一种考虑材料损伤的低循环疲劳寿命预测方法

为了更加精确地预测材料的低循环疲劳寿命,对三参数幂函数公式和拉伸滞后能寿命模型进行研究,提出了基于三参数幂函数的损伤能寿命预测模型。分别利用该模型和Manson-Coffin公式对高温合金、钛合金及结构钢等多种材料的低周疲劳试验数据进行拟合并将其分析结果进行对比;根据GH4133合金250℃时的低循环疲劳试验数据,建立了该条件下材料的循环应力-应变曲线和损伤能寿命预测模型,同时对曲线及模型进行验证。结果表明:建立的循环应力-应变曲线能够正确反映该条件下材料的应力与应变之间的关系;所提出的损伤能寿命预测模型对12种材料的低周疲劳试验数据的拟合效果较好,寿命预测精度明显高于Manson-Coffin公式。     

Haynes 230镍基超合金高温低周疲劳寿命预测

针对Haynes 230镍基超合金进行总应变控制的高温低周疲劳试验。结果表明,在816℃和927℃时,材料在较高应变范围内表现出循环硬化/软化行为,在较低的应变范围内表现出循环硬化/饱和行为。一般来说,疲劳寿命随着温度的提高而降低。然而,在总应变范围高于1.0%时,由于在半寿命时927℃比816℃有较小的塑性应变幅,从而导致了疲劳寿命在927℃时比在816℃时更长。选用Manson-Coffin方程和能量法进行了疲劳寿命预测,并采用方差和分散带因子两个参量对两种模型的预测能力进行比较,结果表明Manson-Coffin方程的预测效果较好。     

高温应变时效对P92钢高温低周疲劳性能的影响

分别在应力与应变控制下对P92钢进行550℃高温低周疲劳试验,研究该钢在不同应变幅(0.2％～1.0％)和应力幅(280～350 MPa)下的疲劳行为;对P92钢进行不同预拉伸应变(0～4％)和温度(250～350℃)下的应变时效处理后,研究该钢的高温拉伸与低周疲劳性能.结果表明:在应变控制下,P92钢的应变与疲劳寿命关系符合Manson-Coffin方程,在低应变幅(低于0.7％)下P92钢出现先循环硬化后循环软化现象;在应力控制下,应变与疲劳寿命关系不遵循Manson-Coffin方程,高应力幅(350 MPa)下P92钢出现先循环硬化后循环软化现象;应变时效处理可提高P92钢的屈服强度,且高温拉伸曲线出现Portevin-Le Chatelier屈服效应;应变时效处理后P92钢在应力控制下的应变与寿命关系不遵循Manson-Coffin方程,且其低周疲劳寿命大幅降低.     

超超临界汽轮机高中压转子钢高温低周疲劳性能研究

采用应变控制对超超临界汽轮机12％Cr转子钢进行高温低周疲劳试验,并对试验结果进行了讨论.拟合了循环应力-应变曲线和应变-寿命曲线,得到该材料的室温低周疲劳特性参数,包括Ramberg-Osgood参数和Manson-Coffin参数,推测出该材料的转变寿命.对转子不同位置(外缘,芯部)进行取样分析,探讨其低周疲劳性能差异,并对不同应变幅控制下的应力、寿命变化进行了深入研究.     

某乘用车催化器总成低周疲劳寿命预测

鉴于目前SUS441铁素体不锈钢催化器总成应用低周疲劳寿命预测经验通用公式精度低的不足,对SUS441材料进行高温拉伸试验数据采集,拟合修正了Manson-Coffin公式疲劳寿命预测参数;通过STAR-CCM+软件和ABAQUS软件建立基于体映射法的流-固-热耦合模型,分析了催化器总成在4个工作循环后的热负荷,对SUS441催化器总成进行低周疲劳寿命估计。结果表明,温度场仿真结果与试验数据在误差范围内,模型可信度高;利用修正公式得到应变-低周疲劳寿命曲线,进行寿命预测,通过发动机台架冷热冲击耐久试验证明修正公式比经验通用公式更准确,该结果可为催化器总成设计开发提供指导。     

316不锈钢材料的统计热疲劳模型

通过对316不锈钢材料在450℃,600℃和700℃中温环境应力控制下的低周疲劳试验,得到有实际意义的试验结果,对这些试验结果进行分析和研究,得出316不锈钢材料在中温环境和应力控制下的低周热疲劳行为,并且提出一个低周热疲劳寿命预测模型。在所建立的低周热疲劳寿命模型中,Manson通用斜率方程被用于疲劳寿命与拉伸性能的试验整合。通过对疲劳试验数据与不同的数学模型进行的拟合以建立温度和其他参数之间的函数关系,从而对316不锈钢材料在中温低周疲劳环境下进行寿命预测,为以后的寿命评估模型提供依据。     

温度对齿轮钢16Cr3MiWMoVNbE应变疲劳性能的影响

发动机传动齿轮工作时温度从室温上升到623 K,不同温度下材料的抗疲劳性能不同,因此试验研究了300K、373 K、473 K、573 K和623 K下齿轮钢16Cr3NiWMoVNbE的应变疲劳性能.应用Conffin-Manson应变疲劳寿命预测模型回归分析,分别得到5个温度下材料低周疲劳寿命预测公式.研究了温度对...     

