超细炭素原料对Al2O3-ZrO2-C材料性能及微孔结构的影响

研究比较了粒度＜25 nm的炭黑A、粒度＜50 nm的炭黑B及粒度＜0.147 mm的鳞片石墨3种炭素原料对铝锆碳滑板材料的性能及微孔结构的影响,并采用扫描电镜观察材料中原位生成SiC晶须的显微结构变化.结果表明由于炭黑A和炭黑B的粒度细,它们在烧结过程中与硅粉更容易发生反应原位生成SiC晶须;SiC晶须发育良好,填充气孔,使试样中直径d＜1μm的微孔数量大大增加,同时提高了试样的强度.因此,添加炭黑A、炭黑B的试样的性能优于添加鳞片石墨的,而以添加炭黑A的最好.     

锆莫来石对Al2O3-ZrO2-C材料性能的影响

以电熔白刚玉、锆莫来石、鳞片石墨、SiC粉和酚醛树酯为原料,通过改变锆莫来石的加入量和粒度制备了7种不同的A l2O3-ZrO2-C试样,主要研究了锆莫来石加入量和试样的粒度组成对A l2O3-ZrO2-C材料的体积密度、显气孔率、常温耐压强度、气孔孔径分布和透气度等性能的影响。结果表明:1)锆莫来石加入量对A l2O3-ZrO2-C材料的体积密度、显气孔率、耐压强度、气孔孔径分布和透气度都有一定的影响,但影响都不大;2)试样的粒度组成对A l2O3-ZrO2-C材料的体积密度和透气度的影响较大,但对显气孔率、常温耐压强度、气孔孔径分布的影响较小。     

Al2O3-ZrO2-C质滑板材料的研究进展

从制备Al2 O3-ZrO2-C质滑板材料所用的氧化物、炭素、防氧化剂等原料对性能的影响方面,总结归纳了Al2 O3-ZrO2-C质滑板材料的研究进展,并对钙处理钢用滑板材料的未来研究方向进行了展望,期望为钙处理钢用滑板使用寿命的提高提供参考.     

氮化烧成铝锆碳滑板的研制和使用

以板状刚玉、锆刚玉和锆莫来石为骨料,板状刚玉细粉、石墨粉、硅粉为基质,酚醛树脂为结合剂,制备成25 mm×25 mm×145 mm的试样,并在氮气气氛中于1 100～1 450℃烧成.测定了不同温度烧后试样的常温物理性能、抗热震性和抗氧化性,并对比了在埋焦炭条件下烧成和氮化气氛烧成对滑板性能的影响.结果表明:在氮气气氛中于不同温度烧成时,当烧成温度确定在1 350～1 450℃时,试样具有优良的抗氧化性和抗热震性;在同一温度下,与在埋焦炭中烧成相比,氮化烧成试样具有优良的抗氧化性和更高的抗热震性.研制的氮化烧成铝锆碳滑板在浇注高钙钢的250 t钢包上使用1次,效果优于同材质埋焦炭烧成的滑板.     

石墨烯纳米片对低碳Al2O3–ZrO2–C滑板耐火材料性能的影响

通过原子力显微镜和透射电子显微镜表征石墨烯纳米片的形态,并利用X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜和能谱分析等表征滑板的物相组成和微观形貌,研究了石墨烯纳米片对低碳Al₂O₃–ZrO₂–C滑板结构和性能的影响。结果表明:加入石墨烯纳米片能够填充滑板中的微细孔隙,促进颗粒间碳化硅晶须的形成,有效提升滑板的性能,当加入1.5%的石墨烯纳米片刚玉复合粉替代碳黑后,滑板既有较好的抗氧化性,其强度和抗热震性能也显著提高。     

