Wavelet-analysis of polarization maps of human blood plasma

Possibilities of local wavelet-analysis of coordinate distributions of polarization azimuths and ellipticity of laser images of blood plasma in healthy and cancer patients are considered. The set of statistical, correlation, and fractal parameters of distributions of wavelet-coefficients characterizing different scales of geometric dimensions of amino acid polycrystalline networks is determined. The criteria for the differentiation of transformation processes of birefringence of optically anisotropic structures of blood plasma at different scales are established.     

Phase maps of polycrystalline human biological fluids networks: statistical,correlation, and fractal analysis

The complex statistical and fractal analysis of phase properties, inherent to birefringence networks of liquid crystals consisting of optically-thin layers, prepared from synovial fluid taken from human joints, is performed in this work. Within the framework of a statistical approach, the authors have investigated values and ranges for changes of statistical moments of the 1-st to the 4-th orders that characterize coordinate distributions for phase shifts between orthogonal components of amplitudes inherent to laser radiation, transformed by synovial fluid layers, for human joints with various pathologies. The correlation criteria for differentiation of phase maps, describing pathologically changed liquid-crystal networks, have been ascertained. In the framework of the fractal approach, dimensions of self-similar coordinate phase distributions as well as features of transformation of logarithmic dependences for power spectra of these distributions for various types of human joint pathologies are determined.     

Complex degree of mutual anisotropy of linear birefringence and optical activity of biological tissues in diagnostics of prostate cancer

We present theoretical fundamentals of polarization and correlation analysis of the optical anisotropy of biological tissues. Results of measurements of coordinate distributions of the complex degree of mutual anisotropy (CDMA) that are formed by birefringent structures of the prostate tissue with benign and malignant changes are compared. Magnitudes and ranges of variation of statistical (the firstto fourth-order distribution moments) and correlation (excess of autocorrelation functions) parameters of the coordinate CDMA distributions of histological sections of the prostate postoperative bioptic material are studied. Objective criteria of the diagnostics of the appearance of pathology and of the differentiation of the degree of its severity are determined.     

Mueller-matrix diagnostics of optical properties of polycrystalline networks of human blood plasma

The work is oriented toward a study of the possibilities of Mueller-matrix diagnostics of optical anisotropy of birefringent polycrystalline networks of human plasma amino acids. The interrelations between the statistical moments from the first to the fourth orders and fractal dimensionalities, which characterize the coordinate distributions of elements of the Mueller matrix for the blood plasma and the physiological state of the human organism, are determined.     

Renormalization of position space amplitudes in a massless QFT

Ultraviolet renormalization of position space massless Feynman amplitudes has been shown to yield associate homogeneous distributions. Their degree is determined by the degree of divergence while their order—the highest power of logarithm in the dilation anomaly—is given by the number of (sub)divergences. In the present paper we review these results and observe that (convergent) integration over internal vertices does not alter the total degree of (superficial) ultraviolet divergence. For a conformally invariant theory internal integration is also proven to preserve the order of associate homogeneity. The renormalized 4-point amplitudes in the φ⁴ theory (in four space-time dimensions) are written as (non-analytic) translation invariant functions of four complex variables with calculable conformal anomaly.Our conclusion concerning the (off-shell) infrared finiteness of the ultraviolet renormalized massless φ⁴ theory agrees with the old result of Lowenstein and Zimmermann [23].     

Complex degree of mutual anisotropy of extracellular matrix of biological tissues

We study the possibility of the differentiation of optical anisotropy properties of biological tissues in different physiological states by means of statistical analysis of coordinate distributions of a new analytical parameter, the complex degree of mutual anisotropy of a network of birefringent filament-like protein crystals.     

Wavelet analysis of the polarization structure of biospeckle fields of statistical and multifractal phase-inhomogeneous layers

The mechanisms of formation of the polarization structure of biospeckle fields of statistical and multifractal phase-inhomogeneous layers are studied. Polarization maps of images are determined for biological tissues of various structures, namely, epidermis, muscular tissue, and myometrium. A relation between the polarization structure of biospeckles and the physiological conditions of phase-inhomogeneous layers is found. The distributions of wavelet coefficients of the polarization images of statistical and multifractal biological tissues are obtained. Criteria for the determination of the coordinate localization and scale of optical inhomogeneities of the architectonics of biological tissues are ascertained.     

