A Case of Coronal Intra-articular and Epiphyseal Fractures of the Metacarpal Head in Early Adolescence

Intra-articular metacarpal head fracture is relatively rare. We report a case of coronal intra-articular and epiphyseal fractures of Salter–Harris type IV injury in the metacarpal head of the index finger. Surgery was performed by a dorsal approach. The volar fragment that was displaced proximally was gently reduced while bending the metacarpophalangeal (MP) joint, and it was fixed with cortical screws inserted proximal to the articular cartilage facilitating early rehabilitation. We consider the mechanism of injury to be a force applied from the distal phalanx that was transmitted unevenly to the volar side when the MP joint was slightly flexed. A three-dimensional computed tomography scan was useful in making the precise diagnosis, confirming the fracture pattern and planning fixation of the fracture.     

复杂闭合性踝关节骨折的治疗

目的　探讨复杂闭合性踝关节骨折的治疗方法。　方法　将 82例 85侧AO Danis Weber分型中的B、C型踝关节骨折的患者 ,随机分为两组。A组 3 0例 3 3侧采用闭合复位石膏外固定 ,B组 5 2例 5 2侧采用开放复位内固定治疗。比较两组患者踝关节疼痛、肿胀、功能恢复情况。　结果　参照Teenny和Wiss评分系统 ,A组的优良率为 3 6% ,B组的优良率为 70 % ,B组疗效优于A组 (P <0 .0 5 )。　结论　开放复位内固定是治疗复杂踝关节骨折的有效方法。     

Locking and Non-locking Constructs Achieve Similar Radiographic and Clinical Outcomes for Internal Fixation of Intra-articular Distal Humerus Fractures

Background  

Locking plates have been used increasingly for the management of distal humerus fractures. Studies that compare patient-centered outcomes between locking and non-locking fixation for distal humerus fractures are lacking.     

Arthroscopic Treatment of Synovial Chondromatosis of the Ankle

We report a case of synovial chondromatosis of the ankle joint, which has been successfully treated with arthroscopic removal of loose bodies and synovectomy, with the patient immediately returning to school and activities of daily living. Recovery after arthroscopic debridement and loose body removal is much shorter in comparison with arthrotomy, and there is no need of immobilization postoperatively.     

Effect on Hospital Length of Stay of Tourniquet Use During Internal Fixation of Ankle Fractures: Randomized Controlled Trial

Approximately 50% of ankle fractures require internal fixation. A tourniquet is often used to create a bloodless operative field, but its effect on hospital length of stay (LOS) is unclear. This article reports a parallel-group observer-blinded randomized trial of the effect of tourniquet use on LOS. One hundred eighty-eight adult patients requiring internal fixation of ankle fracture were randomized to surgery with or without a tourniquet. LOS was analyzed on intention-to-treat principles using Poisson regression. As a secondary outcome, duration of operation was analyzed by analysis of covariance. Mean LOS was 1.79 ± 1.50 days in the tourniquet group and 1.65 ± 1.11 days in the no-tourniquet group. The covariate-adjusted rate ratio for LOS (reference group: no tourniquet) was 1.084 (95% confidence interval 0.871, 1.348; p?=?.470). Sensitivity analyses (unadjusted intention-to-treat analysis and as-treated analysis) gave similar nonsignificant results. The covariate-adjusted mean difference in duration of operation was 3.03 minutes (95% confidence interval –4.96, 11.02; p?=?.455), favoring the tourniquet group; sensitivity analyses again gave similar results. Adverse events did not differ significantly between groups. In conclusion, the use of a tourniquet during internal fixation does not significantly influence hospital LOS, of which preinjury medical condition of the patient appears to be the most important determinant.     