金属Zn粉对Al2O3 -C耐火材料抗氧化性能的影响

以板状刚玉、鳞片石墨、Zn粉、Al粉和Si粉为主要原料,以酚醛树脂为结合剂,固定配料中板状刚玉、鳞片石墨、Al粉和Si粉的比例,分别外加0、0.5%、1%、2%和3%的Zn粉制成5组Al2O3-C试样,在120～220℃进行24h干燥处理,然后在1400℃空气气氛中加热3h,冷却后测量试样的质量变化率、脱碳层厚度、显气孔率和体积密度,同时进行显微结构观察和微区成分分析。结果表明:加入2%Zn粉的Al2O3-C试样的脱碳层厚度最小,显气孔率最低,体积密度最大,因此推断其抗氧化性能最佳。     

硅铝凝胶粉结合SiAlON增强Al2O3-SiC-C浇注料

以电熔致密刚玉和碳化硅为骨料,硅铝凝胶粉、氮化硅粉、硅粉为细粉,制成SiAlON增强Al2O3-SiC-C浇注料,研究了硅铝凝胶粉的加入量分别为1%、3%、5%(质量分数,下同)时对此浇注料的烧结性能、力学性能的影响.结果表明采用硅铝凝胶粉取代纯铝酸钙水泥作结合剂,可使SiAlON增强Al2O3-SiC-C浇注料在经中温、高温热处理后的常温抗折强度及耐压强度较大提高,中温、高温强度提高幅度更大.另外,随着硅铝凝胶粉加入量的增加,浇注料的常温及高温强度呈先增大而后减小的趋势.由X射线衍射和扫描电镜分析结果可知,硅铝凝胶粉的加入既有利于降低β-SiAlON的生成温度,又可以减少材料中的低熔物质.分布均匀、发育良好的粒状β-SiAlON的形成是SiAlON增强Al2O3-SiC-C浇注料较水泥结合浇注料强度高的根本原因.     

金属Zn粉对烧成Al2O3-C材料性能和显微结构的影响

通过改变金属Zn的加入量,研究了Zn含量对Al2O3-C材料烧结性能、力学性能的影响,同时借助于XRD、SEM等手段对试样的物相变化和显微结构进行了观察和分析.结果表明:(1)金属Zn的加入可以显著改善Al2O3-C材料的烧结性能,当金属Zn的加入量为1.0%时,试样的体积密度和显气孔率分别达到了最大和最小值;(2)烧成铝碳材料的显微结构受金属Zn的影响较大,金属Zn的加入量为1.0%时,试样基质和骨料部分结合良好,试样致密;(3)Zn加入量大于1.0%,试样的结合状态遭到破坏,试样中出现裂纹和孔洞;材料的抗折强度和耐压强度在金属Zn加入量为1.0%时达到了最大值.     

初始硅粉粒度对自蔓延高温合成氮化硅的影响

研究了平均粒度分别为２,７．８和１５．４μｍ的３种初始硅粉在氮气中的燃烧氮化规律。初始硅粉粒度越细,则在氮气中的燃烧温度高越高,燃烧滤蔓延速度越快,激活能也越低;较细的硅粉表面的硅蒸发通量大,ｐｓｉ高,易于形成延长方向与硅粉表面垂直的针状或柱状、纤维状晶体;而较粗的硅粉则易于形成氮化硅包覆层,且可以通过“包覆爆裂”机制继续进行二次氮化。较细的硅粉在氮气中的燃烧温度曲线上只出现一次燃烧峰,而较粗的硅     

Effects of alumina sources on the microstructure and properties of nitrided Al2O3-C refractories