毛细管放电X光激光中的预脉冲研究

 为研究毛细管放电X光激光中预脉冲放电对增益的影响，用简化的XDCH程序，模拟计算了聚乙烯毛细管充Ar气、2μs脉宽的预脉冲放电过程，把预放电之后的等离子体温度、密度和电离度作为初始条件，输入XDCH程序，进行40kA典型主脉冲放电的计算模拟，给出了一些典型预放电幅度下的增益和电子密度分布情况。比较分析的结果发现，对2μs脉宽的预脉冲，100A的电流将得到较好的增益，并且预言激光线时间谱可能出现双峰结构，空间谱会出现环状结构。     

Shadowgraphic and interferometric investigations on Nd:YAG laser-induced vapor/plasma plumes for different processing wavelengths

Shadowgraphic and interferometric images of vapor/plasma plumes generated by pulses of a ns-Nd:YAG laser reveal the distinctive behavior of the shock wave expansion for each of three processing wavelengths (1064 nm, 532 nm, and 355 nm), indicating that different mechanisms dominate the interaction between the optical fields and the material vapor/plasma. Electron density distributions within the plasma plumes calculated from interferometrically obtained refractive index distributions allow us to describe the regions of absorption and the absorption mechanisms using a simple model of inverse bremsstrahlung and photoionization, which allows us to estimate absorption coefficients.     

Amplitude correlations in nuclear resonance spectroscopy

Both magnitudes and relative signs of inelastic decay amplitudes have been measured for proton resonances in the compound nuclei ⁴⁵Su, ⁴⁷V, ⁴⁹V, ⁵¹Mn, ⁵⁵Co, and ⁵⁷Co. Resonances with orbital angular momenta 1,2 and 3 and five different values of J^π were studied. For l = 1 and l = 2 resonances, sample sizes are sufficient to perform statistical analyses: distributions of the reduced widths, distributions of the products of reduced width amplitudes, and both amplitude and widt correlations have been determined over energy ranges of ～ 1 MeV. The distributions are compared with the predictions of random matrix theory, and good overall agreement is obtained. These result have provided new tests of the statistical theory of resonances and of the theory of isobaric analogue states. In addition, these data give the first experimental confirmation of the channel coupling required by direct reaction theory. The linear correlation coefficients are often surprisingly large (for these data sets, the average value is >0.5 ), so large in fact that the traditional DWBA treatment of direct reactions must fail in some cases. This failure is discussed with the aid of a simplified model. Tests of the Gaussian nature of reduced width amplitudes are also examined.     

Characteristics of the network of scientific journals pertaining to Chinese patents

We present the network of scientific journals pertaining to Chinese patent data in the period of 1995-2002, in which two journals are considered linked if they have been cited by a common patent. We study a variety of statistical properties of the network of scientific journals of China (NSJC), including degree distribution, local clustering and average degree of the nearest neighbors in the one-mode projected network. Besides this, we generate a weighted network for the NSJC in which the number of common patents citing two particular journals is mapped to line weights. For such a weighted network, distributions of weight, vertex strength, weight per degree, and the relationship between the vertex strength and degree have been analyzed. The above findings show that for the NSJC, small-world behavior is not distinct, while properties of random networks are observed.     

Specific features of speckle structure formed by dispersed laser beams

The geometry of statistical average of intensity speckles formed by a broadband dispersed laser beam spatially coherent in initial plane z = 0 is studied theoretically. A computer simulation was used to obtain two-dimensional distributions of random intensity that provide a clear picture of the transformations experienced by the speckle structure upon laser beam propagation. Correlation functions and power spectra of random intensity are calculated in order to determine the characteristic size and shape of speckles as a function of longitudinal coordinate z, the width and shape of the frequency spectrum, and the degree of dispersion of the light beam. Analytical expressions that describe an increase in the speckle size along the beam axis and in the direction of beam dispersion as a function of distance from the initial plane are obtained. The ultimate (at z → ∞) width of speckles in the direction of beam dispersion is calculated.     

Polarization fluctuations in the radiation from cosmic sources due to scattering in a random inhomogeneous magnetoactive plasma

We use Feynman integrals along the trajectories to obtain expressions for the fourth-order statistical moments of polarized radiation propagating through a random inhomogeneous plasma. We write down the correlation functions and dispersion of the fluctuations in the Stokes parameters for the case of small fluctuations in the wave filed. We analyze the correlation functions of the Stokes parameters as a function of the polarization of the radiation from the source and the characteristics of the inhomogeneous plasma. We show that for each of the normal waves, the amplitudes and the phases experience different amounts of decorrelation in a random inhomogeneous magnetoactive plasma. As a result, fluctuations occur in the circular polarization.Radio Astronomical Institute, Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR. Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Radiofizika, Vol. 34, No. 7, pp. 738–747, July, 1991     

由强激光产生的烧蚀等离子体随时间演化的数值模拟

采用单流体模型描述由强激光产生的烧蚀等离子体,并用具有五阶精度的广义Godunov差分格式——加权本质无振荡格式对该模型进行离散化,考虑激光与等离子体相互作用和能量耦合,数值模拟强激光与固体靶相互作用时产生的烧蚀等离子体随时间演化的物理过程,给出数值模拟结果,并对其进行分析和讨论.数值模拟结果表明,激光能量在靶面等离子体中被强烈吸收,激光支持LSD(Laser Supported Detonation)波速度约为理想LSD波速度的一半.     

