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为探索非氧化性杀生剂在低温多效海水淡化系统中的应用可能性,采用静态杀菌法、碳酸钙沉积法和鼓泡法分别测定了3种常用非氧化性杀生剂(SW303、 QAS和EGD)、阻垢剂PM15l、消泡剂AF及其组合物的杀菌率、阻垢率和消泡率,并通过匹配因子法定量评价了3种杀生剂与PM15l、 AF之间的配伍性。结果显示,3种杀生剂对PM15l阻垢性能主要表现为相加作用,对AF消泡性能主要表现为相加和增效作用。PM15l对3种杀生剂性能的影响各不相同,对SW303表现为相加作用,对QAS和EGD表现为相减或拮抗作用,且低浓度PM15l即可对EGD的杀菌性能造成明显干扰,但仅有高浓度的PM15l才对QAS的性能造成干扰;AF对3种杀生剂杀生性能的影响较小,匹配因子在2.72~9.80之间,均为相加作用。 相似文献
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近些年来,我国各大油田油气采收率持续下降,为了降低油气开采成本,各油田选用污水处理回注工艺。以榆树林油田污水为研究对象,对絮凝剂,混凝剂进行评价,并对絮凝剂,混凝剂进行配伍性分析,旨在优化原有加药制度,保证油田回注水达标,生产系统稳定运行,为今后油田集输、水质系统优化提供依据。 相似文献
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阐述了太阳能海水淡化与组合式空调系统的原理,该系统具有高效的海水淡化功能和空调除湿能力.比较了多个现有的控制器,对该装置的控制系统做出了初步设计并进行了实验验证.最终的实验结果证实该控制器完全可行. 相似文献
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海水淡化预处理絮凝剂--聚硅酸氯化铁的性能及应用研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
以酸洗废液为原料制备了海水淡化预处理絮凝剂聚硅酸氯化铁(PFSC),考察了制备过程中的铁硅比[n(Fe)/n(Si)]、熟化时间、熟化温度等因素对模拟水样絮凝效果的影响.结果表明,当n(Fe)/n(Si)=1.5、40℃熟化1.5 h、pH值为0.5时制备的产品有较宽pH适用范围,形成絮体速度快,颗粒粗大密实,易沉降.对渤海海水进行了预处理应用研究,发现PFSC在pH 5~9的范围内均有很好的除浊效果,絮凝效果优于市售聚合硫酸铁(PFS)和氯化铁,特别是在低投加量时表现更为明显. 相似文献
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可持续发展要求海水淡化系统不仅具有优良的经济性,还要具有优良的环境性能,目前综合考虑这二方面因素的研究还很少。文中从海水淡化系统的综合性能优化和评价出发,建立了统一性能指标(亦称淡水综合成本),该指标由淡水生产的经济成本和环境成本构成,以其为目标函数优化得到的系统具有最佳能源、经济、环境综合性能。淡水的综合成本、经济成本、环境成本还构成了海水淡化系统的多准则性能评价体系,据此可实现对不同海水淡化方法和装置的更全面、合理的评价。基于前面建立的性能准则,以近年来受到较多关注的低温多效蒸发海水淡化系统为例进行了计算、分析和讨论,研究结果验证了准则的合理性和有效性。 相似文献
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Baozheng Cui Xuelong Chen Lina Chen Jingbo Zhu Caiyan Zhang Ningjing Bai Wei Wang Huixin Wang Dongyu Zhao Zewen Li Haijun Niu Zhe Wang 《应用聚合物科学杂志》2024,141(17):e55279
Solar-driven steam generation membranes have garnered increasing attention for freshwater production. Nonetheless, the adverse impact of salt accumulation on membrane surfaces directly undermines the efficacy of solar evaporation. In this work, one type of composite membrane comprised of carbon nanotubes (CNTs)-styrene-ethylene-butadiene-styrene (SEBS) was fabricated by modified vapor phase pore-forming technique. Through the grafting of maleic anhydride (MAH), the CNTs-SEBS-MAH composite membrane was successfully hydrolyzed. As a consequence, the composite membrane exhibits evaporation rate as high as 1.28 kg m−2 h−1 under one sun solar irradiation, accompanied by an outstanding solar vapor conversion efficiency of 87.5%. In addition, the fabricated composite membrane has high resistance to salt accumulation, as well as self-cleaning capability. This work provides a route for manufacturing hydrophilic polymer composite membrane towards solar energy driven seawater desalination. 相似文献
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In this paper deaeration efficiency is studied and discussed with regard to a seawater desalination plant under construction in Ruwais (United Arab Emirates) for ADNOC (Abu Dhabi National Oil Company). In particular, a modelling activity has been performed in order to optimise deareator design. Seawater flashing and stripping have been investigated, and a simulation code has been set up taking account of mass, energy and momentum balances