车身装配尺寸链生成方法

误差分析中装配函数的构造在装配体尺寸质量评价中扮演重要的角色。尺寸链的形成过程反映了装配函数的核心内容。针对柔性零件的装配连接特征,首先建立了车身装配尺寸链信息模型,通过路径搜索算法,提出车身装配体尺寸链的实现和生成方法。所生成的尺寸链综合考虑了设计要求、装配工艺（顺序）、接头形式等因素,为设计方案的优化评价提供了误差分析手段。     

面向ASP与DFA集成系统的装配模型技术

针对并行工程中的产品装配设计与优化分析 ,提出了一种装配顺序规划与为装配而设计相集成的产品装配分析系统。重点分析研究了集成系统中的产品装配建模方法。首先对现有的各种典型的装配模型技术进行分析比较 ;其次 ,根据 ASP与DFA集成系统的需求 ,设计出了一种包含装配草图、装配关联图信息、装配结构树图、零件设计参数和连接参数等信息的装配模型结构。并结合实例分析了该装配模型的计算机实现方法     

车身柔性虚拟装配偏差模拟分析

在轿车样车试制阶段,为了减少车身尺寸功能评估周期和降低评估成本,引入了车身的虚拟装配.针对功能评估中虚拟装配关键技术,包括装配过程夹具偏差、焊接处理及多工位装配等提出解决方案,实现了在考虑制造偏差、夹具偏差、连接偏差和多工位装配基础上的车身虚拟装配.通过案例论证了提出的虚拟装配方法的可行性.结果表明,该模型的准确度较高,适用于柔性薄板零件的装配偏差分析.     

基于产品模型数据交换标准的装配连接关系识别和提取

零件装配连接关系是多零件装配体（如汽车车身）在计算机辅助装配规划中装配模型建立的关键内容,提出了一种利用中性产品模型数据交换标准生成装配连接关系的方法。该方法首先利用产品模型数据交换标准文件的低层几何信息构建零件的包容盒,再在建立零件包容盒拓扑关系的基础上,通过判别与零件的连接映射关系,推导出零件的连接关系信息。最后,通过实例验证了所提出方法的准确性和有效性。     

集成化面向装配的设计研究

提出用多重装配连接图表示产品中零件之间的多重装配关系,用模糊连接图中的结点和连接边的模糊度来模糊评价产品可装配性。对产品装配体,进行自动装配特征识别,基于所建立的产品装配模型自动产生产品装配数据的中性文件。建立了产品可装配性评价体系;基于产品装配数据和装配知识,对产品可装配性进行模糊定量评价,从而指导产品装配设计,实现了CAD/DFA的信息集成。     

基于有限元模型的汽车薄板焊装公差分配研究

当前的汽车车身薄板覆盖件焊装公差分配方法,通过收紧装配公差以期达到车身焊装高的质量要求,而公差过小不仅提高了制造成本,还往往超出了装配件制造能力。本文提出一种基于有限元模型的公差分配方法用于薄板装配,利用该方法可在装配前确定满足产品整体质量要求的最大允许加工公差,这样既可以降低装配件制造成本,又可以保证车身焊装的质量。此方法为汽车薄板件冲压工艺设计提供了依据。     

三维装配尺寸链的自动生成

提出了一种基于CAD模型的三维装配尺寸链自动生成方法。该方法从定义装配性能特征入手,首先对CAD装配模型进行深层次的解析及预处理,以获取隐含在模型内部的公差分析所需信息。然后利用图论理论,通过构建特征-尺寸邻接矩阵、特征-装配约束关系邻接矩阵、装配关系传递图等,将装配体中参与装配的零件和特征以及其之间的装配约束关系、尺寸及形状等信息的传递过程以图的形式进行表达。最后将三维尺寸链分为显式和隐式两类,对于显式尺寸链,由装配关系传递图搜索连通通路可直接获取尺寸链图和方程:对于隐式尺寸链,提出了尺寸方向差异度的概念、封闭环方向优先的搜索策略以及构建过渡尺寸链的方法,最终可获取尺寸链图和方程。该方法已在自主开发的三维装配尺寸链自动生成系统中得到了验证。     

