普鲁士蓝膜修饰铂电极的现场拉曼光谱电化学表征(英文)

采用现场拉曼光谱电化学技术表征了普鲁士蓝膜修饰铂电极的循环伏安过程 .结果显示 ,随着修饰膜的微观结构由普鲁士蓝向普鲁士白或相反过程转化 ,表征两种不同结构的拉曼特征振动谱峰及其强度变化呈现出明显的可逆特征 .     

普鲁士蓝膜修饰电极的电化学阻抗谱

测量了应用电化学方法制备的不同厚度的普鲁士蓝膜修饰电极的循环伏安行为与电化学阻抗谱.由所得到的循环伏安图讨论了普鲁士蓝修饰膜的氧化还原过程,并对相关的Nyquist图进行了解析,提出了相应的等效电路.在此基础上计算出较薄膜中普鲁士蓝/普鲁士白电化学反应的表观速率常数和表观扩散系数,讨论了膜厚度对电荷扩散的影响.当膜相对较薄时,电极过程主要由动力学过程控制;当膜达到一定厚度时,电荷在膜中的扩散速率受到限制,电极过程由动力学过程和电荷扩散过程共同控制,证实了文献报导的普鲁士蓝膜修饰电极为多层空间分布电荷传递模型.     

普鲁士蓝/壳聚糖共沉积膜修饰电极的交流阻抗谱研究

壳聚糖与普鲁士蓝同时在金电极上电沉积获得的复合膜具有良好的电子传递性能和对过氧化氢的电催化性能,可以为生物分子提供合适的亲水性环境,进而研发性能优异的电化学生物传感器.交流阻抗谱法可用于研究电极表面修饰性能,该文对普鲁士蓝/壳聚糖(PB/CS)共沉积膜的交流阻抗测量条件进行了选择,并通过对交流阻抗谱的分析探讨了制备PB/CS共沉积修饰膜的最佳条件:电沉积液的pH值为2,电解电压为0.4 V,电沉积时间为300 s.这与循环伏安法的研究结果完全一致,并通过对交流阻抗曲线的讨论更深入地解释了其中的原因.     

对苯二酚在掺Cu(Ⅱ)类普鲁士蓝膜修饰电极上的电化学行为研究

采用循环伏安法在普鲁士蓝膜中掺杂Cu2+,制得掺Cu(Ⅱ)类普鲁士蓝膜(Cu-PB膜)。利用循环伏安法、库仑分析法和电化学阻抗法对Cu-PB膜进行电化学表征,结果显示Cu2+进入普鲁士蓝的内部结构,取代了其中的高自旋铁。该Cu(Ⅱ)类普鲁士蓝膜对对苯二酚具有明显的电催化作用,电极反应过程是扩散控制的准可逆过程,在5.0×10-5~1.0×10-3mol.L-1范围内,还原峰电流与对苯二酚浓度呈良好的线性关系,检出限为1.0×10-6mol.L-1。计算了对苯二酚在Cu-PB膜修饰电极上电极过程的动力学参数。     

普鲁士蓝/氧化锆复合材料的电化学行为及对H2O2的电催化

通过一步电沉积技术制备了普鲁士蓝/氧化锆修饰玻碳电极。采用电化学阻抗技术表征修饰电极。采用循环伏安法研究了pH值和扫描速率对该修饰电极的电化学行为的影响。结果表明:普鲁士蓝的峰电流与其扫描速率的一次方在一定范围内呈良好的线性关系。此外,该修饰电极在含有KCl(1.0mol/L)的磷酸盐缓冲溶液(0.1mol/L,pH=7.0)中,对H2O2具有明显的电催化作用,在无酶检测H2O2领域具有潜在的应用价值。     

循环伏安和现场红外光谱电化学研究镉(Ⅱ)在普鲁士蓝/铂修饰电极上的反应

报道了普鲁士蓝(PB)膜修饰Pt电极在CdCl_2溶液中进行循环伏安(CV)扫描,衍生为含有部分六氰亚铁酸镉(CdHCF)混合修饰膜的电化学反应,并对其反应机理进行了电化学和现场红外光谱电化学(FTIRs)的研究.实验结果表明,这一混合膜中PB和CdHCF两种成分之间的相互影响并不大,两种物质基本上保持了各自为纯物质时的电化学特性.     

