润滑剂在温挤压中的应用研究

对40Cr、1Cr18Ni9Ti钢温挤压润滑剂应用研究,发现不同成分的润滑剂其润滑效果具有很大的区别。挤压温度低于400℃时,各种润滑剂均具有较低的摩擦因数,石墨系润滑剂的摩擦因数最低,润滑效果相对最好;挤压温度高于400℃时,石墨系润滑剂仍保持较低的摩擦因数,PbO的摩擦因数增加最快。     

温挤压下钛白粉对铝合金摩擦系数影响研究

在分析铝合金温挤压用润滑剂的基础上,实验研究了不同温度下钛白粉的润滑效果.结果表明,钛白粉在铝合金温挤压成形中具有一定的润滑作用.在350℃下摩擦系数最小,可是润滑效果仍然没有石墨的理想.使用钛白粉代替石墨作为铝合金的润滑剂的设想暂时行不通.     

铝合金温挤压用润滑剂实验研究

在分析铝合金温挤压用润滑剂的基础上,实验研究了不同温度下滑石粉的润滑效果.结果表明,滑石粉在铝合金温挤压成形中具有一定的润滑作用,在350℃下其摩擦系数最小,为0.25.     

铝合金板温成形过程拉深筋部位摩擦系数的测试

基于板料成形时法兰区周向收缩、厚向增厚的特点和温成形的环境,针对铝合金板温成形过程拉深筋部位摩擦系数的测量,研制了一套新型摩擦测试装置.探讨了压边力、成形温度、润滑状态三种工艺参数和铝合金板试样楔形角对拉深筋部位摩擦系数的影响.研究表明,成形温度和润滑剂对摩擦系数影响比压边力明显;当不采用润滑剂时,随着成形温度从室温上升到250℃,摩擦系数有明显的增加;在高温状态下,三种润滑剂的使用,都可以大大降低温成形时的摩擦系数,但这三种润滑剂之间的润滑效果差异并不明显;在不同楔形角的铝合金试样成形过程中,拉深筋部位的摩擦系数随着角度的增大而增大.     

石墨增强体对SiC/Gr/Al复合材料干摩擦磨损性能的影响

采用挤压铸造技术制备不同粒径石墨颗粒增强的40%SiC/5%Gr/Al复合材料,研究了石墨颗粒对摩擦系数和磨损率的影响.结果表明,随着石墨的加入,复合材料的摩擦系数降低,磨损抗力提高170～340倍.另外,石墨颗粒粒径的增加也导致磨损抗力的提高,这是由于在干摩擦的过程中形成由铁的氧化物、石墨及SiC等组成的具有润滑性质的薄膜.     

40MN锆挤压机挤压工艺研究

锆合金因其变形抗力大、流动性差、粘性强等特性,锆合金挤压过程中对挤压比、工模具形状、挤压速度、加热温度、润滑工艺等都有严格的要求。某40 MN双动锆挤压机组生产某牌号核级锆材,采用专用润滑剂涂层润滑,坯锭的加热温度偏差控制在30℃左右,保温时间控制在10 min左右,采用扩孔挤压,扩孔速度控制在5~10 mm/s,挤压速度3~5 mm/s。达到锆合金挤压的最佳效果。     

铝合金筒体侧向挤压润滑条件分析及润滑剂配比研究

润滑条件对铝合金筒体凸台侧向挤压成形有着重要影响。通过润滑条件对成形等效应变及凸模载荷影响的模拟、分析得出:当摩擦因数增大时,等效应变、筒壁变形和凸模平均载荷值增加,但凸模载荷波动减小。综合分析后确定:当摩擦因数为0.25时,具有较好的挤压效果。水基石墨润滑剂较适合于铝合金的等温挤压,为获得该摩擦因数,制取5种不同石墨含量的润滑剂,通过摩擦试验分析,确定摩擦因数。试验结果表明:当石墨含量为质量分数18%时,该润滑剂的摩擦因数为0.25,此配比较适合于铝合金筒体凸台的侧向挤压成形。     

水基润滑剂在温挤成形中的应用

温挤成形工艺在生产中应用广泛,虽然通过对模具材料的热处理和表面处理技术,提高了模具自身性能,但由于模具长时间处于高温、高压状态,使得模具容易产生磨损和回火现象,严重影响模具的使用寿命。为了解决这个问题,具体分析了几种常用润滑材料的物理特性和润滑性能,针对不同类型润滑剂在不同环境条件下的润滑效果和冷却效果进行了对比研究,得到了水基润滑剂的适用温度范围。其中,水基石墨润滑剂在300~800℃挤压温度范围内,润滑性能可靠,可以使模具表面冷却,实现延长模具的使用寿命的设计构想。     

铝合金热模锻润滑机理研究与应用

针对传统铝合金热模锻润滑剂进行成膜性和摩擦系数试验,结果表明,含磷酸盐水基石墨在模具表面形成化学反应膜,摩擦系数最小且随温度变化平稳;油基石墨和石墨润滑脂接触面大部分为薄膜润滑,试样表面光洁度较高.同时,针对石墨和油斑难清理及环境污染的缺点,提出一种新型环保无石墨润滑剂,可降低摩擦系数和提高试样表面光洁度.     