关节镜辅助下微创治疗踝部骨折

目的探讨关节镜辅助下微创治疗踝部骨折的方法和疗效。方法对18例踝部骨折患者在关节镜辅助下进行软骨损伤、滑膜炎、韧带撕裂修复、清理、骨折复位和固定。结果 18例均获随访,时间3个月～2年。根据Mazur踝关节评价分级系统评分:优15例,良2例,可1例。结论关节镜辅助下微创治疗踝部骨折应重视关节软骨及韧带损伤的治疗,并确保关节面的解剖复位。其切口小,术后恢复快,可减少术后创伤性关节炎的发生率。     

关节镜辅助下内外联合双钢板内固定治疗复杂胫骨平台骨折

目的探讨关节镜辅助下内外侧联合入路双钢板内固定治疗复杂胫骨平台骨折的临床效果。方法复杂胫骨平台骨折42例,其中SchatzkerⅣ型3例,Ⅴ型27例,Ⅵ型12例,均采用内外联合入路,关节镜协助操作及检查关节面的复位情况,同时治疗半月板损伤14例及交叉韧带损伤13例。充分植骨以支持关节面的复位。内固定方法：内侧采用小T型或重建锁定钢板,外侧采用加压或锁定高尔夫型钢板。结果 41例伤口一期愈合,1例切口皮肤软组织坏死行皮瓣修复后愈合。本组42例经平均2.6（0.5～4）年随访,骨折愈合时间平均5（3～19）个月。按Lysholm膝关节功能评分标准,优35例,良4例,中3例,优良率92.9%。所有病例无膝关节内外翻畸形,仅有3例（7.1%）术后有轻度的关节面再次塌陷。结论关节镜辅助下内外双侧钢板内固定治疗复杂胫骨平台骨折是简单有效的办法,内固定稳定,术后可进行早期功能锻炼,疗效确切,并发症少。     

后踝骨折钢板内固定治疗16例临床疗效分析

目的探讨一种有效内固定后踝骨折的方法使踝关节能够早期功能锻炼,恢复踝关节功能。方法 2007年1月至2009年12月收治三踝骨折中的后踝骨折患者16例行钢板内固定,手术疗效做回顾性分析总结。16例患者,男10例,女6例;年龄19～70岁,平均55岁。车祸伤2例,重物砸伤2例,高处坠落伤10例,扭伤2例。闭合性骨折14例,开放性骨折2例。按Denis-Weber的AO分型,B型10例,C型6例。结果 16例患者均得到较完整的随访,随访时间为6～18个月,平均12个月。按Leeds标准进行功能评定,优15例,良1例,优良率100%。结论良好的复位和坚强的内固定是踝关节早期功能锻炼的必要条件之一。     

桡骨远端关节内骨折镜下复位外固定疗效分析

目的探讨桡骨远端关节内骨折关节镜辅助下复位结合外固定架固定的手术方法及疗效。方法我科于2006年6月至2008年1月应用关节镜辅助下复位结合外固定支架技术治疗桡骨远端关节内骨折16例,其中男10例,女6例,年龄36~68岁,平均48岁。按照AO分型,B 1型骨折3例,B 2型1例,B 3型1例,C 1型2例,C 2型3例,C 3型6例。按L idstrom评分标准评定治疗效果。结果本组临床随访8~18个月,平均13个月。按L idstrom评分标准进行疗效评价,优10例,良5例,可1例,差0例,优良率93.7%。结论桡骨远端关节内骨折关节镜辅助下复位外固定支架固定,既可以在腕关节镜下精确恢复关节面的平整,又可以利用外固定器牵引维持桡骨关节面的高度,且早期恢复腕关节的功能活动,可得到较满意的治疗效果。     

Bicortical Screw Fixation of Distal Fibula Fractures With a Lateral Plate: An Anatomic and Biomechanical Study of a New Technique

