在水介质中直接制备硬脂酸钙

通过一种特定的工艺方法，在常压下的水介质中免添加剂由硬脂酸与氢氧化钙反应，直接法制得高质量硬脂酸钙。研究表明，反应速率受反应温度、氢氧化钙粒度、反应物料液／固质量比等因素的程度不等的影响。以过200目氢氧化钙为原料，适宜的工艺条件为：60℃，反应物料液／固质量比8／1，190min。与复分解法工艺相比，新工艺的反应时间虽有所延长，但反应物料液／固质量比、反应温度和滤饼湿含量降低，介质水及余热可回收循环利用，因此能耗、水耗明显下降。新工艺可沿用复分解法工艺的生产设备，特别适用于现采用复分解法工艺的硬脂酸钙生产企业的环保化改造。     

正交设计在水热法合成硬脂酸锌中的应用

以硬脂酸和氧化锌为原料,采用水热法合成出了色泽好的高质量硬脂酸锌.研究表明,反应速率受氧化锌粒径、反应温度、反应物料液/固质量比等因素的程度不等的影响.以过74 μm筛氧化锌为原料,由正交实验设计分析出了影响硬脂酸锌的主要因素,得到了适宜的工艺条件：反应物料的液/固质量比为7：1,反应时间为30 min,反应压力为0.4 MPa,反应温度为60 ℃.     

皂化法合成硬脂酸钙新反应条件的研究

以硬脂酸为原料，介绍一种通过两步加碱由硬脂酸与新生成的氢氧化钙进行合成硬脂酸钙的新方法，并考察了反应温度、加碱时间、液固比及加碱量等因素对产品中游离酸含量的影响，确定了反应的较优条件。结果表明，在此反应条件下所得的产品质量较传统的生产方法要好。     

水介质直接法合成硬脂酸铅研究

通过一种特定的工艺方式，在水介质中常压免添加剂由硬脂酸与一氧化铅反应合成了色泽好的高质量硬脂酸铅。合成反应速率受反应温度、一氧化铅粒度、反应物料液．固质量比等因素的程度不等的影响。以过74μm筛一氧化铅为原料，适宜的工艺条件为：反应温度60℃，反应物料液-固质量比2．5：1，反应时间330min。     

水介质直接法清洁合成硬脂酸锌研究

研究了在水介质中常压免添加剂由碱式碳酸锌与硬脂酸直接反应清洁合成硬脂酸锌，结果表明：反应温度、反应物料液-固比对合成反应速率有较明显的影响，合成优等品硬脂酸锌的适宜工艺条件为：反应温度80℃，反应物料液-固比7：1，反应时间30min。     

硬脂酸钠改性白硼钙石的水热合成及表面改性

以硼酸和氢氧化钙为原料,在硼酸和氢氧化钙物质的量比为4:1和反应温度160℃的条件下,水热反应4 h合成出一种硼酸钙.对合成产物进行了化学成分、X射线衍射、粒度、热重、扫描电镜等表征,结果表明产物为单一物相的白硼钙石(4CaO·5B2O3·7H2O).以硬脂酸钠为改性剂对白硼钙石进行湿法改性,考察了硬脂酸钠的用量等因素...     

水介质中硬脂酸钙的清洁合成

以双氧水和甘油为复合催化剂,实现了硬脂酸与氢氧化钙在水介质中一步合成硬脂酸钙。固定双氧水和甘油用量,考察反应温度、固液比和反应时间等对反应的影响。结果表明,在双氧水用量8%、甘油用量10%、反应温度60℃、固液比1:10、反应时间2.5 h的优化条件下,产品的游离酸含量为0.20%。     

无溶剂法合成蔗糖硬脂酸酯的工艺研究

以乙醇代替有毒的甲醇与硬脂酸在酸催化下进行反应制出了硬脂酸乙酯。以硬脂酸乙酯与蔗糖为原料在催化剂和乳化剂的作用下，进行酯交换反应合成出蔗糖硬脂酸酯。详细考察了该合成反应过程中乳化剂、催化剂用量，反应温度，原料配比，反应时间等因素对蔗糖硬脂酸酯产率的影响，得出了较佳合成工艺条件，即硬脂酸乙酯：蔗糖摩尔比为2．15：1，乳化剂与蔗糖质量比为0．1：1，催化剂与反应物料质量比为0．14：1，反应温度－120℃，压力－4．35kPa,反应时间－3.5h。以蔗糖计，蔗糖酯产率约75．2％。此外，还把蔗糖硬脂酸酯制成易挥发衍生物，建立了分析其组成的气相色谱方法。     

硬脂酸锌催化合成工艺的优化研究

以硬脂酸、氧化锌为原料,以双氧水为催化剂,在水介质中催化合成硬脂酸锌.通过单因素实验和正交实验考察了反应温度、反应时间、液固比和催化剂加入量对产品游离酸含量的影响,获得了优化的合成工艺条件:反应温度80℃,反应时间60 min,液固比7,催化剂加入量2.5%.在此优化工艺条件下合成的硬脂酸锌产品游离酸含量和熔点分别为0.43%和124℃,达到化工行业硬脂酸锌优等品标准.     

聚乙二醇硬脂酸的合成

以硬脂酸为基本原料,通过酰氯化后所得脂酰氯,再与聚乙二醇（400）进行酯化反应合成聚乙二醇（400）硬脂酸酯非离子表面活性剂。探讨了物料配比、反应时间、温度对合成反应的影响。合成反应的最佳条件为：反应温度为100℃,时间为1.0h,硬酯酰氯：聚乙二醇=1.1:1(摩尔比）。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Novel polyurethane coating technology through glycidyl carbamate chemistry

Glycidyl carbamate chemistry combines the excellent properties of polyurethanes with the crosslinking chemistry of epoxy resins. Glycidyl carbamate functional oligomers were synthesized by the reaction of polyfunctional isocyanate oligomers and glycidol. The oligomers were formulated into coatings with several amine functional crosslinkers at varying stoichiometric ratios and cured at different temperatures. Properties such as solvent resistance, hardness, and impact resistance were dependent on the composition and cure conditions. Most coatings had an excellent combination of properties. Studies were carried out to determine the kinetics of the curing reaction of the glycidyl carbamate functional oligomers with multifunctional and model amines. Detailed kinetic analysis of the curing reactions was also undertaken. The results indicated that the glycidyl carbamate functional group is more reactive than a glycidyl ether group. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, on October 27–29, 2004, in Chicago, IL.     

Highly moisture-proof polysilsesquioxane coating prepared via facile sol-gel process

A highly moisture-proof polysilsesquioxane coating was obtained from a new bis-silylated precursor, which was synthesized from 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) and m-xylylene diisocyanate (m-XDI) in tetrahydrofuran (THF) and verified by ¹H MAS NMR. For direct comparison purposes, an SiO₂ coating was also prepared by the Stöber method using tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) as the reactant. Interestingly, the coating obtained from the polysilsesquioxane sol exhibited a much higher moisture resistance capability than its counterpart, which was attributed to its more compact feature between nanoparticles as characterized by N₂ absorption experiment and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Furthermore, its high transparency of about 92% showed potential for application in the protection of optical crystals.