激光微织构固体润滑表面高温摩擦学性能研究

目的 研究微织构纳米固体润滑剂及碳纳米管(CNTs)添加剂对微织构表面高温润滑性能的影响.方法 采用YLP-HP-1-100-100-100型光纤激光器在Cr4M04V高温轴承钢表面进行织构化处理,并填充二硫化钼(MoS2)-聚酰亚胺(PI)和不同碳纳米管添加含量的MoS2-PI-CNTs复合固体润滑剂.在环-盘接触的MMU-10G高温摩擦磨损试验机上进行了环境温度从室温到400℃的滑动摩擦性能试验.结果 填充含纳米MoS2的复合固体润滑剂的微织构表面的摩擦系数比填充含相同含量微米MoS2的低35％左右.微织构纳米MoS2-PI自润滑表面摩擦系数随碳纳米管含量的增加先减小后增大,当碳纳米管质量分数为6％时,其摩擦系数最小,且比无碳纳米管的低37％左右.在MoS2-PI纳米复合润滑剂中添加6％碳纳米管后,MoS2-PI-CNTs纳米复合润滑剂具有更高的使用温度和更低的摩擦系数.结论 纳米MoS2的润滑效果优于微米MoS2,碳纳米管有利于提高MoS2-PI复合固体润滑剂的耐热性能和润滑减摩性能.     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

The Mirror with Patterns of Auspicious Animals and Grapes——Exquisite cast mirror and the technology of surface tin-enrichment by rubbing-in and infiltration of tin-rich powder

<正>Bronze mirrors were used by the Chinese people before the introduction of the glass mirror.Only after it was replaced by the glass mirror did the bronze mirror gradually retreat from people's lives.Different styles of bronze mirrors were made in different historical periods,particularly in the Warring States Period,the Han and Tang Dynasties,which were the three peaks of the development of bronze mirror arts in ancient China.The casting techniques were exquisite.The surface of the bronze mirror was smooth and bright enough to reflect one's image,and there were scarcely any casting defects on the mirror surface.On the back of the bronze mirror,there were rich depictions of Arts and Humanities,and the ornamentations were also     

The 9th China International Diecasting Congress & Exhibition

The 9th China International Diecasting Congress ＆ Exhibition was held on July 22-24, 2014 at Shanghai New International Expc Centre. This exhibition was the most successful over the years, with over 6890 visitors and 155 exhibitors, and the exhibition area increased by 30% from 9,500 square meters in 2012 to 12340 square meters. Die casting enterprises from a total of 24 countries and regions, including China mainland, Chinese Taiwan and Hong Kong, South Korea, Japan, Germany, India, Thailand, Malaysia, the United States, Russia, Australia, Iran, Ukraine, Brazil, Colombia, Singapore, Austria, Canada, Croatia, France, Turkey, United Kingdom, Vietnam, attended the congress and exhibition.     

Introduction of the Fluid Control Engineering Institute of Kunming University of Science and Technology

正The Fluid Control Engineering Institute of Kunming University of Science and Technology was set up in 1996.The researches of institute concentrate on electro-hydraulic(pneumatic)servo/proportional control and hydromechatronics.The Institute is committed to research and development of electro-hydraulic control of high-end technical equipment in ferrous metallurgy refining produc-     

RARE METALS Volume Contents

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Antimony Induced Crystallization of Amorphous Silicon

Antimony induced crystallization of PVD (physics vapor deposition) amorphous silicon can be observed on sapphire substrates. Very large crystalline regions up to several tens of micrometers can be formed. The Si diffraction patterns of the area of crystallization can be observed with TEM (transmission electron microscopy). Only a few and much smaller crystals of the order of 1μm were formed when the antimony layer was deposited by MBE (molecular beam epitaxy) compared with a layer formed by thermal evaporation. The use of high vacuum is essential in order to observe any Sb induced crystallization at all. In addition it is necessary to take measures to limit the evaporation of the antimony.     

A CUMULATIVE FATIGUE DAMAGE RULE UNDER THE ALTERNATIVE OF CORROSION OR CYCLIC LOADING

Fatigue damage increases with the applied loading cycles in a cumulative manner and the material deteriorates with the corrosion time. A cumulative fatigue damage rule under the alternative of corrosion or cyclic loading was proposed. The specimens of aluminum alloy LY12-CZ soaked in corrosive liquid for different times were tested under the constant amplitude cyclic loading to obtain S-N curves. The test was carried out to verify the proposed cumulative fatigue damage rule under the different combinations among corrosion time, loading level, and the cycle numbers. It was shown that the predicted residual fatigue lives showed a good agreement with the experimental results and the proposed rule was simple and can be easily adopted.