臭氧-固定化生物活性炭去除煤气废水中酚的研究

将降解酚类化合物的高效工程菌固定在活性炭上,采用臭氧-固定化生物活性炭(O3-IBAC)工艺处理煤气废水。研究证明:在臭氧投量为18mg/L ,接触时间为2 0min时,臭氧可以改变水中有机物的结构,但是有机物的总量没有明显的变化。当煤气废水进水COD、酚类的质量浓度分别为5 0 0mg/L、95mg/L左右时,采用O3-IBAC工艺对两者的去除率可以分别达到80 %、92 %以上。系统运行6个月后,IBAC上工程菌分布均匀,炭数量可达6 .1×10 3cfu/g ,而且工程菌在种类上仍然占优势。同时,运用生态位理论解释了工程菌可以长期稳定存在,且保持较高的生物活性的原因     

常规/臭氧生物活性炭去除有机物及亚硝胺前体物特性

该文考察运行18个月的常规/臭氧-生物活性炭(O3-BAC)组合工艺对中国华东地区某微污染湖泊水的处理特性。结果表明:此时该工艺去除有机物能力有限,但对消毒副产物亚硝胺前体物的去除能力高于其他有机物。工艺出水溶解性有机碳(DOC)质量浓度、UV254和溶解性有机氮(DON)质量浓度的平均值分别为3.12mg/L、0.053cm-1和0.171mg/L,平均去除率分别为34.9%、53.9%和32.7%;对亚硝胺前体物的去除率为72.3%。臭氧和炭池中的微生物在去除亚硝胺前体物中发挥了重要作用。小分子有机物、芳香性蛋白质和微生物代谢产物主要在活性炭单元中去除。因而,要关注长期运行的常规/O3-BAC组合工艺对有机物及其亚硝胺前体物的去除,充分发挥微生物作用。     

生物炭材料的制备及其应用效果研究

研究以小麦秸秆、水稻秸秆和油茶果壳为原料,采用水蒸气活化和磷酸再活化的工艺,制备出性能优良的生物炭样品,分析麦秆、稻秆和油茶果壳生物炭样品的性能以及制备条件对生物炭性能的影响。研究结果显示,试验制备得到的麦秆生物炭,其亚甲基蓝吸附值为225 mg/g,碘吸附值为838 mg/g,焦糖为120%,比表面积为1 279 m2/g,孔容为1.36 m3/g,中孔率为76.6%,而稻秆生物炭的炭亚甲基蓝吸附值为215 mg/g,碘吸附值为815 mg/g,焦糖100%,比表面积为967 m2/g,孔容为1.23 cm3/g,中孔率为84.6%,2种原料制备的生物炭与市售生物炭的性能指标相近;油茶果壳生物炭对亚甲基兰和碘的最大吸附值分别为330 mg/g和1 326 mg/g。本研究制备的油茶果壳生物炭的主要质量指标均达到或超过了净水用活性炭国家标准。本研究表明,小麦秸秆、水稻秸秆和油茶果壳可以作为制备优质生物炭的原料。     

污泥基生物炭对重金属的吸附作用

为研究市政污泥基生物炭对重金属的吸附性能,进而作为吸附材料应用于污染修复中,在900℃下无氧热解制备生物炭,利用静态平衡法测定生物炭对重金属Pb、Zn、Cu、Cd的吸附效果。结果表明:污泥基生物炭具有良好的吸附性能,吸附容量比市售活性炭高一个数量级,对Pb、Zn、Cu、Cd的最大吸附量实测值分别为(104.15±1.60)mg/g、(36.05±0.87)mg/g、(41.30±1.38)mg/g和(37.17±2.59)mg/g。污泥基生物炭具有很强的pH缓冲能力,平衡后溶液pH值大幅提高约2~3,溶液可由酸性变为近中性甚至碱性。平衡过程中,污泥基生物炭可释放大量的Ca2+离子,释放量与重金属离子初始质量浓度正相关,在0.2%污泥基生物炭投加、重金属质量浓度250mg/L以内时,Ca2+离子质量浓度为32.07~72.86mg/L。污泥基生物炭具有很强的重金属吸附能力,主要吸附机理为表面沉淀和离子交换。     

