康复临床路径在Ⅲ期肺癌术后患者中应用效果的分析

目的探讨康复临床路径对Ⅲ期肺癌术后患者的康复效果。方法选择120例Ⅲ期肺癌术后患者,随机分为观察组62例和对照组58例,对照组患者按常规进行护理和康复健康教育指导,观察组在常规护理的基础上实施系统的康复临床路径。比较两组患者术后自行排痰时间、住院天数、并发症发生率及术后10d生活质量（SF-36QOL）。结果两组患者术后自行排痰时间及住院天数比较,差异有统计学意义（均P〈0．01）,并发症发生率及术后10d生活质量比较,差异具有统计学意义（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）,观察组康复情况优于对照组,术后10d总体生活质量明显高于对照组。结论对Ⅲ期肺癌术后患者实施康复临床路径,可有利于患者主动参与医疗、护理过程,促进患者康复,减少术后并发症,缩短住院时间,明显提高Ⅲ期肺癌术后患者的生活质量。     

同步放化疗治疗Ⅲ期非小细胞肺癌的临床研究

目的 评价同步放化疗与单纯放射治疗Ⅱ期非小细胞肺癌的疗效及毒副反应。方法 90例Ⅲ期非小细胞肺癌患者随机分为同步放化疗纽（同步纽）和单纯放疗纽（单放组）。放疗照射原发灶和区域淋巴结，2Cy／次，1次／d，5d／周，总D，66Cy／（6～7周）；化疗在放疗的每周第1天给予顺铂20mg／m^2，足叶乙甙50mg／m^2。结果 同步组有效率为73．3％（33／45），单放组为46．7％（21／45），同步组的有效率明显高于单放组（P〈0．05）。同步组毒副反应发生率略高于单放组，但除放射性食管炎外差异均无显著性（均为P〉0．05）。结论 同步放化疗是Ⅲ期非小细胞肺癌安全有效的治疗手段，值得进一步临床研究。     

局限期小细胞肺癌手术治疗与放化疗疗效比较

目的回顾性分析局限期小细胞肺癌手术为主的综合治疗与单纯放化疗疗效比较。方法收集本院胸外科2001年7月~2010年7月收治的局限期小细胞肺癌患者共75例,均经组织学证实病理,其中32例患者经手术+化疗或放化疗治疗,43例患者行常规放化疗。结果根治手术+放化疗组的中位生存期为40个月,化疗+放疗组的中位生存期为17个月。手术+化(放)疗组的生存时间明显高于单纯放化疗组。结论手术为主的综合治疗能使局限期小细胞肺癌生存期明显延长,较传统的放化疗能使患者获得更好的远期疗效。     

Therapy-related myeloid leukemia during erlotinib treatment in a non-small cell lung cancer patient: A case report

BACKGROUNDEpidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) are tolerable drugs used for patients with EGFR-mutant advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Serious adverse reactions are uncommon compared with cytotoxic drugs.CASE SUMMARYA 52-year-old man presented with general weakness and cytopenia. He had been taking erlotinib for 11 mo to treat NSCLC. The pathological diagnosis from the right upper lobe mass was adenocarcinoma with an EGFR mutation in exon 21 (L858R). He had previously received paclitaxel/carboplatin, gemcitabin/ vinorelbine chemotherapy, stereotactic radiosurgery for brain metastasis, and whole-brain radiotherapy as treatment for NSCLC. We diagnosed the patient with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). During the induction and consolidation chemotherapy for AML, the erlotinib was discontinued. When complete remission of the AML was achieved, since the lung masses were increased, pemetrexed/ cisplatin for the NSCLC was initiated. After two cycles of chemotherapy, the cytopenia was prolonged. AML relapse occurred with the same karyotype.CONCLUSIONTherapy-related acute myeloid neoplasm (t-MN) is a rare but fatal late complication. Although a patient may be taking EGFR-TKIs, the possibility of t-MN should be considered. Further studies are needed to determine whether EGFR-TKI usage is a predisposing factor for t-MN.     

The effectiveness of a rehabilitation programme for Chinese cancer survivors: A pilot study

Cancer survivors have experienced high stress which impairs psychological functioning and decreases quality of life (QOL). This study aims to assess the mediating effect of self‐efficacy on mood disturbance and QOL, and determine the effectiveness of a 12 week rehabilitation programme to improve self‐efficacy as well as improve mood disturbance and QOL in Chinese cancer survivors. A total of 47 cancer patients were randomly assigned into the experimental (n = 24) and control (n = 23) groups. The participants in the experimental group received cancer‐related education, progressive muscle relaxation and emotional support. Self‐reported questionnaires, including General Self‐efficacy Scale (GSES), Profile of Mood States Scale–Short Form (POMS‐SF) and European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire Core 30 (EORTC QLQ‐C30) were collected in pre‐ and post‐intervention. Findings from this study indicated that self‐efficacy was a complete mediator between mood disturbance and QOL, and the 12 week rehabilitation programme had a positive effect on self‐efficacy, mood disturbance and QOL for Chinese cancer survivors.     

