者、接受溶栓治疗的AMI患者DD含量分别为0．41±0．30mg／L、0．55±0．36mg／L、0．60±0．48mg／L、1．01±0．52mg／L和2．91±1．04mg／L。与对照组相比较，心绞痛组和OMI组DD含量差异无显著性（P〉0．05），而未溶AMI组和溶栓AMI组DD含量明显升高，差异具有非常显著性（P〈0．001）。溶栓AMI组DD含量显著高于未溶AMI组，差异具有显著性（P〈0．001）。结论血浆DD测定不仅可作为观察心肌梗死病情的指标，对溶栓药物的疗效监测也具有重要价值。     

The comparative value of myoglobin determination in patients with different forms of ischemic heart disease]

The hemagglutination test was used to measure the content of myoglobin (MG) in the blood serum in 92 patients suffering from coronary heart disease (myocardial infarction, unstable and stable angina pectoris). The content of MG turned out a safe indicator attesting to acute myocardial infarction. In complications and spreading of necrosis, the MG level was returning to normal slowly. In patients with angina pectoris, the MG level did not on the average differ from control. However, in patients with unstable angina pectoris, there was an increase of the MG content after long-term attacks and in the development of small-focal necroses in the myocardium.     

氯沙坦对心绞痛患者心肌缺血的影响

目的　探讨氯沙坦对心绞痛患者血流动力学指标与心肌缺血发作的影响。方法　 4 6例稳定型和不稳定型心绞痛患者随机分为氯沙坦组和对照组 ,测定两组患者血流动力学指标的变化及其对心肌缺血发作的影响。结果　氯沙坦能显著降低心绞痛患者高、低切变率时的全血粘度 ,全血高、低切还原粘度 ;明显改善心绞痛患者红细胞的变形性 ,心绞痛程度显著降低 ,持续时间显著缩短。但对心绞痛患者血浆粘度、红细胞压积、纤维蛋白原、血压、血糖均无明显影响。结论　氯沙坦能改善微循环灌注和心脏供血与供氧 ,有利于预防动脉血栓形成和降低急性心肌梗死的发病率     

Immediate and long-term outcomes after "Ephesos" coronary stent implantation in patients with stable or unstable angina

AIM: An open non-randomized trial was initiated to assess clinical and angiographic results of using the coronary stent "Ephesos" in 457 patients with stable or unstable angina pectoris and native coronary affections. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 268 stents have been implanted in 231 patients with stable angina (SA) and 271 stents--in 226 patients with unstable angina (UA). 46% lesions were complicated. The length of stenosis was 12.9 +/- 6.7 mm in the group SA and 14.1 +/- 7.4 mm in the group UA, 30% stenoses were long. RESULTS: Successful stenting was stated in 99% without cases of acute thrombosis. Non-fatal myocardial infarction took place in hospital in 1.3% of SA patients and in 2.6% of UA patients. Incidence of cardiac complications (death, recurrent angina pectoris, myocardial infarction, restenosis, repeated revascularization) for 6-month follow-up was 15.6% in SA group and 18.1% in UA group. At angiographic control, the index of vascular diameter loss made up 0.22 +/- 0.2 in SA group and 0.3 +/- 0.27 in UA group. Incidence of restenosis was 12 and 14%, respectively. 18-month follow-up found no differences in frequency of complications: 21.6 and 22.6% in groups SA and UA, respectively. CONCLUSION: Implantation of the stent "Ephesos" is effective in prevention of thrombosis and restenosis in patients with stable or unstable angina pectoris at high risk of intervention.     

基于健康信念模型稳定性心绞痛患者服药依从性的影响因素研究

目的探讨基于健康信念模型稳定性心绞痛患者服药依从性的影响因素。方法对2013年1月-12月参与慢性病管理的107例稳定性心绞痛患者,采用面对面问卷调查方法评定服药依从性及对冠心病认知的影响因素。采用多重逐步线性回归进行统计分析。结果“心肌梗死可能导致死亡”、“稳定性心绞痛患者可能会突发心肌梗死”、“过去1年心绞痛发病次数”、“规范治疗对预防心肌梗死有好处”、“要是发生心肌梗死,就算不死也基本没什么指望了”、“按时服药可以得到家人的赞扬”、“在我认识的人当中就有心肌梗死导致死亡的患者”为提高服药依从性影响因素（P〈0．05）,其偏回归系数分别为0．245、0．251、0．248、0．099、0．234、0．162、0．095;而“担心药品的副作用”、“承受不起药费”为降低服药依从性影响因素（P〈0．05）,其偏回归系数为-0．164和-0．114。结论健康信念模型有助于社区医生判定影响稳定性心绞痛患者服药依从性的相关因素。     

