采用热熔态高炉渣和转炉渣生产水泥熟料的探讨

通过对炼铁高炉渣、转炉渣和水泥熟料的组分进行对比分析,发现其组分比较接近。经初步探讨认为,优化高炉渣和转炉渣的成分,使两者在热熔状态下混合均匀,或同时配加部分矿物,可以生成和水泥熟料基本一致的组分。这样既充分利用了高炉渣和转炉渣及其余热,又减少了水泥熟料的资源消耗,达到了废渣综合利用、节能减排和低碳的目的。     

用莱歇辊式磨粉磨水泥熟料和高炉矿渣

本文提出了一种关于莱歇磨料磨房水泥和粒化高炉矿渣的新设计思路。在保留水平研磨盘的同时府，新设计的莱歇水泥磨用了4个辊子。其中两个作为研磨辊，另外两个则作为研磨床预挤压的预压辊，这样不仅可大幅度提高研磨辊相单位辊压力，同时可在低磨振操作的情况下保证水泥的性能。新为设计简单可靠、研磨元件的使用寿命大于10000h，运转率高。产品质量稳定，其单位电耗显著低于管磨。且优于带高压辊压机预粉磨的管磨系统。     

Preparation of glass-ceramics with low density and high strength using blast furnace slag,glass fiber and water glass

To reduce the production costs of glass-ceramics and broaden the application field of solid waste in steel industry, low-density and high-strength glass-ceramics were produced by using blast furnace slag as the basic material, choosing glass fiber and water glass as the strengthening agents. The effects of glass fiber and water glass on the phase composition, microstructure, apparent density, water absorption and compressive strength of glass–ceramics were investigated. The results show that the rod structure of glass fiber can be retained in the sintered samples and high content of diopside and augite significantly improve the compressive strength of glass-ceramics. Tiny spherical crystalline phases can be obtained for the glass-ceramics soaked in the moderate concentration of water glass. The BGW-2 samples fabricated with 70% blast furnace slag, 30% glass fiber and 4% water glass, exhibit excellent comprehensive properties. The bulk density, water absorption and compressive strength of BGW-2 are 1.76 g/cm³, 2.26% and 68 MPa, respectively. Consequently, using blast furnace slag to prepare glass-ceramics can be another applicable way to utilize blast furnace slag efficiently.     

The usability of the brick dust and blast furnace slag in zeolite-based lime mortars in different curing environments

In this study, air lime was substituted by three different pozzolanic materials, namely BFS and brick powder and zeolite in different proportions as individual or double. The produced pozzolanic lime mortars were cured in air and high relative humidity environments. Special attention was given to the mechanical and physical properties of mortars under different curing conditions. In addition to the curing effect, the effect of using different pozzolans was also investigated.As a result, it has been observed that high relative humidity cure improves the mechanical properties of pozzolan mortars but is not effective on their physical properties. It shows that there are significant differences in the mechanical properties of mortars with pozzolan, which are exposed to different curing conditions, especially at an early age. It shows that the mechanical properties of mortars with pozzolan, which are exposed to different curing conditions, especially at an early age, increase twice on average. The high relative humidity cure shows that the non-pozzolan air-lime mortars slow down the performance properties. Overall, conditions of high relative humidity can more quickly improve the performance characteristics of puzolan mortars.     

Effect of components fineness on strength of blast furnace slag cement

The strength development of 1:1 mixes of clinker and blast furnace slag with varying fineness of components from 3000 to 6000 cm²/g has been studied. Overall results indicate that in manufacturing blast furnace slag cement (BFSC), it is not only the fineness of the clinker-slag mix but also of the individual components which govern the choice of the mix composition for a desired strength.     

