纳米SiO_2在水性介质中的分散稳定性研究

纳米SiO2特殊的性能使其在很多领域都得到了广泛的应用,而纳米SiO2能否在水性介质中稳定分散将会影响产品的最终质量。本实验选择了九水合硅酸钠和聚丙烯酰胺作为分散剂,并通过激光粒度分析仪和沉降实验对纳米颗粒的分散稳定性进行评价。发现高速研磨能够使聚丙烯酰胺充分地吸附到纳米颗粒表面,聚丙烯酰胺能使纳米SiO2颗粒在水溶液中保持良好的分散稳定性,但是,聚丙烯酰胺的加入量过饱和反而会引起纳米SiO2颗粒的团聚,九水合硅酸钠和聚丙烯酰胺结合起来使用可以发挥协同效应,从而显著改善纳米SiO2颗粒在水溶液中的分散稳定性。     

硅烷偶联剂改性纳米SiO_2的分散性能

用硅烷偶联剂KH-570对纳米SiO2进行表面改性,用红外光谱仪(IR)、热重(TA)、Zeta电位、SEM、性能测试等对改性纳米SiO2进行了研究,结果表明,偶联剂KH-570与SiO2化学结合形成了Si—O—Si键,其附着量约5.8%,结合溶剂水约10.35%;改性纳米SiO2在乙醇介质中的Zeta电位由-14.9 mV减小到-41.1mV,体系稳定性可达60 h以上;改性SiO2用作光固化牙科复合树脂的填料,分散性显著提高,其维氏硬度、压缩强度、弹性弯曲强度等性能提高10%以上。     

纳米TiO2光催化材料分散性及其降解效率研究

采用苯丙乳液、锐钛型纳米级二氧化钛和表面活性剂,制得应用于道路交通设施中的光催化净化大气环保材料,在日光照射下降解汽车尾气中的有害气体.研究了分散方法、分散剂的种类、分散剂的浓度及分散时间对纳米TiO2分散性的影响,利用透射电镜对其分散情况进行观察,并对其分散机理进行探讨与研究.结果表明,采用合理的分散方法和适量的表面活性剂能有效改善纳米TiO2在水中的分散度,提高颗粒的稳定性,增强了光催化材料的光降解能力,有效提高了对汽车尾气中有害气体的降解能力.     

纳米TiO_2在液相中的分散性研究

探讨了纳米TiO2颗粒在水分散介质中的分散工艺,研究了机械搅拌、无机电解质、表面活性剂等对TiO2分散性的影响。研究结果表明,以水作分散介质,通过机械搅拌并加入无机电解质Na4P2O7·10H2O、(NaPO4)6和表面活性剂山梨醇、三乙醇胺、OP-10、SDBS,以及选择合适的pH值可制备出分散稳定性良好的纳米TiO2分散体系。     

纳米SiO_2的表面改性及作为润滑油添加剂的研究进展

纳米SiO2用作润滑油添加剂的研究尚处于起步阶段,但从研究结果看出,它具有优良的摩擦学性能。本文中简单介绍了纳米SiO2表面改性方法,总结了它作为润滑油添加剂的研究现状;并对作用机理进行了探讨;最后提出其作为润滑油添加剂的发展趋势,即纳米SiO2粒子的制备和表面修饰的“一体化”,制备高聚物-纳米SiO2杂化粒子以及对其摩擦学机理进行研究。     

纳米SiO_2接枝改性的研究进展

纳米SiO_2的接枝改性是改善其表面性能,赋予其一定的功能性,发挥其性能优越性以及扩大其应用范围的重要方法.本文介绍了纳米SiO_2各种接枝改性方法及其反应原理,根据各种接枝方法的聚合方式、反应机理对纳米SiO_2的接枝方法进行分类介绍,并阐述其各种接枝方法的最新进展.     

纳米SiO_2/纤维素包装薄膜结构形态及性能研究

采用具有活性基团的硅烷偶联剂KH550(γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷)对纳米SiO2粒子的表面进行改性。以NMMO为溶剂,以纤维素为原料,并向铸膜液中添加改性纳米SiO2,制备改性纳米SiO2/纤维素膜。采用原子力显微镜(AFM)观察了改性纳米SiO2/纤维素薄膜的表面形态,结合电子显微镜(SEM)观察其断面结构,并测定了薄膜的力学性能和透氧透湿性能。实验结果表明:改性后的SiO2较好的在铸膜液中分散,当SiO2粒径为30nm,添加量为2%,偶联剂用量为5%时,纳米复合纤维素膜的各项性能达到最佳。     

纳米ZrO2在液相中分散的研究进展

综述了纳米ZrO2在液相中的分散机理和分散方法,详细分析了溶液中的pH值、离子强度、分散剂用量和结构及液体介质对纳米ZrO2悬浮液稳定性的影响,论述了表征纳米ZrO2悬浮液稳定性的几种方法.     

