Past is for Free: on the Complexity of Verifying Linear Temporal Properties with Past

We study the complexity of satisfiability and model-checking of the linear-time temporal logic with past (PLTL). More precisely, we consider several fragments of PLTL. depending on the allowed set of temporal modalities, the use of negations or the nesting of future formulae into past formulae. Our results show that “past is for free”, that is it does not bring additional theoretical complexity, even for small fragments, and even when nesting future formulae into past formulae. We also remark that existential and universal model-checking can have different complexity for certain fragments.     

Knowledge acquisition: Past,present and future

As we celebrate the 50th knowledge acquisition conference this year it is appropriate to review progress in knowledge acquisition techniques not only over the quarter century since the conference series began but backwards through the millennia to the beginnings of knowledge capture and forwards through the foreseeable future to speculate on reasonable expectations, appropriate targets and potential surprises in the next quarter century.“Time present and time past are both perhaps present in time future, and time future contained in time past. What might have been is an abstraction remaining a perpetual possibility only in world of speculation.” (T.S. Eliot, Four Quartets).     

一种支持动态自主学习的知识表示结构——语义神经网络

分别分析了传统的语义网络和人工神经网络方法在知识表示方面的特点和不足,提出了将两者结合起来构建具有语义单元和神经单元双重机能的语义神经单元的设想。以此为基础,构造出具有全连通结构的语义神经网络,给出了网络的权值学习方法及概念单元的语义联想机制,从而形成自主学习与语义联想相统一的集成化知识表示结构。它既能对概念语义及其关联关系进行直观、准确的表示,同时又对概念语义的联想、学习和更新等过程提供统一的支持平台。     

机械产品概念设计中的知识表示

研究了计算机辅助概念设计中的关键技术——知识表示．将行为域引入公理化设计作为功能域和载体域之间的转换桥梁，针对该域结构定义扩展“之”字映射，建立了不同层次功能、行为和载体之间的映射关系；构造了概念设计方案的知识表示模型——域结构模板；针对一类产品的知识表示模型——概念空间，给出了基于概念空间的概念设计方案生成过程．最后以工业平缝机为例对所述模型和方法加以说明。     

Faceless Interaction—A Conceptual Examination of the Notion of Interface: Past,Present, and Future

In the middle of the present struggle to keep interaction complexity in check, as artifact complexity continues to rise and the technical possibilities to interact multiply, the notion of interface is scrutinized. First, a limited number of previous interpretations or thought styles of the notion are identified and discussed. This serves as a framework for an analysis of the current situation with regard to complexity, control, and interaction, leading to a realization of the crucial role of surface in contemporary understanding of interaction. The potential of faceless interaction, interaction that transcends traditional reliance on surfaces, is then examined and discussed, liberating possibilities as well as complicating effects, and dangers are pointed out, ending with a sketch of a possibly emerging new thought style.     

Tomorrow''s space: Journey to the virtual worlds

The new technology of Virtual Reality (VR) provides a revolutionary way to improve the coupling of the human operator to the computing machine. In a VR system, the goal is to remove the distinction between the system and the user's environment, as compared to the conventional relationship between the user and a computer. Thus, to be able to immerse the user in his artificial world, the VR system shall make use simultaneously of the human senses and of his cognitive capacities. In practice, the VR system is the integration of computer graphics and various sensor and actuator technology to create the illusion of immersion in a computer generated reality.

VR has therefore been identified as a good candidate for the Technological Research Programme of the European Space Agency (ESA). In 1991, the Agency has initiated research activities in the field of VR to identify its potential applications for European space programmes. A generic VR system has been developed allowing the Agency to evaluate the performance of VR technology and to define research activities for the coming years. The aims are to build a European expertise in VR technology and to demonstrate the applicability of VR to space programmes.     

基于概念网络的领域知识组织及应用

着眼于智能教学系统领域知识库的建立，引入了一种新的知识表达工具——概念网络（Connet），并结合军事后勤保障计算教学系统的领域知识库和知识导航系统的建立，通过实例就如何使用这种表达工具进行知识组织和管理进行了介绍。     

基于多知识源的语义搭配知识获取及表示方法

为更全面准确地从字词搭配中获取语义搭配信息,提出一种新的语义搭配知识提取模型和知识库的表示方法.利用特殊度度量词语搭配的相关程度,在此基础上,基于知网的语义信息,实现从42万条记录的词语搭配中定量地抽取语义搭配信息.实验结果表明,该方法的语义搭配准确率为92.1％,且较大地扩充了字词搭配的规模.     