电化学石英晶体微天平研究普鲁士蓝薄膜的两电极系统伏安行为

采用双通道电化学石英晶体微天平（EQCM）研究了水溶液中普鲁士蓝（PB）薄膜修饰的两金电极上的两电极循环伏安（CV）电化学行为,归属了普鲁士白、PB、普鲁士黄三者间的转变过程,以及金基底和PB膜内所夹带的Fe（CN）6^3-／Fe（CN）6^4-杂质的氧化还原峰,为UV-Vis光谱电化学实验所支持．夹在两喷金的铟锡氧化物（ITO）电极间的PB粉末的两电极固态CV图和两PB修饰金电极在水溶液中的两电极CV图相似,说明发生了类似的电极反应．双通道EQCM有望成为研究其他物质或材料的两电极系统电化学行为的高效技术．     

3-硝基苯酚在普鲁士蓝掺杂铜修饰电极上的电化学行为研究

采用循环伏安法制备了普鲁士蓝掺杂铜修饰电极(Cu/PB/GC),利用循环伏安、计时电量和电化学阻抗法研究3-硝基苯酚在该电极上的电化学行为。结果表明,此修饰电极显著提高了3-硝基苯酚的还原峰电流,电极反应在界面传质为线性扩散控制,扩散系数D为1.64×10~6cm~2/s,传递系数a为0.249,此电极可用来快速检测3-硝基苯酚。     

铂微粒修饰碳纳米管-纳米TiO2/聚苯胺复合膜电极的制备及其电化学性能

采用循环伏安法,在200 mmol.L-1苯胺与500 mmol.L-1H2SO4的混合溶液中,在-0.1 V~0.9 V扫描(50 mV.s-1),实现了苯胺在碳纳米管-纳米TiO2膜电极上的电化学聚合,得到翠绿色的聚苯胺膜(PANI),并用交流阻抗谱对PANI的电化学性质进行了表征。在PANI电极上修饰铂,制得铂微粒修饰PANI电极(PANI-Pt)。研究发现PANI-Pt对抗坏血酸的氧化有很高的催化活性。     

对苯二酚在普鲁士蓝修饰电极上的电化学行为

利用循环伏安法制备普鲁士蓝修饰玻碳电极(PB/GC),电极对对苯二酚具有良好的电催化作用,PB/GC电极上的氧化还原峰电流比裸电极大两个数量级,峰电位之差从0.83V减少到0.48V;考察了修饰电极膜的厚度与峰电流关系,当扫描圈数大于60圈时,峰电流不再随着薄膜厚度的增加而变大,峰电流与扫描速度的平方根呈线性关系,说明膜电极在界面传质为线性扩散控制;采用计时电量和电化学阻抗法研究对苯二酚的电化学行为,求得在不同厚度修饰电极膜上的扩散系数,此电极可用来快速检测对苯二酚。     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

α-Amino acid derived enaminones and their application in the synthesis of N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates and other heterocycles

A new and simple synthesis of novel N-protected methyl 5-substituted-4-hydroxypyrrole-3-carboxylates, which exist in equilibrium with their 4-oxo tautomers, has been developed in two steps starting from N-protected α-amino acids. The key intermediates are enaminones, which can also be isolated, characterized, and used for the construction of other functionalized heterocycles, before they spontaneously decompose to pyrrole products. 4-Hydroxypyrroles are prone to partial aerial oxidation but can be efficiently alkylated or reduced to stable polysubstituted pyrrolidine derivatives.     

Specific intramolecular aromatic CH insertion of diazosulfonamides

The chemoselectivity in the intramolecular CH insertion of various diazosulfonamides has been experimentally studied. The results reveal that the aliphatic 1,4-, 1,5-, or 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions of diazosulfonamides are not accessible, while the aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion can be realized specifically by adjusting the diazo-adjacent group. In addition, the general chemoselectivities in the intramolecular CH insertions of diazosulfonyl compounds are summarized. Generally, diazosulfones undergo both aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H and aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions, while diazosulfonates undergo aliphatic 1,5- and 1,6-C(sp³)?H insertions. However, diazosulfonamides only undergo aromatic 1,5-C(sp²)?H insertion.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes: synthesis,characterization and their applications in the C-N coupling and α-arylation of ketones using aryl chlorides

N-Heterocyclic carbene-palladacyclic complexes 3 were successfully achieved in a one-pot procedure under mild conditions. The structure of 3a was unambiguously confirmed by X-ray single crystal diffraction and it was an active catalyst in the Buchwald-Hartwig amination and α-arylation of ketones even at very low catalyst loadings (0.01?mol%).     

Iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction using terminal alkyne as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines and fused-nitrogen heterocycles

An efficient iodine-mediated oxidative Pictet-Spengler reaction in dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) using terminal alkynes as the 2-oxoaldehyde surrogate for the synthesis of aryl (9H-pyrido[3,4-b]indol-1-yl)methanones is described. The scope of the protocol includes the total synthesis of Fascaplysin, Eudistomins Y₁ and Y₂. The methodology is extended for preparing pyrrolo[1,2-a]-quinoxaline and indolo[1,5-a]quinoxaline derivatives. The utility of 1-aroyl-β-carbolines was demonstrated by performing palladium-catalyzed β-carboline directed ortho-C(sp2)-H functionalization of the phenyl ring with thiomethyl (SMe) group using DMSO as source and for accessing 4-aryl-canthin-6-ones.