Fused white alumina, tabular alumina with a plate-like morphology, reactive alumina powder with a high specific surface area and industrial alumina composed of 40 to 76% γ-Al₂O₃ and 60 to 24% α-Al₂O₃ were selected as alumina sources and grouped in this work. The effects of alumina sources on the microstructure of nitrided Al₂O₃-C refractories were investigated. A large number of β-Sialon phases and a small number of SiC phases were formed when the alumina source varied, and α-Si₃N₄ phase was only formed when using tabular alumina. The β-Sialon phase was deemed to be the major ceramic bonding phase, which generated the morphologies of column and tabular column. Columned β-Sialon crystals with conical tips were formed by the direct nitriding of liquid silicon following a VLS (vapor-liquid-solid) growth mechanism, the transformation of the VLS growth mechanism into a VS (vapor-solid) growth mechanism was observed when using industrial alumina with smooth tips on the β-Sialon crystals. β-Sialon crystals with a morphology of tabular column were formed through nitriding of SiO _(g) and Si _(g) following the VS growth mechanism. SiC whiskers were formed by the reacting of CO _(g) and SiO _(g) following a CVD (chemical-vapor-deposition) growth mechanism. The physical, mechanical and thermal properties of these groups after the nitriding process were also investigated and compared. When using reactive alumina powder and fused white alumina as the alumina sources, the optimal cold crushing strength (CCS) and cold modulus of rupture (CMOR) were generated due to the dense reticular structure, and also the optimal hot modulus of rupture (HMOR) was achieved due to the formation of large size of O’-Sialon tabular whiskers in the test atmosphere. Improved thermal shock resistance and oxidation resistance were also observed.     

添加Si_3N_4对Al_2O_3-ZrO_2-C滑板性能的影响

通过在Al2O3-ZrO2-C滑板材料中引入Si3N4细粉(≤0.043 mm),研究了Si3N4加入量(质量分数分别为2%、4%、6%、8%)对滑板材料性能的影响,并对比研究了1 300℃6 h氮化烧成和1 450℃6 h埋炭烧成后试样的性能。结果表明:在不同烧成条件下,Si3N4的加入均改善了材料的性能,随着Si3N4加入量的增加,材料的显气孔率逐渐下降,体积密度、常温强度、高温抗折强度逐渐增大;Si3N4的加入,一定程度上改善了材料的抗氧化性;埋炭烧成滑板性能优于氮化烧成滑板,因为埋炭烧成过程中部分Si3N4反应生成了O’-SiAlON相。     

铝锆碳质长水口损毁机制的研究

采用SEM、EDS对使用后的铝锆碳质长水口内壁及渣线部位材料的蚀损过程进行了分析研究.结果 表明:1)铝锆碳质长水口内壁蚀损过程为碳首先被氧化和溶解形成脱碳层,之后钢水中的夹杂物FeO与脱碳层中的Al2O3反应形成铁铝尖晶石,随着FeO继续附着,在脱碳层表面形成FeO富集区并生成低熔点相,致使脱碳层在高速钢水的冲刷下逐渐蚀损;2)长水口渣线部位蚀损首先为碳向钢液中溶解,之后为中间包渣侵蚀材料中的氧化物,两个过程交替进行,从而导致了长水口渣线部位材料的蚀损;3)适当降低长水口制品中的碳含量,可以减少铝锆碳质长水口内壁以及渣线部位材料中碳的氧化及溶解所导致的材料结构的破坏,可望延长长水口的使用寿命.     

合成ZrO2-SiC和工业SiC对Al2O3-C质耐火材料性能影响的对比

为了改善Al2O3-C质耐火材料的抗氧化性和抗热震性,向浇注料中分别添加0、2%、4%、6%的SiC或ZrO2-SiC复合粉,以酚醛树脂为结合剂,在200MPa下制备了2组试样,经250℃充分干燥后,于1400℃下埋炭处理2h,分别检测2组试样的抗氧化性和抗热震性,并采用XRD分析氧化后试样的相组成。结果发现,添加剂中SiC的氧化能有效保护试样中的碳,从而能减少试样的质量损失率和氧化面积,提高其抗氧化性能。由于ZrO2的微裂纹增韧及SiC的颗粒增韧作用,使试样的抗热震性能提高。在试验条件下,添加6%ZrO2-SiC复合粉或工业SiC粉时,试样的抗氧化性和抗热震性最佳。     