纳米SiO_2/聚丙烯酸酯复合乳液的制备与性能研究

采用原位聚合制备了纳米SiO2/聚丙烯酸酯复合乳液,研究了SiO2的用量对成膜时间、光泽度、吸水倍率、机械及耐酸碱性能和热性能的影响。结果表明添加纳米SiO2后,可以显著降低聚合物乳液的成膜时间,提高胶膜的附着力和硬度、胶膜的抗冲击强度、膜弹性和耐热分解性能。     

纳米SiO_2材料的制备及其发光性能研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了纳米SiO2,样品在800℃下煅烧2h。X-射线衍射(XRD)及扫描电子显微镜(SEM)测试结果表明,该材料具有非晶态结构,颗粒尺寸为90~100nm。该样品在紫外灯照射下发出强烈的黄绿色可见光;对样品进行荧光光谱分析表明,该材料可以发射出较强的490nm的蓝绿光和弱的520nm的绿光。     

纳米SiO_2改性相变储热微胶囊的制备及性能研究

以亲水型纳米SiO2粒子改性的三聚氰胺一甲醛树脂作为微胶囊壁材,以相变材料正十二醇为芯材,采用原.位聚合法,制备了纳米SiO2改性的相变储热微胶囊,研究了纳米SiO2粒子对微胶囊性能的影响,采用FTIR、DSC和SEM等方法进行了表征.结果表明,当壁材中加入适量的纳米SiO2时,纳米粒子在壁材里面分布均匀,微胶囊的相变焓提高,破损率降低,且纳米SiO2不会破坏预聚体的缩聚反应.当壁材中纳米SiO2质量分数为1%时,制备的微胶囊相变焓达148.7J/g,微胶囊破损率为23.1%.     

液相还原法制备纳米镍粉

为优化纳米镍粉的液相还原法制备工艺,本文以硫酸镍为主盐,水合肼为还原剂,水浴75 ℃条件下,选取产物纯度、产物粒径、反应速率等关键指标开展工艺优化试验,分别研究了NaOH加入量、溶剂种类、有无分散剂,反应物摩尔比,加料顺序五个变量对于镍粉制备的影响.采用XRD和TEM对产物镍粉进行了表征.结果表明,NaOH的加入量影响产物组成,溶剂种类影响产物粒径大小,分散剂对产物的团聚状态有影响,反应物摩尔比以及加料顺序影响体系的反应速率.最终获得如下的优化工艺：NaOH的加入量在0.015~0.02 mol,乙醇和乙二醇做反应溶剂,加入分散剂PVP,反应物摩尔比为4: 1以及采用氢氧化钠与水合肼混合后再向混合溶液中加入硫酸镍溶液的顺序可以获得较为纯净、粒径较小、分散性好的球形纳米镍粉,并且有较快的反应速率.     

Dispersion and reaction of TiB2 in liquid iron alloys

Abstract

The degree of reaction and dispersion achieved when TiB₂ powders are melted in contact with liquid iron based alloys has been assessed via a levitation dispersion test which had been developed earlier. Both Fe₂B and TiC were observed to form as a result of dissolution and reaction of TiB₂. The formation of TiC occurs during the reaction of commercial grade TiB₂ with liquid iron alloys containing as little as 0·08 wt-%C. The reaction of high purity TiB₂ with liquid iron alloys containing 0·24 wt-%C does not however lead to TiC formation. The formation of Fe₂B was observed for all conditions tested, owing to the effectively zero solubility of boron in solid iron. The TiB₂ remaining after dissolution and reaction was found to produce relatively good dispersions in the iron matrix and therefore additions of TiB₂ to liquid iron alloys may provide a means of producing Fe–TiB₂ composite materials. However, the brittle properties of Fe₂B will mean that, whereas such materials may be very hard, they are likely to lack toughness.

MST/1477     

Computation of X-ray powder diffractograms of cement components and its application to phase analysis and hydration performance of OPC cement

The importance of computed X-ray diffraction patterns of various polymorphs of alite (M₃, T₁, R{\bf \emph{M}_{3}, \emph{T}_{1}, \emph{R}}), belite (b\boldsymbol{\beta}, g\boldsymbol{\gamma}), aluminate (cubic, orthorhombic), aluminoferrite, gypsum and hemihydrate in the quantitative phase analysis of cement and its early stage hydration performance is highlighted in this work with three OPC samples. The analysis shows that the predominant silicate phases present in all the samples are M₃{\bf \emph{M}_{3}}-alite phase and b\boldsymbol{\beta}-belite phase, respectively. Both cubic and orthorhombic phases of C ₃ A, brownmillerite, gypsum and hemihydrates are present at different levels. Quantitative phase analysis of cement by Rietveld refinement method provides more accurate and comprehensive data of the phase composition compared to Bogue method. The comparative hydration performance of these samples was studied with w/c{\bf \emph{w/c}} ratio, 0·5 and the results are interpreted in the light of difference in phase compositions viz. b\boldsymbol{\beta}-C ₂ S/C ₃ S ratio, fraction of finer cement particles present in the samples and theoretical modeling of C ₃ S hydration.     