基于适应性装配特征的自动装配技术研究

装配设计是现代CAD技术中的一个重要组成部分,但其中对零部件自动装配的研究还相对薄弱。笔者在研究参数化设计和装配建模的基础上,提出了基于适应性装配特征的零部件自动装配方法,根据适应性装配特征来确定零部件间装配关系和装配对象的主参数,以便适应调整装配对象姿态、完成自动装配、提高装配设计的速度和效率。根据以上研究开发的基于CATIA平台的导管焊接夹具自动装配模块,验证了该方法的有效性和实用性。     

基于语义推理的产品装配设计技术

为保证产品具有良好的结构设计和零件可装配性,研究了装配语义模型,详细讨论了设计尺寸约束和装配几何约束的符号化表达方法,并给出了书写规则。在此基础上建立了装配语义图,通过节点描述零件属性信息,通过有向边描述装配语义信息。介绍了基于装配语义的产品装配设计工作流程,重点阐述了零件设计尺寸约束、装配规划信息和装配操作序列的推理过程。给出了语义修改和语义变动两种情况下装配语义图的维护机制。应用实例表明,该模型可以有效地支持产品的协同装配设计。     

分布环境下面向装配的产品协同设计集成平台

为提高异地设计时产品的可装配性设计质量,提出了分布环境下面向装配的产品协同设计方法,从零件设计、产品结构预装配和产品过程预装配3个方面论述了可装配性设计内容,建立并实现了支持网络环境下面向装配的产品协同设计集成平台,详细描述了平台的功能模块,并通过涡轮膨胀机实例说明了异地人员间利用该平台实施面向装配的协同设计过程。     

A systematic method of adaptive joint design considering different assembly sequence in sheet metal product

In sheet metal assembly, not only the component variations and tool errors, but also the component structure (joint type) and assembly process (assembly sequence) affect the final dimensional quality. In this paper, a systematic method for adaptive joint design considering different assembly sequence is proposed to meet the in-process dimensional adjustability of KCs (key characteristics). First, the adaptive characteristic of the sheet metal joint is depicted. Then, the mathematical model in order for concurrently optimizing both joint type and different assembly sequence is presented. How to evaluate the combination of joint type and assembly sequence is carried out according to two conditions: (1) for single KC, and (2) for multiple KCs. The KC confliction is considered to ensure the important KCs. Genetic algorithm is used to resolve the optimization of joint design. An example is chosen to demonstrate our method finally, and various joint designs are acquired according to different assembly sequences by this means. The proposed methods make it possible for us to improve the dimensional quality of product in the design stage.     

基于敏感度分析的多工位薄板装配过程测点优化设计

提出了一种多工位薄板装配过程测点优化设计方法。该方法利用薄板装配偏差流传递的状态空间模型确定优化设计的目标函数,采用遗传算法实现测点在多工位间坐标位置的优化设计。装配过程实验表明,该优化方法显著提高了测量数据对夹具定位偏差反应的敏感度,有助于在夹具定位偏差产生的早期发现问题,避免因夹具定位偏差引起的产品质量缺陷。     

Optimal design of weld pattern in sheet metal assembly based on a genetic algorithm

In the sheet metal assembly process, welding operations join two or more sheet metal parts together. Since sheet metals are subject to dimensional variation resulting from manufacturing randomness, a gap may be generated at each weld pair prior to welding. These gaps are forced to close during the welding operation and accordingly undesirable structural deformation results. Optimizing the welding pattern (the number and locations of weld pairs) in the assembly process was proven to improve significantly the quality of the final assembly. This paper presents a genetic-algorithm-based optimization method to search automatically for the optimal weld pattern so that assembly deformation is minimized. The application result for a real industrial part demonstrated that the proposed algorithm effectively achieved the objective.     

Simultaneous optimization of fixture and joint positions for non-rigid sheet metal assembly

This paper presents an optimization methodology for non-rigid sheet metal assembly variation by considering part variation, fixture variation, fixture layout, and joint positions, as well as the assembly spring back. The proposed algorithm integrates the finite element analysis (FEA) with a powerful global optimization algorithm, called the mode-pursuing sampling (MPS) method to simultaneously search for the optimal fixture and joint positions in order to minimize the assembly variation. An example application study is presented to demonstrate the optimization procedure and its effectiveness.     

