基于实时地形校正的InSAR图像匹配算法

针对侧视雷达/可见光图像匹配制导系统中由于雷达图像地形畸变引起的误匹配问题,提出了一种基于干涉合成孔径雷达（InSAR）的实时地形校正图像匹配算法。该算法以侧视雷达成像几何构象为基础,利用InSAR获取的实时地形数据对获取的SAR景象数据进行实时几何校正,生成无畸变的SAR景象数据,然后利用校正后的SAR景象数据与提前安装的可见光基准数据进行基于去均值归一化互相关模板的图像匹配。实验结果表明,通过实时地形校正,该景象匹配算法在复杂地形区域的匹配概率和匹配精度都大大优于传统SAR景象匹配算法,有效地提高了SAR图像匹配制导技术的适用性。     

有效的SAR图像多尺度分类算法

为提高分类精度,提出一种基于最大期望(EM)与遗传(GA)算法的多尺度SAR图像无监督分类方法.利用多尺度自回归(MAR)模型描述SAR图像中不同尺度之间的统计相依性,提取多尺度特征.应用混合模型描述多尺度特征,并将GA算法与EM算法相结合给出混合模型的参数估计算法,利用最小描述长度(MDL)准则选择模型的分量教.最后使用Bayes分类器实现了图像的分类与分割.该方法集EM算法和GA算法结合后的优点,对设定初值有较少的敏感性,因而避免了局部最优解.应用于SAP图像的实验表明,在分割精度上GA-EM方法优于MAR模型的算法.     

多尺度自适应恒虚警率(CFAR)自动检测与重构多方位SAR图像中不同尺度目标物

提出一种多尺度自适应恒虚警率(CFAR)检测方法,用于SAR图像中城区环境不同尺度目标物的自动检测,同时完成对目标物尺寸大小的估算。以目标物几何尺度及其成像位置作为依据,实现不同方位飞行的SAR对同一景物的图像上目标物像的自动匹配,以相对飞行机载PI-SAR图像为例,检测机动车目标和建筑物（群）目标,并实现该两类目标物景象的立体重构。     

仿射不变的多尺度自卷积熵提取方法

为从在不同视角获取的同一场景图像中提取更加独特的不变特征,提出一种图像仿射不变特征的提取方法.首先基于多尺度自卷积变换(MSA)构造了一组新的变换量--多尺度自卷积熵(MSAE);并让明了该熵具有仿射不变性;最后利用最小距离分类器分别对视点变换图像,以及加噪声,加部分遮挡视点变换图像进行分类识别实验.实验结果表明,MSAE特征能够获得更高的正确识别率.     

基于多尺度随机模型的SAR图像无监督分割

合成孔径雷达（synthetic aperture radar,SAR）是一种基于相干原理的成像系统,在SAR图像中存在严重影响图像质量的斑点噪声,使得SAR图像的可靠分割非常困难。〖BP）〗根据SAR图像的成像机理,利用两种多尺度随机模型,即多尺度自回归（Multiscale Autoregressive,MAR）模型和多尺度自回归滑动平均（Multiscale Aautoregressive Moving Average, MARMA）模型,分别来描述同一场景不同分辨率SAR图像像素间的统计相关性,并构造了相应的多分辨混合算法实现SAR图像的无监督分割。试验结果表明,提出的两种无监督分割方法是可行的,且MARMA模型比MAR模型能够更精确地捕捉SAR图像多尺度序列中不同类型地形的统计信息,使分割质量具有明显的改进。     

基于多尺度压缩感知金字塔的极化干涉SAR图像分类

提出了一种新的基于多尺度压缩感知(Compressed sensing, CS)金字塔的分类方法, 用于合成孔径雷达(Synthetic aperture radar, SAR)图像的分类. 首先通过原始图像上的小波平滑和特征提取构建多尺度极化干涉特征空间, 然后利用压缩感知提取每一个尺度上图像子块的观测域特征并在数据域重建稀疏特征, 最后组合多尺度的稀疏特征生成最终用于分类的多尺度金字塔表达. 针对稀疏编码和一般金字塔算法的局限性, 提出了基于压缩感知和多尺度金字塔的方法, 利用观测矩阵降低特征维数的优势的同时, 对SAR图像的纹理特征进行不同尺度的分析. 在国内首批极化干涉SAR数据上的实验证明了上述算法的有效性.     

基于SIFT特征的异源遥感影像匹配方法研究

由于不同传感器、多时相、多分辨率、多波段的遥感图像的光谱特征、空间特征、纹理特征等存在较大差异,为影像匹配带来了困难。针对异源遥感影像成像机理的不同特点,从影像特征角度,引入尺度不变特征变换(Scale-Invariant-Feature-Transform,SIFT)方法,实现光学影像、SAR影像和多光谱影像间的匹配;针对SIFT单向匹配算法的不足,引入匹配约束,采用双向匹配策略对其优化,提高了匹配的可靠性。实验表明,该算法具有稳定、可靠、快速等特点,适用于存在光谱特征、空间特征、纹理特征等差异的异源遥感影像的高精度匹配。     

基于图像多尺度熵的红外图像匹配跟踪算法

在对图像熵进行分析的基础上,引入图像多尺度熵的概念,定义了图像的多尺度熵及多尺度熵矢量,提出了一种基于区域的匹配跟踪算法—–基于图像多尺度熵的红外图像匹配跟踪算法.首先计算图像的多尺度熵,得到图像多尺度熵矢量;然后利用多尺度熵矢量间的绝对距离(AD)进行匹配跟踪.实验表明,该算法不仅具有稳定、精确的匹配跟踪性能,而且能在目标发生旋转时,较好地匹配跟踪目标,并具有良好的抗几何失真能力.     

基于多尺度支持度匹配SAR图像与光学图像

异源图像匹配是视觉导航、多源图像融合分析的关键步骤之一,常用的匹配方法是分别从两幅图像中提取特征,再对特征进行匹配。但是对于成像机理差别较大的异源图像,如SAR图像和可见光图像,很难提取到同名特征。提出一种基于多尺度支持度的异源图像匹配方法,只需要从一幅图像中提取多尺度边缘特征,在变换空间中寻找另一幅图像对该特征的最大支持度。支持度的计算采用了标准化梯度强度和的形式。采用遗传算法对支持度函数解空间进行全局寻优来获取最优匹配点。实验结果表明,该方法能有效实现SAR图像和可见光图像的匹配,处理时间能够满足工程要求。     

多分辨率图像序列的超分辨率重建

针对不同焦距下拍摄的多分辨率尺度的图像序列,本文提出了一种基于尺度不变特征转换(Scale invariant feature transform, SIFT)和图像配准的超分辨率(Super resolution, SR)图像盲重建算法.首先提取图像SIFT特征点,然后用向量夹角余弦进行特征描述符向量的初匹配,并用随机抽样一致性 (Random sample consensus, RANSAC)算法消除误匹配提高配准精度.计算变换参数后,将低分辨率图像(Low-resolution, LR)像素点映射到高分辨率(How-resolution, HR)网格,最后利用像素可信度加权算法填充缺失像素值,重建更高分辨率的图像.实验表明, 本文算法能精确估计图像序列的缩放因子,可以有效处理仿射变换模型,对配准误差也具有一定的鲁棒性.算法从实质上提高了多分辨率尺度图像序列的分辨率,尤其在低分辨率帧数较少可用于重建的信息量严重不足时也能获得比较满意的重建效果.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。