慢性心绞痛史及梗死前心绞痛对急性心肌梗死心肌损伤及预后的影响

目的探讨有无慢性心绞痛史及梗死前心绞痛对急性心肌梗死患者心肌损伤及预后的影响。方法选择2003年1月至2007年12月确诊为急性心肌梗死而收住院的93例急性心肌梗死患者,根据其急性心肌梗死发病前心绞痛病史情况分为4组,慢性心绞痛组（Ⅰ组）、梗死前心绞痛组（Ⅱ组）、慢性心绞痛伴梗死前心绞痛组（Ⅲ组）、无心绞痛组（Ⅳ组）,分别观察心肌梗死范围,测定心脏肌酸磷酸激酶（CPK）、同功酶（CK—MB）、血清肌钙蛋白（CTnT）、C-反应蛋白（CRP）和尿微自蛋白分泌率（AER）变化,以及住院期间严重心脏并发症（严重心律失常、KillipⅡ级以上心力衰竭、心源性休克）、心源性病死率、梗死后心绞痛发生率。结果小面积心肌梗死前发生率Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组明显高于Ⅳ组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;CK、CK—MB、CTnT峰值浓度、CRP、AER变化,Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组明显低于Ⅳ组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;严重心脏并发症,除心律失常外,Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组明显低于Ⅳ组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）,心律失常Ⅱ、Ⅲ组明显低于Ⅰ、Ⅳ组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;梗死后心绞痛及住院病死率Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组明显低于Ⅳ组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论梗死前有心绞痛史及梗死前心绞痛可减少其后发生急性心肌梗死时心肌损伤的程度,并影响预后。     

急性冠脉综合征中糖原磷酸化酶BB的观察

目的 观察和比较急性冠脉综合征患者发病过程中糖原磷酸化酶BB、肌酸磷酸激酶及其亚型的变化情况方法 对正常对照组、稳定型心绞痛、不稳定型心绞痛及急性心肌梗死患者进行采血,酶联免疫法检测GPBB,生化检测CK、CK-MB。急性心肌梗死组分不同时间段进行比较。结果 稳定型心绞痛组与正常对照组比较,P>0.05。不稳定型心绞痛组与正常对照组比较,GPBB P<0.05,CK、CK-MB P>0.05。急性心肌梗死各组中GPBB与正常对照组相比,均P<0.05.且在12-24 h出现峰值。CK 3 h以内组与正常对照组相比,P>0.05;其余均P<0.05,且呈持续上升趋势。CK-MB 3 h以内组与正常对照组相比,P>0.05;其余均P<0.05,且在24-36 h出现峰值。结论 与CK、CK-MB相比,GPBB对于急性心肌梗死的早期诊断具有明显的特异性和敏感性     

Parathormone and calcitonin in men suffering from ischemic heart disease

It has been shown that in men with coronary heart disease (CHD), the basal concentrations of parathyroid hormone (PTH) and calcitonin (CT) in blood serum were increased both during an angina pectoris attack and the interparoxysmal period. During an angina pectoris attack, the highest CT concentration was detected in CHD patients with angina pectoris of effort on the day of the anginal attack. In acute myocardial infarction (AMI), the basal PTH level in the patients' blood serum was increased, particularly during the subacute disease stage. The blood serum CT content during AMI depended on the disease onset: in patients with a sudden disease onset, the parameter under study was increased, whereas in AMI patients with a history of angina pectoris, the CT concentration remained within normal. The authors discuss the pathogenetic role of the shifts in the function of the parathyroid glands and C cells of the thyroid during CHD and the possibility of the use of calcium antagonists and CT in the treatment of myocardial infarction.     

心肌缺血预适应对急性心肌梗死后临床及预后的影响

目的　探讨心肌缺血预适应 (IP)对急性心肌梗死 (AMI)临床及预后的近期影响。方法　根据心肌梗死前有无心肌缺血证据或 (和 )心绞痛病史将 198例患者分为A、B两组。对其临床资料进行回顾分析。结果　A组小面积心肌梗死发生率高于B组 ,而肌酸磷酸激酶 (CK)和同工酶 (CK MB)峰值、严重心脏并发症和梗死后心绞痛发生率、近期住院病死率均明显低于B组。结论　既往心绞痛促进冠状动脉侧支循环的建立 ,发病前心绞痛可能促进IP产生 ,二者协同对AMI后的心肌细胞起保护作用。     

Unusual electrocardiographic changes with propranolol and diltiazem overdosage: a case report

The therapeutic efficacy and safety of beta-adrenoreceptor-blocking drugs has been well established in patients with angina pectoris, cardiac arrhythmias, and hypertension and reducing the risk of mortality and nonfatal reinfarction on survival of acute myocardial infarction. The calcium antagonists are used for the treatment of patients with angina pectoris, long-term systemic hypertension, and the management of hypertensive emergencies and also for a multitude of other cardiovascular and noncardiovascular conditions. Because adverse cardiovascular effects can occur, however, patients being considered for combination treatment with propranolol and diltiazem must be selected carefully and observed closely. In this article, we present a suicidal case of drug overdose with propranolol and diltiazem with unusual electrocardiographic changes.