镍基高温合金的热机械疲劳寿命预测模型研究

针对发动机热端部件常用材料镍基高温合金GH4169进行了200～450℃及400～650℃条件下的同相位热机械疲劳(TMF)试验,考虑TMF条件下多晶材料在弹性阶段产生的微观损伤应变能,提出一种适用于多晶材料的TMF寿命预测模型,并结合试验数据确定模型参数;采用GH4169、IN718、DD8三种高温合金对该模型的TMF寿命预测能力进行评估,结果表明,提出的寿命模型预测精度高于TMF寿命预测常用的Manson-Coffin模型和Ostergren模型。     

非对称循环疲劳寿命研究及涡轮盘概率寿命分析

提出基于试棒非对称循环疲劳实验数据的发动机轮盘低周疲劳寿命可靠性分析方法.通过250℃恒温两种不同应变比下GH4133材料疲劳实验,得到应变疲劳寿命曲线.通过有限元数值模拟标准试棒寿命,说明用非对称循环应变寿命曲线估算结构寿命比对称循环应变寿命曲线估算更准确.最后采用所提方法计算分析某涡轮盘销钉孔边低周疲劳概率寿命,寿命数值计算结果与试验结果吻合良好.     

316L不锈钢non-Masing特性分析和疲劳寿命预测

对316L不锈钢在不同应变范围下分别进行了293 K和873 K试验温度下的低周疲劳试验,讨论了材料循环特性的幅值相关性和温度相关性,比较了不同条件下non-Masing特性,并利用能量方法进行了低周疲劳寿命预测。实验结果表明, 在不同条件下,循环初期会出现不同程度的循环硬化现象,随后会出现循环软化、饱和直至材料失效;与873 K 试验条件相比,材料在293 K温度下的non-Masing特性更为显著;在大应变范围下,两温度下材料的non-Masing特性更加明显。采用能量方法进行疲劳寿命预测时,预测结果均位于两倍分散带内,且基于non-Masing特性得到了比基于Masing特性更为精确的预测结果。在873 K温度和大应变范围下,显著的动态应变时效效应导致考虑non-Masing与Masing特性的预测结果相差不大。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

Limits of topographic measurement by the scanning tunnelling and atomic force microscopes

Parameters describing the topographic character of a surface (height, surface wavelength, slope and curvature) can be derived from equivalent sinusoidal profiles. The response of a surface-measuring instrument may be modelled in terms of instrument parameters such as stylus radius, and scanning range and resolution. The performance of the instrument may then be mapped as a zone in amplitude-wavelength (AW) space to show the sinusoidal profiles it is capable of measuring. In a first-order analysis the STM and AFM are considered as equivalent to contact-stylus instruments with a notional stylus radius equal to the tip radius plus the gap. Comparisons between different instruments and types of instrument are readily made by mapping in AW space. The error arising from convolution of the sinusoidal profile with that of the finite tip may be quantified and plotted as contours in AW space.     

Fractional order nonsingular terminal sliding mode control for flexible spacecraft attitude tracking

This paper investigates a fractional terminal sliding mode control for flexible spacecraft attitude tracking in the presence of inertia uncertainties and extern...     

奥氏体不锈钢表面双辉等离子渗锆的动力学

利用双辉等离子渗金属技术在0Cr18Ni9Ti奥氏体不锈钢表面制备了一层均匀、致密、呈良好冶金结合的渗锆合金层,并对1 060℃下的渗锆动力学进行了研究。结果表明:随着距锆合金层表面距离的增加,锆元素的含量呈梯度递减,扩散系数逐渐减小,而扩散激活能逐步增大;在1 060℃采用双辉等离子技术渗锆时,渗锆合金层表层的空位密度为2.945×(1012~1013)cm-2,与相同温度下采用常规渗金属工艺相比,提高了1~2个数量级。     

气化炉三维扫描测量与数据处理

以德士古气化炉耐火砖的内壁蚀损检测设备为基础,对采集到的点云数据做了进一步处理.通过对数据的筛选和剔除,实现了数据点的平滑降噪细化和精简.然后利用点云对整、网格划分和分色显示等方法,最终完成了内壁腐蚀情况的三维建模.重点讨论了点云数据的预处理及后处理的方法,并根据内壁耐火砖的腐蚀阈值,提出了一种气化炉内壁腐蚀区域的识别与分割方法.对耐火砖的腐蚀分析、气化炉的生产与维修提供了可靠依据,并在工程应用中获得了一致认可.