负载型二氧化钛催化剂的制备及催化降解苯酚的研究

以钛酸四丁酯为前驱体、碘酸钾为碘源,粒状活性炭为载体,采用水热法和浸渍烧结法合成了I-TiO2/AC负载型催化剂.采用XRD、XPS、EDS等手段对催化剂进行表征.以苯酚为目标物,研究了不同种催化剂对苯酚的吸附效率及不同经浸渍-烧结处理的次数的I-TiO2/AC催化剂在可见光下降解苯酚的效率.实验结果表明:采用浸渍结烧法I-TiO2成功负载在活性炭上.由于活性炭和I-TiO2催化剂的协同作用,I-TiO2/AC催化剂对50 mg/L苯酚的吸附效率高达95.8%,在模拟太阳光下对苯酚的降解效率高达64%.     

包埋固定化Rhodopseudomonas palustris对邻氯苯酚的降解

以海藻酸钠为包埋载体,活性炭为添加材料,对沼泽红假单胞菌Rhodopseudomonas palustris PSB-1D进行固定化,通过正交试验确定固定化微生物小球的最佳制备条件:活性炭添加量为1%,海藻酸钠质量分数为3%,包埋菌体与包埋材料的质量比为1/20。在最佳条件下,微生物小球培养7 d后对2-氯苯酚(2-CP)的降解率为72.6%。对比研究微生物小球和游离细菌的降酚效果。将微生物小球引入序批式好氧生物反应器(SBR)工艺中,分别研究小球投加量、曝气时间、曝气量对生物反应器降解2-氯苯酚效果的影响。试验结果表明:微生物小球对2-CP的降解率较游离细菌有明显提高。在黑暗好氧条件下,有效容积为5 L的固定化生物反应器对2-CP模拟废水降解处理的最佳稳定工艺条件为:微生物小球投加量为20 g,曝气时间10 h,曝气量为100 L/h。在此条件下,经过连续30个周期的测定,微生物小球对2-CP的平均去除率始终保持在65%左右。     

生物曝气去除MTBE的实验

在一维土柱模拟装置上采用生物曝气技术去除饱和土壤和地下水中的甲基叔丁基醚(MTBE).通过实验和非线性最小二乘法拟合得到MTBE在生物降解过程中的Monod参数:最大利用速率、半饱和常数和生物得率.考察了在不同污染物初始浓度和不同微生物接种量情况下生物曝气对MTBE的去除效果及生物贡献率.实验结果表明:MTBE初始质量浓度为50 mg/L和100 mg/L时,降解率分别为23.23%和12.08%,降解量分别为25.74 mg和26.75 mg.对于高污染物浓度,挥发是主要的去除机理.在初始污染物浓度相同的情况下,微生物数量的增加直接导致了污染物总去除量的增加,微生物的数量决定了所能降解的污染物的质量.     

含盐条件下偶氮染料兼厌氧性生物的降解性能

研究活性染料与不同浓度葡萄糖共基质条件下的兼厌氧性生物降解性能和K-2BP在不同盐浓度条件下的兼厌氧性生物降解性能.选择K-2BP作为目标污染物进行静态反应器生物降解实验.结果表明,兼厌氧性微生物在只有K-2BP作为基质时对染料的降解率较低,葡萄糖存在时,能提高兼厌氧性生物对染料的降解能力;葡萄糖为800mg/L时6h染料降解率为64.1%,而葡萄糖浓度为1 000mg/L时,不利于染料降解,6h染料降解率为46%,与不投加葡萄糖情况的降解率接近.葡萄糖浓度为800mg/L,盐浓度分别为2g/L,5g/L,10g/L和20g/L,其一级降解动力常数分别为0.105 78mg/L.h,0.049 47mg/L.h,0.028 69mg/L.h,0.022 75mg/L.h;半衰期分别为6.99h,14.15h,22.55h,30.21h.随盐浓度梯度升高,染料的兼厌氧性降解动力学常数逐渐降低,高盐浓度会抑制兼厌氧性微生物对染料的降解.     