单孔与三孔胸腔镜下肺叶切除术治疗非小细胞肺癌的临床疗效对比

目的对比分析非小细胞肺癌患者行单孔和三孔胸腔镜肺叶切除术(VATS)治疗后的围术期状况及远期生存状况。方法选取2013年1月-2016年11月该科同一术者收治的行VATS的141例非小细胞肺癌患者为研究对象。其中单孔VATS治疗肺癌52例(单孔组),同期三孔法VATS手术89例(三孔组),统计并对比分析两组手术时间、术中出血量、术中清扫淋巴结数目、胸腔引流时间、术后引流量、术后住院时间及术后并发症情况。结果单孔组与三孔组相比,两组在术后胸腔引流时间、引流量、术中清扫淋巴结数目及术后并发症等方面差异均无统计学意义(P0.05);两组平均手术时间分别为(196.1±19.6)和(162.7±18.9)min,差异有统计学意义(P=0.000);两组平均术中出血量分别为(100.3±13.6)和(176.5±15.9)ml,差异有统计学意义(P=0.000);两组术后住院时间分别为(7.5±1.7)和(9.2±1.3)d,差异有统计学意义(P=0.000)。结论单孔VATS能够达到三孔胸腔镜手术的治疗效果,虽然手术时间增加,但能避免多余切口对胸壁肌肉、肋间神经或血管的损伤,进一步降低手术创伤,缩短术后住院时间,是可选择的安全有效的肺癌根治性手术方式。     

Preoperative inspiratory muscle training in a patient with lung cancer and comorbid chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and respiratory sarcopenia: A case report

Introduction

Sarcopenia and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are risk factors for postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs). Preoperative inspiratory muscle weakness is also a risk factor for PPCs. Sarcopenia and COPD are often associated with inspiratory muscle weakness. Respiratory sarcopenia has been defined as the coexistence of whole-body sarcopenia and respiratory muscle weakness. We report our experience with preoperative pulmonary rehabilitation, including inspiratory muscle training (IMT), in a patient with lung cancer and comorbid respiratory sarcopenia and COPD.

Case presentation

A 73-year-old man with squamous cell lung cancer (cStage IA2) was hospitalized for pulmonary rehabilitation before lung resection. He had comorbid severe sarcopenia and COPD (GOLD stage III). He also had inspiratory muscle weakness and a thin diaphragm. We conducted IMT on the patient in addition to aerobic exercise and instruction regarding sputum expectoration for 2 weeks before the surgery. Consequently, his pulmonary function, respiratory muscle strength, and exercise capacity improved. Segmentectomy was performed using video-assisted thoracic surgery. No postoperative complications occurred.

Conclusion

IMT in a patient with lung cancer and comorbid respiratory sarcopenia and COPD resulted in improved respiratory muscle strength and pulmonary function. IMT may have reduced the risk of PPCs by strengthening the respiratory muscles and improving pulmonary function.

     

Mapping the clinical care pathways for advanced stage non-small cell lung cancer patients in Victoria: A retrospective cohort study of supportive and palliative care

The lung cancer Optimal Care Pathway recommends supportive care and palliative care integration throughout its various steps, with early referral to appropriate services improving the quality of life in advanced stage non-small cell lung cancer patients. Using Victorian Lung Cancer Registry data and linked administrative datasets, this retrospective cohort study mapped clinical care pathways of 525 Stage III–IV non-small cell lung cancer patients in Victoria to 11 recommendations in the Optimal Care Pathway, identifying unwarranted variations in clinical care. Supportive care and palliative care delivery were further examined to understand the involvement and timing of specialist care teams. Our findings showed that palliative care utilization is highest at the time of treatment, despite recommendations that it should be provided early after diagnosis to improve patient outcomes and satisfaction. Early supportive care screening was observed in half the cohort and almost three-quarters of the patients had been presented at a multidisciplinary meeting. Multidisciplinary meeting presentations and supportive care provide an opportunity to improve communication about palliative care needs and integration into routine clinical practice, such as at the time of treatment planning.     

Closure for patients at the end of a cancer clinical trial: literature review

AIM: This paper is a report of a literature review to explore theories of psychological closure in order to understand the outcomes of a trial in which nurses attempted to facilitate psychological closure for their patients with cancer. BACKGROUND: Patients' accounts have highlighted a feeling of abandonment and a need for support after a period of treatment for cancer but this is rarely addressed in the nursing literature or in practice. METHODS: The British Nursing Index, the CINAHL, Ovid Medline, PsychInfo and EMBASE databases were searched without date limits using the keywords 'closure', 'ending', 'finishing', 'treatment', 'cancer care', 'therapeutic relationships' and 'transitions'. The search took place concurrently with the implementation of a randomized controlled trial from 2001 to 2005 in which nurses attempted to facilitate closure for patients at the end of a cancer chemotherapy trial. RESULTS: Literature on the concept of 'rites of passage' enabled us to view nurses as supporting patients' transition from one life-stage to another. Literature on debriefing deepened our understanding of patients' anxieties and needs. Our review also drew attention to power imbalances in the ending of nurse-patient or doctor-patient relationships, and highlighted the importance of good endings and the need to mark endings formally. CONCLUSION: Achieving closure is an important element in promoting patient well-being when undergoing treatment for cancer. Nurses and other healthcare staff can facilitate this with simple interventions such feedback and discussion at the end of a period of active treatment.     

