黄芪切片热风干燥特性及动力学模型研究

分别研究热风温度(40,50,60℃)、风速(0.4,0.8,1.2m/s)和切片厚度(3,6,9mm)对黄芪切片热风干燥曲线、有效水分扩散系数、复水比和色差的影响,利用Weibull分布函数对试验数据进行拟合,并计算黄芪切片热风干燥活化能。结果表明:黄芪切片热风干燥属于降速干燥过程,热风温度和切片厚度对干燥时间影响较大,干燥过程服从Weibull分布函数(R~2=0.995 1~0.999 2);有效水分扩散系数为0.321×10~(-7)~1.178×10~(-7) m~2/s,热风温度和切片厚度对其影响较大,呈正相关性;干燥活化能为56.49kJ/mol,说明干燥操作较易实现;黄芪切片干制品复水比为2.02~2.43,随热风温度的升高而减小,随切片厚度的增加而增大;色差为1.96~7.01,随热风温度和风速的增加而增大,随切片厚度的增加而减小。     

干制温度和切片厚度对山楂切片热风干制动力学的影响

在本研究中,为了探讨热风温度和切片厚度对山楂热风干制动力学的影响,将厚度为2 mm和4 mm的山楂切片置于50~90℃的热风干燥箱内进行干制处理,并采用5种常见食品薄层干燥模型对实验数据进行非线性拟合,通过比较评价决定系数(R~2)、卡方(χ~2)和均方根误差(RMSE)等统计数据确定山楂切片薄层热风干燥过程的最优模型。结果表明:山楂切片薄层热风干燥是内部水分扩散控制的降速干燥过程。Page模型是描述山楂切片薄层热风干燥过程的最优模型。不同干燥条件下有效水分扩散系数Deff和活化能Ea的求解结果表明,有效水分扩散系数Deff随热风温度和切片厚度的增加而增加,在干制温度范围内有效扩散系数的值在2.69×10~(-11)~16.12×10~(-11)m~2/s之间变化。对于切片厚度为2 mm和4 mm的山楂切片,活化能Ea分别为20.43、26.25 k J/mol。     

红肉苹果片穿流式热风薄层干燥特性及数学模型

以新疆红肉苹果为试材,研究不同切片厚度、热风温度及热风速率下苹果切片的干燥特性,通过Origin8.0软件对试验数据进行数学模型拟合,得到红肉苹果片的热风薄层干燥模型。结果表明,热风温度、切片厚度和热风风速对红肉苹果片的干燥特性均有一定影响,热风温度对其影响程度最为显著。热风温度越高,切片厚度越小,风速越大,红肉苹果片的干燥速率越大。综合而言,在热风温度80℃、切片厚度2 mm、热风速度1.5m/s时,红肉苹果片干燥速率最大。所选6个数学模型均可以较好地阐述红肉苹果片在热风薄层干燥过程中的水分变化规律,其中Page模型具有最高的R~2值、最低均方根误差RMSE及卡方值χ~2,更适于评估红肉苹果片干燥过程中的水分脱除规律。     

无核白葡萄箱式热风干燥特性及干燥模型研究

分析热风温度(30~45℃)、热风风速(0.5~2 m/s)等因素对无核白葡萄干燥特性的影响,计算不同条件下水分有效扩散系数(Deff)及干燥活化能(Ea),再采用4种薄层干燥模型对不同试验条件进行非线性拟合,并比较不同条件的R~2、RMSE和χ~2值。结果表明:在干燥过程中,随着干燥温度及风速的升高,Deff也随之升高,利用阿伦尼乌斯公式计算出无核白葡萄的干燥活化能为22.95kJ/mol。通过4种模型的R~2、RMSE和χ~2值比较,Parabolic模型的拟合结果最好,最能描述葡萄干燥过程中水分比的变化规律,可为无核白葡萄干燥生产提供理论依据。     

番木瓜热风干燥特性分析

探讨不同干燥温度和不同切片厚度条件下番木瓜的热风干燥特性。通过9种数学模型对番木瓜热风干燥试验数据进行拟合,结果表明:同大多数农产品干燥一样,番木瓜热风干燥主要为降速过程。不同干燥温度和物料厚度番木瓜热风干燥的水分有效扩散系数Deff的变化范围分别是1.798 4×10-8~3.323 3×10-8,0.579 3×10-8~2.852 2×10-8 m2/s,由此可以看出番木瓜热风干燥的水分有效扩散系数随着干燥温度和物料厚度的增大而增大;Page模型是番木瓜热风干燥过程的最适模型,平均R2值、SSE值、RMSE值和X2值分别为0.998 1,0.003 3,0.012 4,0.000 2。经回归分析,得到温度、厚度与有效水分扩散系数Deff的关系表达式。研究结果可以为生产实践中预测番木瓜热风干燥的水分变化提供参考。     