基于十进制网络的RFID溯源系统研究和设计

动物食品安全是维系人们生命和健康的重要因素,为实现动物食品溯源信息的实时性、准确性和可靠性,本文在分析EPCglobal组织建立的"EPC网络"、日本泛在中心建立的"UID系统"和黄能耿等提出"通用可溯源编码系统UTCode"后,提出基于十进制网络的射频识别系统,新系统具有轻量级、安全性高、独立性和高度可扩展性等优点,可广泛用于其他类似溯源系统。     

基于多知识源的同音词识别方法

本文提出了基于多知识源的同音词识别方法。该方法利用上下文条件测试函数实现了不定范围的信息相关处理,并根据词性、语义、位置、音节和词频等多种关联信息进行同音词综合识别,取得了较好的同音词识别效果。     

Set of Experience Knowledge Structure (SOEKS) and Decisional DNA (DDNA): Past,Present and Future

This article reviews research work on set of experience knowledge structure (SOEKS)-decisional DNA (DDNA) done in the past, ongoing, and planned for the future. Firstly, the concept of the knowledge representation technique of SOEKS-DDNA is discussed, and then an attempt is made to organize the past research related with it in chronological order. This work focuses on the review on SOEKS-DDNA, its application in different domains, the various implementation platforms, as well as its benefits and its limitations. The second part of this article provides an idea of the SOEKS-DDNA-related research endeavors currently carried out by us and the last part is a sneak peek into our planned future work.     

Modifying the TEI DTD: The Case of Korean Dictionaries

Dictionary markup is one of the concerns of the Text Encoding Initiative (TEI), an international project for text encoding. In this paper, we investigate ways to use and extend the TEI encoding scheme for the markup of Korean dictionary entries. Since TEI suggestions for dictionary markup are mainly for western language dictionaries, we need to cope with problems to be encountered in encoding Korean dictionary entries. We try to extend and modify the TEI encoding scheme in the way suggested by the TEI. Also, we restrict the content model so that the encoded dictionary might be viewed as a database as well as a computerized, originally printed, dictionary. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

From the Past to the Present: Evolution of Computing in the Sinhala Language

The Sinhala writing system used in Sri Lanka is syllabic and features as many as 2,300 glyphs. Computer equipment used to represent Sinhala language needs to facilitate this complexity, in both display and printing, without adding extra complexity to the keyboard or the input systems. This article surveys the evolution of Sinhala computing technology over the past 25 years.     

The Tyranny and the Liberation of Three-Space: a Journey by Ray-Tracer

3D computer graphics has been under-used by fine artists. This paper explores some of the possible reasons for this and also some of the possible attractions of 3D. The rigid depiction of three-space, as performed so accurately by the camera, had been a goal of painters since the Renaissance, but in the twentieth century a host of factors led to its subversion. Only in the sixties and in the US did a photorealist painting become popular. The author suggests that linear perspective has been seen as a tyranny, but the time has come to re-evaluate and liberate it through 3D computer graphics as a medium for fine art. The author's own work using ray-tracing software is described.     

Learning to Match the Schemas of Data Sources: A Multistrategy Approach

The problem of integrating data from multiple data sources—either on the Internet or within enterprises—has received much attention in the database and AI communities. The focus has been on building data integration systems that provide a uniform query interface to the sources. A key bottleneck in building such systems has been the laborious manual construction of semantic mappings between the query interface and the source schemas. Examples of mappings are element location maps to address and price maps to listed-price. We propose a multistrategy learning approach to automatically find such mappings. The approach applies multiple learner modules, where each module exploits a different type of information either in the schemas of the sources or in their data, then combines the predictions of the modules using a meta-learner. Learner modules employ a variety of techniques, ranging from Naive Bayes and nearest-neighbor classification to entity recognition and information retrieval. We describe the LSD system, which employs this approach to find semantic mappings. To further improve matching accuracy, LSD exploits domain integrity constraints, user feedback, and nested structures in XML data. We test LSD experimentally on several real-world domains. The experiments validate the utility of multistrategy learning for data integration and show that LSD proposes semantic mappings with a high degree of accuracy.     

Knowledge management and the semantic Web: from scenario to technology

This article describes a new vision of the semantic Web as a knowledge management environment introduces new requirements, including the ability to semiautomatically learn ontologies and extract metadata. The article's general tenor, and particularly their scenario demonstrating how the semantic Web might be used, was directed toward identifying and using services on the Web. The pursuit of this vision continues.