One of the potential drawbacks of lateral plating of distal fibula fractures is less than satisfactory fixation of unicortical screws commonly placed in the distal fragment to avoid implant penetration of the ankle joint. This study examines the anatomy of the distal fibula, proposes new techniques for bicortical screw fixation and radiographic evaluation of screw placement, and compares pullout strength of unicortical versus bicortical screws in this area. Sixteen pairs of human cadaver feet were used in this study. It was found that a large percentage of the surface area of the distal fibula is nonarticular and that the distal fibula could be divided into 3 zones with distinct anatomic features. Zone I is defined as the distal most 1.5 cm of the fibula, zone II is the next 1 cm of fibula proximal to zone I, and zone III is defined as the fibula above the ankle joint, starting at just over 2.5 cm proximal to the tip of the fibula. We determined a safe corridor for bicortical screw placement by means of a lateral plate in each zone. An improved radiographic view is described for confirmation of extraarticular screw placement. Screw pullout testing was performed on 8 pairs of fresh-frozen human cadaver fibulas. In both zone I and zone II, the bicortical screw fixation was significantly stronger than the unicortical screw fixation. In zone I, the average pullout strength for the bicortical screw fixation was 2.3 times higher than the unicortical screw fixation. In zone II, the average pullout strength for the bicortical screw fixation was 3.3 times higher than the unicortical screw fixation. This study shows that not only is bicortical screw placement in the distal fibula technically feasible, but it is also biomechanically stronger than unicortical placement in this area.     

Cerclage Wire and Lag Screw Fixation of the Lateral Malleolus in Supination and External Rotation Fractures of the Ankle

Wound dehiscence and exposed lateral hardware can occur after open reduction internal fixation of lateral malleolus. The bulk of a lateral plate and the minimum soft tissue over the lateral malleolus may contribute to this situation. The objective of this study was to evaluate a series of patients with lateral malleolar fractures treated with operative reduction using minimal hardware. We wanted to observe whether there was any loss of reduction and whether there were any incidences of soft tissue disruption. Fifty-two patients with long spiral fracture of the lateral malleolus in a supination-external rotation injury were treated with two or three 3.5-mm lag screws inserted 1 cm apart and 1 or 2 circlage wires. Less rigid fixation was supplemented with a below-the-knee plaster cast. All patients were followed up until clinical and radiological evidence of fracture healing at 6, 10, and 14 weeks postoperatively. By 10 weeks, all patients were full weight bearing, although most patients still limped. At 14 weeks' follow-up, there were no infections or wound dehiscences. All patients were able to return to their activities of daily living. All the fractures had united without loss of original position. Two fractures of the posterior bone spikes seen during surgery united uneventfully. Long spiral fractures of the lateral malleolus of the ankle can be treated successfully with 2 or 3 lag screws and circlage wires without compromising the outcome of the fracture healing.     

Arthroscopic Double-Row Suture Anchor Fixation of Minimally Displaced Greater Tuberosity Fractures

In cases of displaced greater tuberosity fractures, treatments by arthroscopic-assisted reduction and percutaneous screw fixation have been reported. However, in cases in which there is a comminuted fracture or a minimally displaced fracture combined with concomitant lesions such as rotator cuff tear or labral pathology, it is difficult to reduce the fracture and to treat other pathologies by use of a percutaneous screw. Recently, many surgeons have used the double-row repair method in rotator cuff repair, which provides a tendon-bone interface better suited for biologic healing and restoring normal anatomy. In accordance with this method, we used the arthroscopic technique of double-row suture anchor fixation for a minimally displaced greater tuberosity fracture without additional incision. Initially, debridement was performed on the fracture surface by use of a shaver, and the medial-row anchor was inserted through the anterior portal or the intact cuff. Two lateral-row anchors were inserted just anterior and posterior to the lower margin of the fractured fragment under C-arm guidance. The medial-row sutures and lateral-row sutures were then placed. Arthroscopic double-row suture anchor fixation of a displaced greater tuberosity fracture restores the original footprint of the rotator cuff and normal tendon-bone interface of the displaced greater tuberosity fracture.     

关节镜下微创治疗胫骨平台骨折探讨

目的探讨关节镜技术在SchatzkerⅠ~Ⅳ型胫骨平台骨折治疗中的应用价值。方法对23例SchatzkerⅠ~Ⅳ型胫骨平台骨折患者在关节镜监护下行复位螺钉内固定术,镜下同时处理关节内合并损伤。结果术后随访5~17个月,8.3月后所有骨折均获骨性愈合,无感染、皮肤坏死及创口延迟愈合。按HSS评分标准:优18例,良3例,可2例,优良率91.3%。结论关节镜监护下治疗胫骨平台骨折损伤小,操作安全,复位固定满意,能同时处理关节内合并伤,术后功能恢复快。