杏鲍菇切片热风干制数学模型的建立

研究杏鲍菇切片在不同干制温度(70、80、90℃)和切片厚度(2、4 mm)下的薄层热风干制特性及干制过程数学模型的建立,分析切片厚度和热风干制温度对干制特性的影响。试验结果表明,杏鲍菇切片热风干制的过程以降速干燥为主。杏鲍菇切片热风干制时的水分转移符合Fick's扩散模型。从R~2、χ~2和RMSE三个统计数据分析,Page方程模型与杏鲍菇切片干制过程拟合度较高。     

甘蔗皮热风对流干燥特性及数学模型

以甘蔗皮为试材,研究不同甘蔗皮长度、热风温度及热风速度下甘蔗皮的热风对流干燥特性,利用Origin2018软件对实验数据进行数学模型拟合,得到甘蔗皮的热风薄层干燥模型。结果表明:热风温度升高,甘蔗皮干燥速率增大;热风干燥温度超过100℃,甘蔗皮不但成品色泽变暗,而且干燥过程中还散发刺鼻焦糊气味。增大风速,可以缩短甘蔗皮干燥周期;但是,风速超过4 m/s,进一步增大风速对提升甘蔗皮干燥速率不明显。甘蔗皮长度过短、过长都不利于提升甘蔗皮干燥速率,25 cm甘蔗皮干燥速率最大。甘蔗皮热风干燥下(温度为70～120℃)的有效水分扩散系数为(9.221×10~(-9)～2.626 2×10~(-8))m~2/s,活化能E_a=13.58 kJ/mol。对9种不同数学模型进行拟合,发现Page模型具有最高的R~2值和最低的均方根误差RMSE,更适于评估甘蔗皮热风干燥的水分脱除规律。     

燕麦马铃薯复合面条热风干燥特性及其数学模型研究

为探讨燕麦马铃薯复合面条热风干燥特性,以燕麦马铃薯粉为原料,制作复合面条,分析在不同温度、风速和面条厚度条件下复合面条的热风干燥特性,并建立相关的数学模型。结果表明:热风温度越高,风速越大,面条厚度越小,干燥时间越短;温度及面条厚度对复合面条的干燥特性影响较大,而风速影响较小,降速阶段为其主要阶段;Midilli模型能很好地表征复合面条的干燥过程,拟合效果较好(R~20.9),试验值和预测值能够较好地吻合,该模型可为复合面条热风干燥过程提供可靠的分析和预测;有效水分扩散系数D_(eff)在10~(-10) m~2/s数量级范围内,且随干燥温度和风速的升高、面条厚度的降低而增大,复合面条干燥活化能Ea为43.15kJ/mol。     

猕猴桃切片流化床干燥特性与干燥动力学模型研究

为了提高猕猴桃切片制干品质、缩短干燥时间,采用流化床干燥技术对其进行干燥,研究温度(55,65,75,85℃)、风速(1.5,2.5,3.5,4.5m/s)和厚度(5,10,15mm)对猕猴桃切片热风干燥曲线、水分有效扩散系数以及干燥活化能的影响。结果表明:猕猴桃切片的整个干燥过程属于降速干燥,水分有效扩散系数为1.29639×10^-9~4.58994×10^-9 m²/s,且随温度、风速的增大而升高,随切片厚度的减少而增大;猕猴桃切片活化能为23.03kJ/mol。对10种常见的干燥动力学模型进行拟合发现,Logarithmic模型效果最佳。     

百合热风干制动力学的研究

为了探讨热风温度对百合热风干制动力学的影响,分别将百合鳞片和百合切丝置于65～85℃的热风干燥箱内进行干制处理,并采用5种常见食品薄层干燥模型对实验数据进行非线性拟合,通过比较评价决定系数(R~2)、卡方(χ~2)和均方根误差(RMSE)等统计数据确定百合薄层热风干燥过程的最优模型。结果表明:百合薄层热风干燥是内部水分扩散控制的降速干燥过程。Page模型是描述百合薄层热风干燥过程的最优模型。不同干燥条件下有效水分扩散系数D_(eff)和活化能Ea的求解结果表明,有效水分扩散系数Deff随热风温度升高而增加,在干制温度范围内,百合切丝有效扩散系数的值在7.73～14.12×10~(-9)m~2/s之间变化,而百合鳞片有效扩散系数的值在4.12～9.49×10~(-9)m~2/s之间变化。对于百合切丝和百合鳞片,活化能Ea分别为30.37和42.42 k J/mol。百合切丝干制能缩短干制时间,减少能量消耗。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press     

INFOPRINT 2014 was Successfully Held in Dongguan

Sponsored by Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China （PEIAC） and organized by Print China magazine, the Seventeenth Beijing International Printing Information Conference （INFOPRINT 2014） was successfully held on 11th Dec. 2014 at Dongguan Exhibition International Hotel.