Talbot Images of an Array Source with Correlated Phase Fluctuation Using the Propagation Law of a Gaussian Beam

Talbot images of a two-dimensional array source such as a surface-emitting array laser are investigated with the help of the propagation law of a Gaussian beam. The effect of the phase fluctuation existing between the elements of the source on the formation of Talbot images is revealed by computer simulation. In the study, the correlation extent of the phase fluctuation is taken into consideration together with its magnitude (standard deviation), and Talbot images of good quality are found to be formed when the correlation extent is larger than the extent of the diffraction of a Gaussian beam in the observation plane. It is further shown that the contrast of Talbot images is governed, in a statistical sense, not by the magnitude of the phase itself but by the phase-fluctuation slope in the array source.     

Laser Spectrometric Measurement System for Local Express Diagnostics of Flame at Combustion of Liquid Hydrocarbon Fuels

A laboratory laser spectrometric measurement system for investigation of spatial distributions of local temperatures in a flame at combustion of vapors of various liquid hydrocarbon fuels in oxygen or air at atmospheric pressure is presented. The system incorporates a coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectrometer with high spatial resolution for local thermometry of nitrogen-containing gas mixtures in a single laser shot and a continuous operation burner with a laminar diffusion flame. The system test results are presented for measurements of spatial distributions of local temperatures in various flame zones at combustion of vapor—gas n-decane/nitrogen mixtures in air. Its applicability for accomplishing practical tasks in comparative laboratory investigation of characteristics of various fuels and for research on combustion in turbulent flames is discussed.     

反馈相位随机调制消除混沌半导体激光器的外腔长信息

提出并数值证实利用反馈相位的随机调制可消除外腔半导体激光器反馈引起的时延结构. 研究发现:当反馈相位随机调制信号的速率处在0.1—1 Gbit/s范围,随机调制信号的切换幅值个数达到5时,在半导体激光器偏置电流(1.2—2.8I_th)和反馈速率(8—26 GHz)构成的参数空间中,反馈时延结构对应的外腔长信息可被有效地消除. 关键词： 半导体激光器 外腔长 反馈相位 随机信号调制     

Acoustic emission monitoring of the Syracuse Athena temple: scale invariance in the timing of ruptures

We perform a comparative statistical analysis between the acoustic-emission time series from the ancient Greek Athena temple in Syracuse and the sequence of nearby earthquakes. We find an apparent association between acoustic-emission bursts and the earthquake occurrence. The waiting-time distributions for acoustic-emission and earthquake time series are described by a unique scaling law indicating self-similarity over a wide range of magnitude scales. This evidence suggests a correlation between the aging process of the temple and the local seismic activity.     

Absorption and saturation mechanisms in aluminium laser ablated plasmas

-2 ). The interpretation of the ion TOF distributions in terms of theoretical shifted Maxwell–Boltzmann distributions produces a good agreement with the experimental data. This has allowed us to infer the ion flow velocity and temperature associated with the measured TOF distributions, as well as the ion kinetic energies as a function of the laser fluence. We have also studied the total ion yield at different laser fluences. Our results show that all the plume parameters investigated are increasing functions of the laser fluence until a saturation plateau is reached at high fluences (>20 Jcm^-2). We ascribe this saturation behav iour to strong absorption and partial, or total, reflection of the laser light by the hot plasma produced by the leading edge of the intense laser pulse. This interpretation is supported by a semi-quantitative analysis of the laser photon absorption and ionization mechanisms in Al plasma, at both laser wavelengths. Received: 6 January 1997/Accepted: 14 March 1997     

Statistics of random lasing modes in weakly scattering systems

We investigated the statistics of random lasing modes in colloidal solutions with local pumping. The ensemble-averaged spectral correlation function of single-shot emission spectra exhibits regular oscillations. The statistical distribution of laser emission intensity follows a power-law decay, in comparison with an exponential decay of the statistical distribution of amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) intensity. The dramatic difference between the statistics of lasing peaks and that of the stochastic ASE spikes illustrates their distinct mechanisms.