Phase formation in Al2O3-C refractories with Al addition

Depending on the recipe and the firing conditions, several non-oxides can be formed in Al₂O₃-C refractories. In this paper, the effect of the purity of the recipe components on the phase formation in Al₂O₃-C refractories with Al addition was investigated. Two test series were sintered from 800 °C to 1600 °C under air embedded in coke breeze. One test series was with brown fused alumina, and the other was with tabular alumina. At temperatures of up to 1200 °C the phase formation was the same for both recipes. For temperatures greater than 1400 °C, the impurities of brown fused alumina enhanced the formation of a polytype, while Al₄O₄C and Al₂₈O₂₁C₆N₆ were formed in the other series. The findings explain the occurrence of several non-oxides in disequilibrium at the chosen temperatures. The occurrence of Al₄C₃ was of particular interest due to its low hydration resistance. It was formed at 1200 °C.     

Effect of h-BN on the microstructure and fracture behavior of low carbon Al2O3-C refractories

h-BN is an ideal substitution candidate for graphite due to its similar crystal structure, better oxidation resistance. In this work, the effect of h-BN on microstructure and comprehensive properties of Al₂O₃-C refractories are investigated, and the specimen containing 0.5 wt% h-BN (G0.5N0.5) possesses the best comprehensive properties. The addition of h-BN could reduce the diameter of SiC whiskers, which leads to the highest strength of specimen G0.5N0.5 (42.63 ± 3.10 MPa). Moreover, the fracture behavior of the specimens is demonstrated using wedge splitting test. The results show that the specimen G0.5N0.5 possesses the highest crack initiation and propagation resistance, which could be attributed to the collaborative effect of h-BN and SiC whiskers. Noteworthily, the addition h-BN could improve the thermal shock resistance. The specimens containing h-BN possess the higher residual ratio, compared with the specimen containing no h-BN (G1N0), and the specimen G0.5N0.5 shows the highest residual strength (14.12 ± 0.67 MPa). Furthermore, the oxidation resistance could be enhanced with introducing the h-BN.     

添加物对铝碳耐火材料防氧化涂料抗氧化性能的影响

以SiO2-A l2O3-B2O3-Na2O-K2O-CaO系釉料为基料,分别添加质量分数为10%、30%、50%、70%的氧化物(粒度均<0.076 mm的石英和刚玉粉)和非氧化物(粒度均<0.076 mm的碳化硅和硅粉),以水玻璃为结合剂配制涂料,首先研究了涂料半球温度的变化,然后将涂料涂覆在铝碳材料样块的表面,考察其抗氧化性能(以铝碳样块在200~1 300℃氧化后的质量损失率表征),并采用SEM观察了涂层结构。结果表明:加入氧化物SiO2、A l2O3以及非氧化物SiC、Si,均使涂料的半球温度升高;A l2O3和SiC的加入能增强涂料的防氧化作用,而SiO2、Si的加入使涂料的防氧化作用降低。     

Effect of Al2O3 particle size on the microstructure,phase transformation and mechanical properties of hot pressed Al2O3-CA6-ZrO2/Ni multi-phase composites

Al₂O₃-CA6-ZrO₂/Ni multi-phase composites were fabricated by vacuum hot pressing sintering at 1650 °C under the pressure of 30 MPa for 30 min. The microstructural evolution rule of the composites was investigated as a function of Al₂O₃ particle size. Upon increasing the Al₂O₃ particle size to 30 μm, the generated CA6 underwent a transformation from unfixed type to a plate-like pattern and to a combined CA6-Al₂O₃ matrix, whereas the fracture mode of m-ZrO₂ changed from an intergranular fracture to an intergranular and transgranular mixed type due to the improved interface binding energy. Additionally, satisfactory mechanical properties of the composites were achieved when the Al₂O₃ particle size was 30 μm. Under the synergistic effect of different strengthening and reinforcing phases, the inhomogeneous distribution caused by poor wettability between Al₂O₃ and Ni was effectively solved by the distributions of “intercrystalline type” and “intracrystalline type” for the Ni phase. The mechanisms of the microstructural evolution, phase transformation and improved mechanical properties are discussed in detail.