铁氧化物介导厌氧生物强化降解对硝基氯苯

针对采用传统厌氧生物技术处理含硝基芳香族化合物(NACs)废水时存在降解速率低、系统稳定性差和运行成本高等问题,以α-Fe_2O_3为电子传递介体与厌氧生物系统进行耦合,探究其降解以对硝基氯苯(4-CNB)为代表的NACs的效果,并阐述耦合作用机制。初始质量浓度为45 mg/L 的4-CNB在耦合系统内反应56 h后,其残留质量浓度为(3.24±0.13) mg/L,而在厌氧生物对照系统和α-Fe_2O_3对照系统中分别为(15.47±0.43)mg/L和(44.48±0.01)mg/L,表明α-Fe_2O_3的投加对厌氧生物降解4-CNB具有显著的强化作用。4-CNB在耦合系统内的降解效率与α-Fe_2O_3的投加量在1～3 g/L范围内呈现显著的正相关,当α-Fe_2O_3的投加量为5 g/L时,其对厌氧微生物产生较强的抑制作用。相比于厌氧对照系统,4-CNB在耦合系统内的降解更符合一级动力学,进一步验证了α-Fe_2O_3与厌氧微生物之间在降解4-CNB过程中具有一定的协同效应。此外,α-Fe_2O_3的投加可显著降低厌氧生物系统内的氧化还原电位(ORP)和增强pH自缓冲能力,这些均有利于4-CNB的还原降解。电子传递体系 (ETS) 活性在耦合系统和厌氧生物对照系统中分别为48.77 μg/(g·min)和32.19 μg/(g·min),进一步表明了α-Fe_2O_3可作为厌氧还原4-CNB过程的电子传递介质。综上所述,采用α-Fe_2O_3作为电子传递介质可以强化厌氧微生物的还原活性,可为实现含NACs废水的大规模处理提供新的技术储备。     

球红假单胞菌对活性炭的降解转化

以活性炭作为含碳金矿中碳质物的替代物,研究了球红假单胞菌对其的降解转化及吸金能力的影响.通过正交试验确定了球红假单胞菌降解活性炭的最优工艺组合:粒度74μm、炭浆质量分数5%、降解时间14 d、菌液用量1 m L/100 m L,此时活性炭的降解率高达28.35%.金吸附性试验表明,球红假单胞菌可使活性炭的吸金能力降低11.46%.球红假单胞菌使活性炭的微晶结构发生变化;一些芳环结构被破坏;含氧基团和芳香族结构的数量增多.这说明球红假单胞菌在降低碳质物劫金性方面是一种有效微生物.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the     

An affordable accurate evaluation of the binding conformations predicted by molecular docking studies in bio-system

Franck-Condon factors bridge the gap between theoretical modeling and experimental observations for molecular electronic spectroscopy and electron transfer.Under the displaced harmonic oscillator approximation,multidimensional Franck-Condon factors are decomposed into a product of many one-dimensional(1D)Franck-Condon(FC)factors,and each 1D-FC factor is associated with one Huang-Rhys factor that determines the leading contribution of     

Call for Papers

<正>"The Journal of Shanghai Normal University:Mathematics"is published by Shanghai Normal University as regular issues of The Journal of Shanghai Normal University each year from 2014 in English.The editors-in-chief of the issues are professors Yuhao Cong and Maoan Han.The Journal of Shanghai Normal University was started in 1958 with     

Journal of Donghua University ( English Edition) Contents of Volume 31

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