利用矿热炉渣、矿渣、精炼渣制备复合水泥

为缓解矿渣等高活性混合材资源的紧张,通过对矿热炉渣、矿渣、精炼渣三种渣按照不同比例复掺进行了试验。试验表明,在加入激发剂后,当矿热炉渣掺量为25%、矿渣为5%、精炼渣为5%时,可配制达到PC42.5水泥;当矿热炉渣掺量为30%、矿渣为15%、精炼渣为5%时,仍可配制合格的PC32.5水泥。     

微波辐射对高炉渣浸取影响的研究

比较了用传统法和微波法浸取高炉渣的效果。研究发现,微波辐射大大加快了高炉渣浸取的速度。测定了微波辐射对高炉渣表面能的影响。结果显示,微波辐射提高了高炉渣的表面能,降低了其与液相的接触角。     

高炉炉体用压入料的研制

以矾土熟料为骨料和掺合细粉，加入适量辅料及添加剂，１２．２％的水及０．２％的减水剂，配制出的压入料具有良好的流动性及可泵性。其体积密度为２．３５ｇ／ｃｍ３，常温耐压强度２２．６７ＭＰ８，烧后线变化率（１２００℃，２ｈ）－０．１％。     

Crystallisation behaviour of blast furnace slag modified by adding fly ash

Crystallisation of molten blast furnace (BF) slag can increase its viscosity, which can in turn affect the quality of slag fibres. Fly ash was added to BF slag to control its crystallisation and modify its chemical composition. FactSage simulation and analyses using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope-backscattered electrons (SEM-BSE) coupled to an energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS), and single hot thermocouple technique (SHTT) were performed to explore the crystallisation behaviour of the modified BF slag. The relationship between temperature, mineral precipitation, and added fly ash content was investigated. The minerals contained in the modified BF were melilite, anorthite, clinopyroxene, and spinel. Variation in the fly ash content did not change the composition of the precipitate, but changed its content and the crystallisation temperature of the minerals, which affects the initial crystallisation temperature of the modified BF slag. It decreased as fly ash content increased, and was influenced by the crystallisation of melilite when the added fly ash content was between 5% and 20%. When the added fly ash content increased to 25%, the initial crystallisation temperature was influenced by the precipitation of anorthite. The initial crystallisation temperatures obtained by FactSage simulation, XRD analysis, and SHTT experiments differed due to kinetic effects. The modified BF slag with a fly ash content of 15% is considered suitable for manufacturing of slag fibres due to its low initial crystallisation temperature and cost.     

Corex矿渣和高炉矿渣配制水泥的性能对比

Corex矿渣和高炉矿渣是不同原材料，不同工艺制度下获得的矿渣，具有不同的特性。与高炉矿渣相比，Corex矿渣具有更高的碱度，更高的非晶态含量，在同样粉磨细度时，配制水泥的强度较高。     

Investigation of hydraulic activity of ground granulated blast furnace slag in concrete

Ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS), a by-product of the steel manufacturing industry, being used as an effective partial cement replacement material, has already been proven to improve several performance characteristics of concrete. The reactivity of GGBFS has been found to depend on the properties of slag, which vary with the source of slag, type of raw material used, method and the rate of cooling. The present work aims at bringing out a novel relationship between the Hydraulic Index (HI) of slag at 7 and 28 days (HI7 and HI28) and the influencing properties of slag, namely, glass content, fineness and chemical composition by employing multiple regression analysis on 37 slag samples from various sources. HI7 and HI28, thus obtained, have been mapped onto a Slag Activity Index (SAI) plot, giving an indication of the ranges of strength of slag.     