聚苯乙烯/纳米SiO2复合颗粒制备与表征

为改善二氧化硅(SiO2)纳米粒子与聚合物基体间的亲和性,使SiO2表面功能化,将硅烷偶联剂KH-570引入C=C基团,采用乳液聚合方法在纳米SiO2粒子表面接枝苯乙烯(St)单体,实现了纳米二氧化硅表面的聚苯乙烯(PS)高分子包覆改性,制备了具有核/壳结构的SiO2-PS复合纳米粒子,产物的单体转化率和接枝效率在80%以上.研究了二氧化硅含量和偶联剂用量对聚合反应的单体转化率和接枝效率的影响,探讨了偶联剂的作用机理,利用FT-IR、TEM、TG对SiO2-PS复合粒子的表面结构进行了表征.结果表明,复合粒子具有明显的核壳结构,壳层厚度在20nm左右,乳液聚合过程可有效使二氧化硅的团聚体剥离呈纳米级颗粒.     

弹性体修饰纳米SiO2粒子改性PBT

选用乙烯-丙烯酸酯-甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯(E-MA-GMA)三元共聚物对纳米SiO₂表面进行修饰包覆改性,考察改性后纳米SiO₂在聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯(PBT)基体中的分散情况及对PBT复合材料力学性能的影响。FTIR、TEM、SEM结果表明,E-MA-GMA的环氧基团与纳米SiO₂的—OH 基团发生反应,破坏了SiO₂的链状团聚结构,降低了纳米粒子间氢键等作用力。质量分数为10%～20% E-MA-GMA 改性的纳米SiO₂在PBT基体中的分散性及其与基体的相容性均得到明显改善,从而提高了PBT基复合材料的弯曲和拉伸性能。与纯PBT相比,SiO₂/PBT复合材料的拉伸强度提高了9%,而弯曲强度和模量分别提高了14%和20%。     

纳米SiO2对静电纺LA-PA/PET复合相变纤维形态和热学性能的影响

以月桂酸和棕榈酸二元低共熔混合物(LA-PA)、聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯(PET)和纳米二氧化硅(SiO2)为原料,通过静电纺丝的方法成功制备了新型的LA-PA/PET/SiO2定形相变复合纤维。分别采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和差示扫描量热仪(DSC)研究了纳米SiO2对静电纺LA-PA/PET/SiO2复合相变纤维的形貌结构和热学性能的影响。SEM观察结果显示,随着纳米SiO2的加入,复合相变纤维表面呈现出光滑的形态特点,纤维直径有所降低;且随着纳米SiO2含量的增加而逐渐减小。DSC分析结果表明纳米SiO2的含量对复合相变纤维的熔化焓值和结晶焓值有一定的影响,对相变温度没有显著性的影响。     

Microstructural evolution during the supersolidus liquid phase sintering of nickel-based prealloyed powder mixtures

A novel concept for full-density sintering is described. Two prealloyed powders with slight compositional differences are tailored to separate the solidus temperatures into high-melt and low-melt compositions. A mixture of these two powder compositions allows full-density sintering at a temperature between the two solidus temperatures. For these experiments, the two powders were nickel-based alloys, where the low-melt powder contained boron. The mixed powders were sintered at temperatures above the solidus of the low-melt powder to form a transient liquid that promoted rapid densification of the mixture. Microstructure evolution during sintering was assisted using quenching experiments. Variables in this study included the heating rate, peak temperature, hold time, and powder ratio. Interdiffusion between the two powders controls microstructure evolution, with a dominant role associated with boron diffusion and reaction. The transient liquid phase responsible for densification is linked to boron diffusion and subsequent compound precipitation.     

Effects of limestone powder on CaCO3 precipitation in CO2 cured cement pastes

The concept of using limestone powder as supplementary materials to accelerate cement hydration has been explored widely. There have also been interests in using CO₂ curing to enhance the early strength of concretes. This study investigated the effects of incorporating limestone powder on CO₂ curing of cement-based materials. The results showed that using limestone powder to partially replace cement could significantly increase the CO₂ curing degree of the cement pastes. QXRD analysis showed that calcite was the major reaction product, accompanied by amorphous calcium carbonate. The mass ratio of poorly crystallized calcium carbonate to highly crystallized calcium carbonate (DC/HC ratio) formed was affected by both the applied CO₂ pressure and the use of limestone powder. At low pressure, incorporating limestone powder led to an increase in the DC/HC ratio. However, a reversed trend was observed in the case of high CO₂ pressure.