together with phase equilibrium conditions. Parametric studies have been carried out analysing the effects of seawater and stripping steam flow rates, as well as those of temperature, pressure, packing height and other operating conditions or deaerator geometrical characteristics. Different models have been discussed interpreting flash and stripping phenomena; and in the light of the results obtained, here shown and discussed, new solutions have been proposed to reduce the costs of the deaerator installation and management. 相似文献
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Low temperature multi-effect evaporation (LT-MEE) seawater desalination systems with top brine temperature lower than 70℃ have attracted attention in recent years.A method for performance estimation of LT-MEE is proposed, and a formula is built for a typical LT-MEE configuration.Excluding complex properties of working fluids and details of heat and mass transfer processes, this formula involves only simple algebraic operations, thus provides a convenient way to evaluate the water production of LT-MEE for different motive heat source conditions and design parameters.Comparing the formula prediction with the data from both rigorous models and references, it indicates that the formula can give good results in wide parameter ranges.Although this method is proposed based on a typical LT-MEE configuration, it is also applicable to other LT-MEE configurations and thermal desalination systems. 相似文献
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Yong-Jian Tang Lan-Jie Wang Zhen-Liang Xu Hai-Zhen Zhang 《Journal of Polymer Research》2018,25(5):118
A novel chitosan (CS)-piperazine (PIP) composite nanofiltration (NF) membrane with satisfied characteristics for brackish water and seawater desalination was successfully developed. PIP was mixed with CS during the interfacial polymerization (IP) process to enhance the NF membrane permeate flux. The resultant NF membranes were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscope (SEM), atomic force microscope (AFM), contact angle. Effects of CS concentration, trimesoyl chloride (TMC) concentration, reaction time and the mixing ratio of CS/PIP on NF membrane performance were investigated thoroughly. When PIP in the aqueous phase monomers reached to 25% (w/w), the PWF (60.6 L·m?2·h?1) was synergistically improved by nearly 2 times without a significant reduction of Na2SO4 rejection (89.1%). Moreover, the NF membranes possessed excellent performance for the desalination of brackish water and seawater, which showed high potential to be applied in the desalination process for water treatment. 相似文献
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利用响应曲面法(RSM),以模拟标准海水(质量分数3.5%)为进水对中空纤维空气隙式膜蒸馏(AGMD-HF)海水淡化过程的影响因子和膜通量指标进行了模拟优化。通过面向中心复合设计法(CCD)实现了基于热料液进水温度、冷凝液进水温度和料液流量的实验优化设计,并建立了响应值与影响因子之间的二次多项式回归模型。方差分析(ANOVA)、RSM分析及实验响应值与预测值的对比验证了该模型对影响因子和膜通量模拟优化的可信度。进一步地,通过期望函数的引入确定了各影响因子最佳水平,并利用太阳能加热驱动过程实验进行验证。结果表明,ANOVA的决定系数R2达到0.986,p值则低于0.0001;实验膜通量与预测值平均误差仅为6.95%,产水电导率始终保持在10 μS·cm-1以下,脱盐率稳定在99.99%以上;最佳影响因子水平分别为83.5℃、13.2℃和60.2 L·h-1,在此条件下太阳能加热驱动过程膜通量达到6.47 L·m-2·h-1。该实验不仅为潜在可行的规模放大过程提供了可参照的操作参数,而且表明将太阳能引入AGMD-HF海水淡化过程具有很强的实际应用潜力。 相似文献