含TiO2高炉渣对Sialon结合SiC材料的侵蚀行为

实验考察了含TiO2 高炉渣对Sialon结合SiC耐火材料的侵蚀行为。结果发现 ,渣中TiO2含量仅为 1 .0 5%时 ,耐火材料中将形成Ti(C、N) ,并积聚于工作带 ,阻止熔渣的进一步侵入 ,从而延长了SiC材料的使用寿命     

Development of CaO-rich blast furnace slag containing fluorine mica-based glass ceramic coatings

In the present study, Blast Furnace Slag (BFS) waste was evaluated as a sustainable, cost-effective CaO, SiO₂, Al₂O₃ and MgO substitute for inorganic oxides for the production of frit, a raw material for glass ceramic production. Two different frits were prepared to compare a commercially available frit (F-STD) with frit produced using BFS waste (F-BFS). The samples were characterized by XRF, XRD, heating microscopy, dilatometry and TG-DTA to determine the chemical composition, phase formation and thermal properties. The frits were applied on steel using the electrostatic spray method and subsequently thermally treated at 830 °C for 4.5 min. The reference (GC-STD) and partially BFS-substituted glass ceramic (GC-BFS) coatings were examined by XRD, SEM-EDS and ICP-MS experiments. The main crystal phase for both samples was Ni-substituted fluorine mica (KLiNi₂Si₄O₁₀F₂). GC-BFS was slightly more amorphous (70%) than GC-STD (69.1%), which was correlated with the thermal properties of the BFS waste. Likewise, ICP-MS analysis after a boiling citric acid test (ISO 28706-1: 2008) revealed that the GC-BFS had relatively higher chemical resistance. The total release from the reference sample (GC-STD) was 23.556 mg/L, whereas the total release from the sustainably produced sample (GC-BFS) was 21.451 mg/L, which was consistent with the XRD results.     

Erosion mechanism of tabular alumina of various microstructures under different basicity of blast furnace slag

In this study, three types of commercial tabular alumina aggregates with different microstructural characteristics were selected for corrosion tests on blast furnace slags with varying basicities. A corrosion mechanism with different microstructural characteristics is proposed, and the dominant microstructures in high- and low-basicity environments are evaluated. The pore structure was found to have a crucial influence on the dissolution of tabular alumina aggregates in the blast furnace slag. Under low-basicity (0.5–0.7) conditions, a small amount of clustered pore structure was beneficial for obtaining the maximum thickness (40–60 μm) of the isolation layer between the tabular alumina aggregate and slag. Under high-basicity (0.9–1.1) conditions, the circular pore structure tended to form a uniform and stable double-layer isolation structure of calcium hexaaluminate and MgAl₂O₄ spinel.     

Influence of additions of coal fly ash and quartz on hydrothermal solidification of blast furnace slag

Blast furnace water-cooled slag (BFWS) has been solidified hydrothermally with tobermorite formation. The experimental results showed that the addition of fly ash and quartz was favorable to the formation of tobermorite, and the strength development of solidified body depended on both of the tobermorite formation and filling degree of formed tobermorite in the spaces between BFWS particles. The fly ash added appeared to have a higher reactivity than the quartz used during the initial hydrothermal processing due to the higher solubility of glassy phase in fly ash. The tobermorite formation seemed to be very sensitive to the fly ash content, e.g., the addition of fly ash 10-20 mass% was favorable to tobermorite formation, while the excessive addition of fly ash (> 20 mass%) appeared to impede the tobermorite formation. The excessive addition of quartz was also shown to exert a negative effect on the tobermorite formation, which causes strength deduction.     

使用气化渣进行熟料煅烧的应用

本文将气化渣分别按4%,5%,7%和8.5%使用量进行生料配料,再到最佳配比连续生产应用,通过统计入窑生料分解率、熟料煤耗、30d强度的对比分析,研究气化渣对熟料质量的影响。使用气化渣进行生料配料后,入窑生料分解率有所降低,降幅在1.38%以内,熟料煤耗呈下降趋势,吨熟料煤耗下降9.750kg以上,熟料30d强度大于30.30MPa。     