Quality design of fixture planning for sheet metal assembly

Fixturing plays an important role in enhancing weld quality of the sheet metal assembly process. However, traditional experience-based fixturing schemes and purely optimal fixturing schemes are often sensitive to location fluctuation of the designed locators. In this paper a mathematical representation of deterministic locating and total fixturing for a flexible workpiece is developed first, then a virtual beam model is proposed to evaluate the degree of flexibility of the locating points. A quality design model of fixture planning for sheet metal assembly with resistance spot welding is then developed; both the performance expectation and the variance are considered in the formulation of the objective function; a prescribed factor is used to weight the two objectives. The finite element model based on ANSYS software is set up with a spot weld feature employed and genetic algorithm is used in the optimization process. A simple example and an industrial case illustrate the feasibility of the developed model. This work provides a basis for improving the quality of sheet metal assembly in the design phase.     

Active variation compensation in vehicle body conceptual assembly

In this paper, an intelligent heuristic optimization algorithm in active variation compensation is proposed to improve the dimension accuracy in the assembly of a vehicle body by finding the optimal configuration of joint types and the corresponding assembly sequence to compensate variation accumulation in the conceptual assembly process. The authors develop and apply the algorithm to predict variation accumulation and then develop compensating assembly schemes to accomplish optimal joint configuration and assembly sequence compensating for the unnecessary or surplus variation. The essence of the active variation compensation algorithm means measuring and correcting assembling variations during the assembly conceptual process. The paper employs the design of experiment (DOE) approach to verify the heuristic optimization method in the simple application case.     

基于快速设计方法的产品装配技术研究

通过描述快速设计方法中的装配特点,提出以关联函数作为装配纽带完成快速设计方法中的装配信息表达;依据快速设计的特点建立装配序列,实现检索装配,从而构建出了针对快速设计方法中的装配技术。结合某儿童推车产品局部的快速设计装配,给出装配流程和检索方案,获得最终的最优装配,验证了该技术在快速设计装配中的快速性和合理性。     

Optimal design of weld pattern in sheet metal assembly based on a genetic algorithm

In the sheet metal assembly process, welding operations join two or more sheet metal parts together. Since sheet metals are subject to dimensional variation resulting from manufacturing randomness, a gap may be generated at each weld pair prior to welding. These gaps are forced to close during the welding operation and accordingly undesirable structural deformation results. Optimizing the welding pattern (the number and locations of weld pairs) in the assembly process was proven to improve significantly the quality of the final assembly. This paper presents a genetic-algorithm-based optimization method to search automatically for the optimal weld pattern so that assembly deformation is minimized. The application result for a real industrial part demonstrated that the proposed algorithm effectively achieved the objective.     

A parametric study of sheet metal joints for dimensional integrity

The characteristics of joints between parts are one of the most critical issues in variation simulation analysis. This paper presents a parametric study of the dimensional variation characteristics of butt joints and slip joints. These two basic joints encompass the whole domain of joints used in sheet metal assemblies for structural extension. A geometrical model was proposed for predicting the assembly variation in order to take into consideration the possibility of part deformation and tool variation. Butt joints act like rigid bodies in the normal direction. For slip joints, the sensitivity coefficient in the slip direction is a function of tooling variations. The variation from individual part and tooling can be eliminated or substantially reduced if the product structure and assembly process is properly designed. A simple four-part assembly example shows the structure and assembly process. This result provides improved understanding of sheet metal assembly processes and provides a new idea for adaptive product and process design.     

A parametric study of sheet metal joints for dimensional integrity

The characteristics of joints between parts are one of the most critical issues in variation simulation analysis. This paper presents a parametric study of the dimensional variation characteristics of butt joints and slip joints. These two basic joints encompass the whole domain of joints used in sheet metal assemblies for structural extension. A geometrical model was proposed for predicting the assembly variation in order to take into consideration the possibility of part deformation and tool variation. Butt joints act like rigid bodies in the normal direction. For slip joints, the sensitivity coefficient in the slip direction is a function of tooling variations. The variation from individual part and tooling can be eliminated or substantially reduced if the product structure and assembly process is properly designed. A simple four-part assembly example shows the structure and assembly process. This result provides improved understanding of sheet metal assembly processes and provides a new idea for adaptive product and process design.