设计构思过程中基于设计评论的知识重用

目的探究设计者在设计构思过程中利用参考案例的相关评论展开设计知识重用的模式和特点。方法对设计评论进行分类,按照"设计—参考—迭代设计"的结构组织观察实验并制定实验任务,选取设计初学者作为实验对象并将其等分为实验组和对照组。通过分析设计概念输出以及相关回访数据来获取设计者利用不同类型评论进行知识重用的模式特点。结论相比于评论中的具体类知识,设计者更倾向于对评论中的概念类知识和可执行类知识进行重用。"颠覆"式的设计修改思路与概念类知识的重用有关;在视觉上突出显示评论中的概念类知识,能推动设计者突破原有的设计思路,从而帮助设计者提高其知识重用效率。     

Unexpected discoveries and S-invention of design requirements: important vehicles for a design process

Designers, during a conceptual design process, do not just synthesize solutions that satisfy initially given requirements, but also invent design issues or requirements that capture important aspects of the given problem. How do they do this? What becomes the impetus for the invention of important issues or requirements? So-called ‘unexpected discoveries', the acts of attending to visuo-spatial features in sketches which were not intended when they were drawn, are believed to contribute to it. The purpose of the present research is to verify this hypothesis. Analysing the cognitive processes of a practising architect in a design session, we found that in about a half of his entire design process there were bi-directional relations between unexpected discoveries and the invention of issues or requirements. Not only did unexpected discoveries become the driving force for the invention of issues or requirements, but also the occurrence of invention, in turn, tended to cause new unexpected discoveries. This has provided empirical evidence for two anecdotal views of designing. First, designing is a situated act; designers invent design issues or requirements in a way situated in the environment in which they design. We call inventions of this sort situated-invention (S-invention). Secondly, a design process progresses in such a way that the problem-space and the solution-space co-evolve. Further, this has brought a pedagogical implication as well as an insight about an important aspect of learning by experience in design.     

A scheme for functional reasoning in conceptual design

An ideal functional reasoning environment should support designs of any nature, routine or innovative, at any level of detail, as well as through varying levels of detail. In this paper, three existing functional reasoning models are reviewed in this perspective. It has been found that none of these models support all of these requirements. It has been shown that a functional reasoning approach cannot guarantee the generation of solution concepts, which are combinations of known solutions, unless guided by the knowledge of existing solutions. A new model which can support design both across a level of detail and down through levels of detail has been proposed, which, using a divide and rule approach and using recursive problem redefinition while incorporating existing solutions, could support conceptual design. It is also shown that, although the generation of completely new solutions is not supported by the model, the model, when aided by a framework allowing a sustained progress of its knowledge base by transfer of knowledge from existing designs in the form of basic structures and rules of combination, could support generation of designs which otherwise would be considered unsupportable in a systematic way (innovative).     

Computer tools for integrated conceptual design

This paper outlines the conceptual design process with reference to the integrated computer-aided design tool known as Schemebuilder, and the related work of the Lancaster University Engineering Design Centre. The aim of the Lancaster EDC is to provide highly integrated support for the rapid creation and evaluation of a wide range of outline design schemes. Particular attention is paid to the design of mechatronic systems and devices.     

基于顾客满意度的产品概念设计评价研究

目的为实现产品设计过程的科学决策,对子过程产品概念设计进行顾客满意度量化评价,为决策者选择概念设计方案提供参考,在一定程度上解决产品概念设计评价活动的主观性和随意性。方法确定研究方案,搜集产品概念设计阶段方案的评价指标,运用层次分析法建立评价指标体系;构建对概念设计阶段方案的顾客满意度评价模型;运用模糊层次分析法进行指标权重即指标重要度的计算;运用模糊数学思想进行指标满意度的调查与计算,在此基础上进行概念设计方案的满意度量化评价,得到满意的决策方案。结论以台灯概念设计基于顾客满意度的评价,验证了方法的可行性,有助于为决策活动提供量化评价依据,从而更有效地进行后续设计。     

机构特征挖掘与创新概念设计方法

传统机构设计方法过度仰赖设计者本身专业素养与创意构思,缺乏有系统地利用现有信息,基础回避设计层级中往往无法有效掌握技术的创意概念,导致陷入低阶设计修改的窠臼之中。若能运用专利分析挖掘出机构设计概念,从大量know-how的分析中获得功能设计的know-why,则能于专利中获取相关机构之设计精神。设计方法则导入系统化机构概念设计,提高设计层次,以挖掘出的大量信息为设计基础,汇整出机构设计规范,并将设计规范导入概念设计方法,获得可行机构设计。如此能充分运用现有机构获得创新机构设计,能更有效率且更能掌握机构设计内涵,对于设计者能有效地获得可行设计、避免设计产生雷同而浪费资源,并可缩短研发时程。     

A heuristic-based approach to conceptual design

In the inherently large space of design, explicating all possible concept variants—to avoid leaving out potential concepts—is astronomically costly, if at all possible. A strategy that can assist designers in exploring and ascertaining design solutions within this vast space is therefore crucial. This work adapts a general best first heuristic algorithm for applications on conceptual design problems. The algorithm is tailored to operate on a model of conceptual design postulated in this paper. The propositions are established by an ordered series of formal definitions and mathematical assertions, which characterizes the complete theoretical model. Via a simple design case study, this product conceptualization approach is demonstrated to strategically guide designers in the exploration of design concepts.     

A multi-agent-based approach for conceptual design synthesis of multi-disciplinary systems

It is encouraged that designers should explore in wide multi-disciplinary solution spaces for finding novel and promising principle solutions to desired functions during conceptual design. However, due to lack of sufficient multi-disciplinary knowledge, it is often difficult for human designers to explore in wide multi-disciplinary solution spaces. Therefore, this paper proposes a multi-agent-based approach for assisting designers in achieving multi-disciplinary conceptual design synthesis. The roles of different kinds of designing agents are identified, and the collaborative mechanisms among these agents are also elaborated. The conceptual design test case of a solar toy demonstrates that the proposed multi-agent-based design synthesis approach, compared with our previous approach, can achieve higher efficiency and better robustness through collaborative conceptual design synthesis.