Durable response to pulsatile icotinib for central nervous system metastases from EGFR-mutated non-small cell lung cancer: A case report

BACKGROUND Central nervous system(CNS) metastases are a catastrophic complication of nonsmall cell lung cancer(NSCLC), including brain and leptomeningeal carcinomatosis, and are always accompanied by a poor prognosis. Despite the continuous development of existing treatments, the therapy of CNS metastases remains challenging.CASE SUMMARY We report a patient who was definitively diagnosed with brain and leptomeningeal metastases from NSCLC with a targeted mutation in epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR). A standard dosage of icotinib(125 mg three times daily) was implemented but ineffective. CNS lesions developed despite stable systemic control, so pulsatile icotinib(1125 mg every 3 d) was administered. This new strategy for administration has lasted 25 mo so far, and resulted in complete remission of neurological symptoms, almost vanished lesions, and longer survival with no notable side effects.CONCLUSION This is the first successful example of pulsatile icotinib for treating isolated CNS progression from EGFR mutation-positive NSCLC, providing a new alternative for the local treatment of CNS metastases.     

胸外科护士在肺癌围术期护理过程中核心自我评价的质性研究

目的:探讨胸外科护士在肺癌手术病人围术期护理过程中核心自我评价的效果。方法:采用合众法对某三级甲等医院胸外科7名在岗护士进行半结构式访谈,利用手机、备忘录进行资料的收集,通过NVivo10软件进行资料整理,采用Colaizzi现象分析法进行分析。结果:共提炼3个主题:护士在围术期发挥的作用促进了其核心自我评价的提升;病人的认可提高了护士的核心自我评价水平;护士整体核心自我评价良好。结论:某三级甲等医院胸外科护士在围术期针对肺癌手术病人进行护理工作获得了良好的核心自我评价。     

The impact of expanding the numbers of clinical nurse specialists in cancer care: a United Kingdom case study

In the last few years there has been an increase in the number of clinical nurse specialists (CNSs) working in cancer care throughout the UK. This paper examines the issues raised by the proliferation of site-specific cancer CNS posts, developed to give a 'nursing lead' for a particular tumour type. The issues common to all CNS posts are exacerbated when a number of specialists are involved in the cancer journey, causing potential fragmentation and confusion. Key issues need to be addressed if the role is to remain credible, and ensure clarity for patients and the multiprofessional team. These include role clarification, sensitive integration, interface with other cancer CNSs and the multiprofessional team, evaluation, cost, education and training, recruitment and succession planning and the 'career cul-de-sac'. Cancer nursing's response to these challenges will set the professional agenda for education, training and future models of service delivery.     

Successful treatment after toxic epidermal necrolysis induced by AZD-9291 in a patient with non-small cell lung cancer: A case report

BACKGROUNDToxic epidermal necrolysis and Stevens-Johnson syndrome are acute life-threatening skin reactions. AZD9291 has been developed as a third-generation epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) with activity against T790M mutation.CASE SUMMARYHerein we report a 68-year-old woman who developed a large area of skin necrosis and was diagnosed with toxic epidermal necrolysis after AZD-9291 ingestion. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case reported in patients with EGFR T790M mutation in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Cabozantinib combined with erlotinib had clinically meaningful effectiveness, with additional toxicity that was generally manageable.CONCLUSIONTreatment with AZD-9261 is effective in regressing the growth of the NSCLC and can bring some hope to despairing patients. We hope that more research will be carried out on the association between severe rashes and EGFR-TKIs, and more safe and effective drugs can be developed.     

The predictive value of pretreatment haemoglobin-to-red cell distribution width ratio for overall survival of patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer: a propensity score matching analysis

ObjectiveTo investigate the prognostic value of pretreatment haemoglobin-to-red cell distribution width radio (HRR) in predicting overall survival (OS) in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).MethodsThis retrospective study analysed patients with advanced NSCLC. Kaplan–Meier survival analysis and Cox proportional hazards regression analysis were conducted to evaluate the predictive value of HRR for OS. A propensity matching analysis was used to reduce the impact of other confounding factors on the results.ResultsA total of 448 patients were enrolled in the study. The median HRR was 0.984, which was used as the cut-off value. Regardless of matching or not, a lower HRR was correlated with an unfavourable risk of death. After propensity matching, univariate and multivariate analysis showed that HRR was an independent factor for the prognosis of NSCLC (hazard ratio [HR] 1.55, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.17, 2.04; HR 1.57, 95% CI, 1.17, 2.10; respectively). Kaplan–Meier analysis showed that low HRR was associated with shortened OS. The relationship between HRR and the risk of death was consistent across all patient subgroups after stratification by subgroup analysis.ConclusionsThese findings showed that a lower pretreatment HRR could be a potentially valuable prognostic factor in patients with advanced NSCLC.