Ceramics composites from iron ore tailings and blast furnace slag

The search for materials and methods capable of reducing human impacts on the environment is of utmost importance nowadays. This study's primary purpose was to analyze the technical feasibility of ceramic composites production utilizing Fundão Dam's Iron Ore Tailings (IOT), Blast Furnace Slag (BFS) from charcoal, and Foundry Sand (FS) as partial substitutes for the traditional raw materials – sand and clay – for application in building industry materials. The composites were molded in rectangular specimens and fired at temperatures of 900, 950, 1000, 1050, and 1200 °C. The developed materials were analyzed and characterized by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS), Thermogravimetry (TGA), and Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA). The obtained materials had flexural strength modulus of up to 12.19 MPa, water absorption ranging from 2 to 22%, linear shrinkage ranging from 0.02 to 6.50%, and apparent density ranging from 2.03 to 1.63 g/cm³. The study of the internal structure formation process revealed the formation of amorphous structures in the composites. The results demonstrated that these waste materials may be jointly used in construction materials, contributing to the reduction of natural resource extraction, besides enabling their correct disposal, minimizing environmental impacts, and improving the life quality of the surrounding communities.     

攀钢高炉钛渣对出铁沟用耐火骨料侵蚀的相图热力学模拟分析

选取高炉出铁沟耐火材料常用的5种骨料(分别为棕刚玉、电熔刚玉、亚白刚玉、富铝尖晶石和特级矾土,粒度均为5～10 mm)和攀钢高炉钛渣(w(TiO2)=26%)作为研究对象,通过相图热力学计算和静态坩埚侵蚀试验对比研究,探讨了攀钢高炉钛渣条件下出铁沟耐火骨料的选择.热力学计算表明,电熔刚玉具有良好的抗钛渣侵蚀能力,而特级矾土骨料被侵蚀后形成的新渣相黏度高,有利于阻止渣对耐火材料的进一步渗透;而静态坩埚试验结果难以反映和判断材料高温下侵蚀的反应过程.因此,相图热力学计算技术可作为分析耐火材料侵蚀情况的可靠方法和手段.     

硫酸铵熔融反应法从含钛高炉渣中回收钛

以承钢含钛高炉渣、(NH₄)₂SO₄和KHSO₄为主要原料,通过熔融反应法使其中的钛转化为易溶于水的形式,达到回收钛的目的。考察了(NH₄)₂SO₄加入量、KHSO₄加入量、加热温度和保温时间对钛回收率的影响。实验结果表明,反应温度和保温时间对钛回收率的影响较大。回收钛的最适条件为：含钛高炉渣与(NH₄)₂SO₄的质量比为1∶6,反应温度为350℃,保温时间为27 min,在此条件下钛的回收率为91.7%,硫酸铵中氮的挥发损失率为81.5%。回收钛后所得残渣主要含有大量硫酸钙、二氧化硅和少量钙钛矿、钙铝黄长石。     

Activation of blast furnace slag by a new method

Blast furnace slag is used as supplementary cementing material for the production of blended cement and slag cement. Its latently hydraulic properties can be activated by several methods. Most applications employ the use of high pH values in the pore solution (> 13.0) to accelerate the corrosion of the glass network of the slag.It is shown in this work that activation is also possible by lowering the pH to a range between 11.8 and 12.2 by the addition of calcium hydroxide and soluble calcium salts. Among the salts investigated in this study are calcium chloride, calcium bromide, calcium nitrate, calcium formate, and calcium acetate. Other salts can be used alternatively as long as they are able to increase the calcium ion concentration and thus reduce the pH in the pore solution via the calcium hydroxide equilibrium. Complex formation of organic anions with calcium ions in the pore solution is a serious handicap when using organic calcium salts.This concept was tested on a particular slag improving its early compressive strength. It was possible to increase the strength of mortar bars produced from the pure slag from 3 MPa to 25 MPa after seven days by adding calcium hydroxide, calcium carbonate and calcium acetate. The early strength of slag cement containing 80% slag was increased from 6 to 16 MPa after two days by adding calcium chloride. The final strength was increased from 36 to 53 MPa after 28 days (water/cement-ratio = 0.40, 20 °C).Analytical data is included to demonstrate that application of the aforementioned concept is able to increase heat liberation and degree of slag consumption.